IS 14137: Cetyl Alcohol for Cosmetic Industry

12 Pages·1994·1.3 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

इंटरनेट मानक
Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information
Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to
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in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the
timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
“जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ”
Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru
“The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New”
IS 14137 (1994): Cetyl Alcohol for Cosmetic Industry [PCD
19: Cosmetics]
“!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण”
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee””
“!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै”
Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam
“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”

IS 14137:1994

Indian Standard
CETYL ALCOHOL FOR COSMETIC
INDUSTRY- SPECIFICATION
UDC 665’58 [ 547’288’19 ]

tQ BIS 1994
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
November 1994 Price Group 3
scitemsoC lanoitceS ,eettimmoC DCP 19
DROWEROF
sihT naidnI dradnatS was adopted yb the uaeruB of naidnI ,sdradnatS after the draft dezilanif yb
the scitemsoC lanoitceS ,eettimmoC had neeb devorppa yb the ,muelorteP laoC dna detaleR
stcudorP noisiviD .licnuoC
lyteC lohocla si a etihw suoutcnu erutxim of dilos slohocla gnitsisnoc ylfeihc of .lonacedaxeh-n tI
si elbulos ni ,lonahte ether, mroforolhc dna eneulot dna elbulosni ni water. tI smrofnoc ot the
:alumrof
CHs ( CH2 ) HO,HKl
lyteC lohocla si na tnatropmi tneidergni ni citemsoc stcudorp ekil ,smaerc ,snoitol etc. rehtie as
hcus or after .noitalyxohte tI si deniatbo yb hgih erusserp noitanegordyh of citimlap .dica nI
niatrec citemsoc ,stcudorp a erutxim of lytec lohocla dna lyraets lohocla sevig retteb seitreporp naht
erup lytec .lohocla
lyraeteC ,lohocla a erutxim of lytec dna lyraets .slohocla si na ,sselruodo ,etihw yxaw dilos hcihw si
elbulos ni lyhteid ether, enezneb dna .mroforolhc tI si ylthgils elbulos ni muelortep ether, lonahte
dna enoteca dna si elbulosni ni water.
sihT dradnats sedivorp snoitacificeps for erup lytec ,lohocla whereas tnemeriuqer for lyraetec
lohocla ( erutxim of lytec dna lyraets slohocla ) are nevig for noitamrofni .ylno
sihT dradnats si yllaitnesse desab no ,citemsoC seirtelioT ecnargarF noitaicossA ( AFTC )
noitacificepS roF lyteC lohocla dna lyraeteC .lohocla
roF the esoprup of gnidiced whether a ralucitrap tnemeriuqer of siht dradnats si deilpmoc ,htiw the
lanif ,eulav devresbo or ,detaluclac gnisserpxe the tluser of a test, llahs eb dednuor off ni ecnadrocca
htiw SI 2 : 1960 seluR‘ for gnidnuor off laciremun seulav desiver.( )‘. ehT rebmun of tnacifingis
secalp deniater ni the dednuor off eulav dluohs eb the emas as that of the deificeps eulav ni siht
.dradnats
. - . _- “. _ .._ ._.“_, II~‘_‘.
IS 14137: 1994
Indian Standard
CETYLALCOHOL FOR COSMETIC
INDUSTRY- SPECIFICATION
3.2 ehT lairetam llahs ylpmoc htiw the stnemeriuqer
1 SCOPE .
nevig ni elbaT 1.
sihT dradnats sebircserp the stnemeriuqer dna
sdohtem of gnilpmas dna test for lytec .lohocla ehT
stnemeriuqer for lyraetec lohocla erutxim( of lytec Table 1 Requirements for Cetyl Alcohol for
dna lyraets )slohocla are nevig ni elbaT 2 for ecnadiug Cosmetic Industry
only. (Clauses 3.2, 6 and )3.3.01-A
2 REFERENCES
IS citsiretcarahC Requirenwt Method of
ehT rrniwollof naidnI sdradnatS are yrassecen stcnujda NO. TCSl
ot siht :dridnats
(1) (2) (3) (4)
SI No. Title
9 ecnaraeppA Solid -
264 : 1976 cirtiN dica dnoces( )itoisi~er
