IS 13782: Permeable sintered metal materials - Determination of fluid permeability

16 Pages·1993·1.4 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 13782 (1993): Permeable sintered metal materials -
Determination of fluid permeability [MTD 25: Powder
Metallurgical Materials and Products]
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Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
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IS 13782 : 3991
IS0 4022:1987
1

Indian Standard
PERMEABLE SINTERED LATEM SLAIRETAM -
NOITANIMRETED FO FLUID YTILIBAEMREP
UDC 669-138'8 : 620'193'19

@ SIB 3991
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
June 1993 Price Group 5
redwoP lacigrullateM slairetaM dna stcudorP lanoitceS Committee, DTM 52
LANOITAN FOREWORD
sihT naidnI dradnatS hcihw si lacitnedi htiw 0SI 2204 : 7891 elbaemreP‘ deretnis latem
slairetam - noitanimreteD fo diulf ,’ytilibaemrep deussi yb eht lanoitanretnI noitazinagrO rof
noitazidradnatS ( 0SI ), saw detpoda yb eht uaeruB fo naidnI sdradnatS no eht snoitadnemmocer
fo eht redwoP lacigrullateM slairetaM dna stcudorP lanoitceS Committee ( DTM 52 ) dna
lavorppa fo eht lacigrullateM gnireenignE noisiviD .licnuoC
ehT txet fo 0SI dradnatS sah neeb devorppa sa elbatius rof noitacilbup sa naidnI dradnatS tuohtiw
.snoitaived Some ygolonimret dna snoitnevnoc ,era ,revewoh ton lacitnedi htiw esoht desu ni
naidnI .sdradnatS noitnettA si yllaicepse nward ot eht :gniwollof
a) Wherever eht sdrow lanoitanretnI‘ ’dradnatS ,raeppa gnirrefer ot siht ,dradnats ti dluohs
eb daer sa naidnI‘ .’dradnatS
b) Comma ( , ) sah neeb desu sa a lamiced marker elihw ni naidnI sdradnatS eht tnerruc
ecitcarp si ot esu a tniop ( . ) sa eht lamiced marker.
nI siht detpoda ,dradnats ecnerefer sraeppa ot 0SI .8372 ehT naidnI dradnatS SI 2465 : 1991
elbaemreP‘ deretnis latem slairetam - noitanimreteD fo ,ytisned lio tnetnoc dna nepo ytisorop
( dnoces revision )‘. hcihw si lacitnedi htiw 0SI 8372 : ,7891 si ot eb detutitsbus ni sti .ecalp
nI gnitroper eht stluser fo a tset made ni ecnadrocca htiw siht ,dradnats fi eht lanif ,eulav
devresbo or ,detaluclac si ot eb dednuor ,ffo ti llahs eb enod ni ecnadrocca htiw SI 2 : 0691
seluR“ rof gnidnuor ffo laciremun seulav ( revised )‘.
IS 13782 : 1993
IS0 4022 : 1987
Indian Standard
PERMEABLE SINTERED LATEM SLAIRETAM -
NOITANIMRETED FO FLUID YTILIBAEMREP
1 Scope and field of application 2 Reference
IS0 2738, Permeable sintered metal materiels - Determination
This International Standard specifies a method for the deter- of density, oil content and open porosity.
mination of the fluid permeability of permeable sintered metal
materials in which the porosity is deliberately continuous or in-
3 Principle
terconnecting, testing being carried out under such conditions
that the fluid permeability can be expressed in terms of viscous Passage of a test fluid of known viscosity and density through a
and inertia permeability coefficients (see annex A). test piece, and measurement of the pressure drop and the

volumetric flow rate.

This International Standard does not apply to very long hollow Determination of the viscous and inertia permeability coeffi-
cylindrical test pieces of small diameter, in which the pressure cients, which are parameters of a formula describing the rela-
drop of the fluid in passing along the bore of the cylinder may tionship between the pressure drop, the volumetric flow rate,
not be negligible compared with the pressure drop of the fluid the viscosity and density of the test fluid, and the dimensions of
passing through the wall thickness (see annex A, clause A.5). the porous metal test piece permeated by this fluid.
IS13782: 1993
IS0 4022 : 1987
4 Symbols and definitions
For eht purposes fo siht lanoitanretnI ,dradnatS eht slobmys dna snoitinifed nevig in the table apply:
Table - Symbols and definitions
Term 1 Symbol 1 Definition Unit
ytilibaemreP _ ytilibA fo a suorop latem ot pass a fluid rednu eht noitca fo a
_
erusserp gradient
tseT aera A aerA fo a suorop latem lamron ct eht noitcerid fo eht fluid wolf 2m
ssenkcihT e noisnemiD fo eht tset eceip ni eht noitcerid fo fluid wolf
)a rof talf tset :seceip lauqe ot eht ssenkciht m
b) rof wolloh :srednilyc nevig yb eht noitauqe ni 2.1.6
htgneL L htgneL fo rednilyc eesl erugif )2 m
suocsiV ytilibaemrep tneiciffeoc W” emuloV wolf etar ta hcihw a fluid fo tinu ytisocsiv is dettimsnart
hguorht tinu aera fo suorop latem detaemrep rednu eht noitca fo
tinu erusserp gradient nehw eht ecnatsiser ot fluid wolf is eud ylno 2m
ot suocsiv .sessol tI is tnednepedni fo eht ytitnauq fo suorop latem
.deredisnoc
aitrenI ytilibaemrep tneiciffeoc I//( emuloV wolf etar ta hcihw a fluid fo tinu ytisned is dettimsnart
hguorht tinu aera fo suorop latem detaemrep rednu eht noitca fo
tinu erusserp gradient nehw eht ecnatsiser ot fluid wolf is eud ylno .nr
ot aitreni .sessol tI is tnednepedni fo eht ytitnauq fo suorop latem
.deredisnoc
emuloV wolf etar Q ssaM wolf etar fo eht fluid divided yb irs ytisned s/3m
Upstream erusserp erusserP naertspu fo eht tset eceip
Pl
maertsnwoD erusserp erusserP maertsnwod fo eht tset eceip 2m/N
P2
naeM erusserp P flaH eht mus fo eht maertspu dna maertsnwod serusserp
erusserP drop PA ecnereffiD neewteb eht serusserp no eht maertspu dna down-
maerts secafrus fo eht suorop tset eceip N/m*
erusserP gradient elpA erusserP drop divided yb eht ssenkciht fo suorop tset eceip 3m/N
yticoleV AI@ oitaR fo eht cirtemulov wolf etar ot eht t&t aera m/s
ytisneD e ytisneD fo eht tset fluid ta eht naem erutarepmet dna erusserp kg/m3
cimanyD ytisocsiv rl etulosbA cimanyd ytisocsiv tneiciffeoc sa denifed yb s’notweN law 2m&.N
sutarappA noitcerroc ot( be detcartbus - erusserP ecnereffid observed neewteb eht maertspu dna
from eht observed pressure drop) downstream pressure tappings when the test apparatus js desu
tuohtiw