flakes
ro spmul
265 : 1987 cirolhcordyH dica dnoces( )~oi~.i~er
286 : 1978 Methods of gnilpmas dna tests ii) COIOW As deerga ot neewteb l-A
for soaps dnoces( revision) eht reyub dim eht relles
1070 : 1992 tnegaeR grade water - iii) lyxordyiI eulav 2-A
noitacificepS (third revision)
2088 : 1988 Methods for noitanimreted of )vi dicA ,eulav Max A-3
cinesra urst revision)
A-4
2362 : 1973 noitanimreteD of water yb the
lraK s’rehcsiF dohtem Y;rst revision)
3958 : 19s4 Methods of gnilpmas scitemsoc )iv enidoI ,eulav Mm (‘lause 7 of
:
(Jrst revision) IS ‘86 1978
4707 noitacifissalC of citemsoc raw
slairetam dna stcnujda )iiv .erutsioM tnecrep yb A-5
.ssam Mm
(Part 1) : 1988 ,seyD ruoloc dna stnemgip
(J7rst revision) )iiiv ,nobracordyH tnecrep A-6
(Part 2) : 1993 tsiL of raw slairetam yllareneg yb ,ssam .\NM
’ton dezingocer as safe for esu ni
scitemsoc (first revision) A-7
rhT evoba denoitnem sdradnats niatnoc snoisivorp
,hcihw hguorht ecnerefer ni siht text, etutitsnoc
snoisivorp of siht .dradnats tA the emit of publication,
the snoi&dc detacidni were .dilav llA sdradnats are
tcejbus ot ,noisiver dna seitrap ot stnemeerga desab
no siht dradnats are dcgaruocnr ot etagitsevni the
ytilibissop of gniylppa the tsom tnecer snoitide of the
sdradnats detacidni .evoba
A-K
3 STNEMERIUQER
A-Y
3.1 Ikscription
01-A
lyteC lohocla llahs eb thgiarts niahc neve derebmun
detarutas lohocla gniniatnoc yltnanimoderp ,,C lohocla
or a erutxim of C dna C .slohocla ehT lairetam )iiix yvaeil ,slniem :IS dael II-A
llahs eb dilos ni:ehtie a ekalf mrof or ni pmul .mrof .)hP( ,mpp MNV
tI llahs eb free morf elbisiv .seitirupmi
1
SI 14137 : 1994
Table 2 Requirements for Cetearyl Alcohol for 4 PACKING AND MARKING
Cosmetic Industry
( Clause 1 ) 4.1 Packing
The lairetam llahs eb packed ni elbatius llew desolc
IS citsiretcsrahC Requirement Method of sreniatnoc as agreed ot neewteb the reyub dna the
No. Test .relles
(1) (2) (3) (4) 4.2 Marking
The sreniatnoc llahs eb ylbigel dekram htiw the
9 Appearance Solid - gniwollof :noitamrofni
flakes emag of the ;lairetam
or lumps noitacidnI of the ecruos of ;erutcafunam
Net ssam of the ;lairetam
ii) Colour As agreed lo between A-l
Batch rebmun ni code or ,esiwrehto ot elbane
the buyer and the seller
the tol of erutcafunam ot eb traced kcab morf
iii) lyxordyH eulav 022-002 2-A ;sdrocer dna
ynA other tnemeriuqer as deriuqer yb yrotutats
3-A
iv) Acid value, Mar 1.0 .seitirohtua
4-A
v) Saponification value, 3.0 4.3 SIB Certification Marking
MRY
The tcudorp yam osla eb dekram htiw dradnatS Mark.
esualC 17 of
vi) Iodine value, Mar 3.0
1s 286 : 1978 4.3.1 ehT esu of the dradnatS Mark si denrevog yb
the snoisivorp of uaeruB of naidnI sdradnatS ,tcA
5-A
vii) Moisture, percent by 0.2 1986 dna the seluR dna snoitalugeR edam .rednuereht
mass, Mar ehT sliated of snoitidnoc rednu hcihw the ecnecil for
6-A the esu of dradnatS Mark yam eb detnarg ot
viii) Hydrocarbon, percent 1.5
by mass, Mar srerutcafunam or srecudorp yam eb deniatbo morf the
uaeruB of naidnI .sdradnatS
7-A
ix) Assay by GC, percenr by 90
mass, Mi~z, with following 5 SAMPLING
break-up
5.1 evitatneserpeR selpmas of the lairetam llahs eb
c,, 0 to 3 nward as debircserp ni SI 3958 : 1984.
C,, 40 to 60
C,* 40 to 60 5.2 stseT for lls scitsiretcarahc llahs eb deirrac tuo
no etisopmoc .elpntas
8-A
X) pH of 10 percent 7 to 9
suspension 5.3 ehT lairetam llahs eb nekat ot evah demrofnoc
ot the noitacificeps fi the etisopmoc elpmas passes
xi) Melting range, “C 45 to 51 9-A lla the tests.
01-A
xii) Arsenic (as As) ppm, Mow 2 6 TSET SDOHTEM
xiii) Heavy melals, as leao 20 11-A stseT llahs eb detcudnoc as debircserp ni co1

(as Pb), ppm, Mnr 4 of elbaT 1. ecnerefeR ot tnaveler sdradnats si 11evig

ni co1 4 of elbaT 1.
ANNEX A
(Clauses 3.2 and 6)
A-l DETERMINATION OF COLOUR ( HAZEN ) the snel dna rotate the retemirolac leehw llit htob .
sedis of retemirolac show emas .ruoloc Note nwod
A-l.1 Apparatus the gnidaer of .retemirolac
1.1.1-A Any Suitdde Cohrimeter 2-A NOITANIMRETED FO HYDROXYL EULAV
A-l .1.2 Nessler Cylinders ehT lyxordyh eulav si the rebmun of smargillim To
muissatop edixordyh tnelaviuqe ot the lyxordyh tnetnoc
2 mc lanretni ,retemaid 12 mc gnol htiw gnikram at
of eno marg of .elpmas
4.7 .mc
1.2-A stnegaeR
2.l-A erudecorP
1.1.2-A Acetylnting Reagents
lliF eno relsseN rednilyc htiw water dna other htiw
yttaf .lohocla tuP the retemirolac leehw dekram htiw ylhserF prepared erofeb esu yb gnixim 25 lm of cileca
No. 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40,50, 60 dna 70. See hguorht edirdyhna htiw 75 lm .cnidiryp

2
SI 14137 : 1994
2.1.2-A Methanol A-4 DETERMINATION OF SAPONIFICATION
VALUE
A-2.1.3 Isopropanol
noitacifinopaS eulav si the rebmun of smargillim of
muissatop edixordyh deriuqer ot yfinopas 1 g of
A-2.1.4 Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide - 0.5 N.
.elpmas
A-2.2 Procedure
1.4-A stnegaeR
hgieW 0.5 ot 0.6 g of the elpmas otni a stoppered
lacinoc .ksalf ddA 5 lm of the ylhserf prepared 1.1.4-A Alcoholic Potassium Hydroxide - 0.1 N.
gnitalyteca tnegaer yletarucca yb a .ettepip hcattA na
ria resnednoc dna xulter no a maets htab for 1 ,ruoh 2.1.4-A Hydrochloric Acid - 0.1 N,
add 5 lm of dellitsid water hguorht the ria .resnednoc
xulfeR for a rehtruf 10 .setunim looC ot moor A-4.2 Procedure
.erutarepmet esniR the ria resnednoc dna the kcen of
the ksalf htiw 25 lm of a dezilartuen erutxim of yletaruccA hgiew tuoba 3 ot 5 g of the elpmas otni
2 : 1 lonahtem : .lonaporposI etartiT tsniaga 0.5 N a lm-052 stoppered lacinoc .ksalf ddA yletarucca 40
cilohocla muissatop .edixordyh tcudnoC a etacilpud lm of 0.1 N cilohocla muissatop edixordyh ot the
dna two sknalb .ylsuoenatlumis elpmas morf a etterub dna xulfer no a dnas /htab
eltnam htiw na ria resnednoc for 30 .setunim etartiT
3.2-A Calculation tsniaga 0.1 N cirolhcordyh dica htiw nielahthplonehp
.rotacidni tcudnoC a knalb noitamitse .ylsuoenatlumis
(B -- S) x N x 56.1
lyxordyH eulav =
3.4-A Calculation
M
where
(B - S) x N x 56.1
B = emulov ni lm of muissatop noitacifinopaS =
edixordyh noitulos deriuqer for
eulav M
,knalb
s = emulov ni lm of muissatop where
edixordyh noitulos deriuqer for
B = lm of 0.1 N cirolhcordyh dica
detalyteca ,elpmas
deriuqer for noitazilartuen of ,knalb
M= ssam ni g of the ,elpmas dna
N= ytilamron of muissatop edixordyh S = lm of 0.1 N cirolhcordyh dica
.noitulos ,noitulos
N = ytilamron of cirolhcordyh dica
3-A NOITANIMRETED FO DICA EULAV
,noitulos dna
0.3-A dicA eulav si the rebmun of slnargillim of
M = ssam ni g of the .elpmas
muissatop edixordyh deriuqer ot ezilartuen free yttaf
sdica ni 1 g of .elpmas 5-A NOITANIMRETED FO ERUTSIOM

1.3-A stnegaeR
A-5.1 Outline of the Method
1.1.3-A Alcoholic Sodium Hydroxide - 0.1 N. The dohtem senimreted the lautca water tnetnoc of
the lairetam yb noitartit htiw lraK rehcsiF tnegaer
2.1.3-A Methanol
hcihw reacts ylevitatitnauq htiw water.
A-3.1.3 Isopropanol
A-3.2 erudecorP 2.5-A Procedure
ekaT tuoba 20 g of ,lairetam hgiew yletarucca dna
hgieW yletarucca tuoba 10 g of the elpmas otni a
enilmetcd the erutsiom tnetnoc yb the erudecorp nevig
lacinoc .ksalf ddA tuoba 25 lm of a 2 : 1 erutxim
ni SI 2362 : 1973.
of lonahtem : lonaporposI ylsuoiverp d&lartuen htiw
0.1 N muidos edixordyh ot a tniaf knip nielahthplonehp
6-A NOITANIMRETED FO NOBRACORDYH
.ruoloc mraW ot evlossid the .elpmas etartiT tsniaga
0.1 muidos edixordyh ot the emas tniaf knip .ruoloc ehT sisylana serusaem the nobracordyh tnetnoc ni
yttaf .slohocla ehT elpicnirp ni the. sisylana si the
3.3-A Calculation
noitprosba of the yttaf slohocla no acilis ,leg elihw
T x N x 56.1 the snobracordyh are ton .debrosba
dicA eulav =pp
M 1.6-A Reagents
where
T = lm of muidos edixordyh deriuqer A-6.1.1 Pentane
for ,noitazilartuen
A-6.2 Procedure
N= ytilamron of edixordyh ,noitulos
dna hgieW yletarucca tuoba 2 g of elpmas otni a -001
M= ssam ni g of the .elpmas lm ksalf dna add 50 lm of enatnep ot .ti fI ti si na
3
IS 14137 : 1994
lohocla htiw a hgih gnitlem tniop neht ti has ot eb ecnadiug .ylno ehT egatnecrep of suoirav yttaf slohocla
detlem tsrif ni a maets htab dna dehgiew yltpmorp ni a nevig elpmas si denimreted yb gas .yhpargotamorhc
,dna after gnidda ,enatnep the erutxim has ot eb heated.
1.7-A eniltuO of the Method
ekaT a ssalg ebut of 50 mc htgnel dna 1.2 mc lanretni
A elpmas of the lairetam si devlossid ni a elbatius
.retemaid lliF the mottob of the ebut htiw emos
spu11 tnevlos (for ,elpmaxe ,enaxeh ,enaxeholcyc mroforolhc
ssalg and press ti together htiw a latem rod. lliF pu dna muelortep ether) dna si detcejni otni the gas
htiw powdered acilis leg 002-008( )hsem dna yltneg
hpargotamorhc where ti si deirrac yb the reirrac gas
tap the ebut tsniaga a nedoow etalp tuoba 30 semit
morf eno dne of the nmuloc ot the other. gniruD sti
litnu the nmuloc si 45 mc .lluf
,tnemevom the stneutitsnoc of the elpmas ogrednu
noitubirtsid at tnereffid rates dna yletamitlu get
ecalP a lm-ool ksalf htaenrednu the .ebut refsnarT
separated morf eno .rehtona ehT separated stneutitsnoc
the elpmas noitulos yb a llams lennuf ot a dnuor ksalf
egreme morf the dne of the nmuloc eno after rehtona
htiw a gnol dna worran .kcen tuP the gnol dekcen
dna are detected yb elbatius snaem whose esnopser
ksalf edispu nwod otni the acilis leg ebut dna wolla
si detaler ot the tnuoma of a cificeps tnenopmoc
the enatnep ot .pird nehW the dnuor ksalf si ,ytpme
gnivael the .nmuloc
the elpmas ksalf si washed yb lm-OS ,enatnep hcihw
si derrefsnart ot the gnol dekcen ksalf dna deppird
hguorht the acilis leg .ebut sihT takes tuoba two 2.7-A Apparatus
.sruoh retfA ,siht evomer the lm-OOl ksalf ni hcihw
the ,enatnep htiw extracts, si detcelloc dna tup rehtona A-7.2.1 ynA elbatius gas hpargotamorhc dna nmuloc
elbapac of gnieb operated rednu snoitidnoc elbatius
50 lm enatnep hguorht the acilis leg tcelloc ti ni a
for gnivloser the laudividni stneutitsnoc otni tcnitsid
separate .ksalf
peaks yam eb .desu ehT lacipyt margotamorhc for
lytec lohocla htiw the gniwollof cihpargotamorhc
roF ,,C dna other slohocia htiw a hgih gnitlem ,tniop
snoitidnoc si nwohs ni .giF 1.
acilis leg ebut llahs eb heated htiw a gnitaeh .blub
ehT gnitaeh blub si decalp at a ecnatsid morf the
nmuloc tneiciffus ot keep the lohocla ni a diuqil state. Sample size 0.1 ot 0.2 sertilorcim as
50 tnecrep noitulos ni
Care dluohs eb nekat that the enatnep does ton .liob
mroforolhc
retfA the noitcartxe si ,etelpmoc etaropave the enatnep
morf the lm-ool ksalf no the maets htab litnu tuoba Column
5 lm noitulos si tfel ni the .ksalf refsnarT siht noitulos
lairetaM sselniatS leets
ot a yrd dna dehgiew )4Ii( muinimula .lwob hsaW the
htgneL 2.28
ksalf eciwt htiw 5 lm of .enatnep peeK the munimula 111
ecifirO 0.32 mc
lwob no the maets htab dna yltneg etaropave the
yranoitatS phase ES 30
.enatnep hctaW the enatnep noitaropave ,ylesolc dna
dna dilos troppus brosomorhC WAW
nehw gnilbbub ceases, evomer the lwob .yletaidemmi
-ool 120 Mesh
peeK the lwob ni the muucav rotaccised at tneibma
SCMD
erutarepmet for 15 .setunim hgieW the muinimula
lwob niaga (N). ehT ecnereffid ni ssam (N - M) sevig
the nobracordyh .thgiew ehT dnoces noitcartxe htiw Carrier Gas negortiN
40 nim/lm gas wolf
50 lm cnatnep si enod ni the emas yaw dna the
nobracordyh noitanimreted dluohs ton eb erom naht
Conditions
1 .gm
nmuloC erutarepmet erutarepmeT
3.6-A noituluclaC
gnimmargorP gnimmargorp 1 C*Ol
Mass of nobracordyh x 100 (1 ot unim/C”7 te)
,nobracordyH
- C°022 dloh
tnecrep yb ssam = Mass of elpmas
noitcejnI port C°052
= (N - M) x 100 erutarepmet
(1
where Detector
N = ssam ni g of the ,eudiser
M = ssam ni g of the muinimula ,lwob CPYT .D.T.F
erutarepmeT C°003
dna
I( = ssam ni g of the .elpmas
3.7-A Calculation
7-A SAG CHROMATOGRAI’HIC ANALYSIS A-7.3.1 etaluclaC morf the peak areas ot’ laudividni
OF ACETYI, ALCOHOL FOR COSMETIC stneutitsnoc nwohs no the margotamorhc of the ,lairetam
INDUSTRY snoitartnecnoc of stneutitsnoc no the sisab of peaks
area no margotamorhc deniatbo htiw nwonk tnuoma
A-7.0 General
of erup stneutitsnoc gnisu the emas sutarappa rednu
The cihpargotamorhc snoitidnoc nevig here are for lacitnedi .snoitidnoc

4
SI 14137 : 1994
A-7.3.2 Area Measuremmt (See Note) htab dna eunitnoc gnitaeh htiw tnatsnoc gnirrits at a
rate of yletamixorppa 3 nim/ged litnu a erutarepmet
ecniS lamron peaks etamixorppa a ,elgnairt the area C°3 woleb the expected gnitlem tniop si .deniatta
si derusaem yb gniylpitlum the peak thgieh semit the nehT ylluferac etaluger the rate ot tuoba 1 ot 2 deg/
htdiw of flah .thgieh ehT lamron peak esab si ton nim litnu the elpmas si yletelpmoc .detlem
nekat ecnis egral snoitaived yam eb devresbo eud ot
gniliat or .noitprosda ehT euqinhcet si ,dipar elpmis 3.2.9-A ehT erutarepmet at hcihw the nmuloc elpmas
dna ylriaf etarucca nehw peaks are lacirtemmys dna si devresbo ot espalloc yletinifed tsniaga the edis of
of elbanosaer .htdiw
the ebut at yna tniop llahs eb nekat as the gninnigeb
of the gnitlem dna the erutarepmet at hcihw the elpmas
3.3.7-A Area Normalization semoceb diuqil tuohguorht llahs eb nekat as the dne
of .gnitlem
yB ,gnizilamron ti si ,tnaem gnitaluclac the egatnecrep
noitisopmoc yb gnirusaem the area of each dna gnidivid
4.2.9-A htoB the erutarepmet deton llahs llaf nihtiw
the laudividni areas yb latot area, for :elpmaxe
the deificeps gnitlem .egnar
aerA of A
egatnecreP of A = x 100 A-10 DETERMINATION OF HEAVY METALS
latoT area AS LEAD (Pb)
NOTE - Other methods of area measurements, namely. A-10.0 Outline of the Method
triangulation, disc inkgrator and electronic digital integrator if
Cixcd with G1.C machine, would be of great advantage. ehT ruoloc decudorp htiw negordyh edihplus noitulos
si dehctam tsniaga that deniatbo htiw dradnats dael
8-A NOITANIMRETED FO pH FO 10 PERCENT
.noitulos
SUSPENSION
A-10.1 Apparatus
A-8.1 Apparatus
HPA ,retem ylbareferp deppiuqe htiw ssalg .edortcele A-10.1.1 Nessker Cylinders - 50 lm .yticapac
2.8-A Procedure 2.01-A Reagents
lioB 1 g of the elpmas ni 10 lm of water dna enimreted A-10.2.1 Concentrated Hydrochloric Acid - see
the pH of the noGLlepsus after gnilooc gnisu pH IS 265 : 1987.
.retem
A-10.2.2 Concentrated Nitric Acid - see IS 264 :
1976.
A-9 DETERMINATION OF MELTING POINT
A-10.2.3 Dilute Acetic Acid - 6 tnecrep citeca dica
A-9.1 Apparatus
(60 lm detulid ot 1 000 lm htiw water).
A-9.1.1 Oil Bath - gnitsisnoc of diuqil niffarap ni
a ssalg .reniatnoc 4.2.01-A Hydrogen Sulphide Solution - .detarutas

2.1.9-A Heat Source - lacirtcele or nepo ,emalf A-10.2.5 Standard Lead Solution
elbapac of gnieb dellortnoc ot a derised rate of .gnitaeh
evlossiD 1.600 g of dael etartin ni water dna ekam
3.1.9-A Capillary Tubes - of ,ssalg 10 mc gnol dna pu the noitulos ot 1 000 .lm ettepiP tuo 10 lm of the
0.8 ot 1.2 mm ni lanretni .retemaid
noitulos dna etulid niaga ot 1 000 lm htiw water. enO
ertilillim of siht noitulos sniatnoc 0.01 gm of dacl
A-9.1.4 retemomrehT detarbilac- tsniaga a deifitrec (as .)bP
.retemomreht
2.9-A Procedure A-10.3 Procedure
A-9.2.1 ecudeR the elpmas ot a enif powder. lliF ni A-10.3.1 ecalP 2 g of elpmas yletarucca dehgiew
a yrallipac ,ebut hcihw si delaes at eno ,dne tneiciffus ni a munGalp hsid dna etarenicni for tuoba 2 sruoh
ytitnauq of yrd powder 10 mrof a mnulor 2.5 ot 3.5 at 525 ot 550 .C“ looC dna add 1 ot 2 lm of cirolhcordyh
mm ni thgieh nehw packed nwod as ylesolc as .elbissop dica dna 0.5 lm cirtin dica dna etaropave ot ssenyrd
no the maets .htab evlossiD the eudiser ni 5 lm hot
2.2.9-A Heat the htab litnu a erutarepmet water, etaropave ot ssenyrd dna treat ti htiw ciroulfordyh
yletamixorppa C°03 woleb the expected gnitlem .dica etaropavE niaga ot .ssenyrd etuliD ti htiw water
poittt
si reached. hcattA yrallipac ebut gniniatnoc the tuoba( 50 .)lm retliF the ,noilulos fi ,yrassecen htiw
powdered elpmas ot the retemomreht yb gnittew htob noitcus hguorht a enif dellirf ssalg retlif dna etulid
htiw a drop of diuqil niffarap dna tsujda sti thgieh the etartlif dna gnihsaw ot 100 lm ni a detaudarg
so that the lairetam ni the yrallipac si ni level htiw .ksalF sihT noitulos llahs eb desu for tests nevig ni
the retemomreht .blub nruteR the retemomreht ot the 2.3.01-A dna .2.11-A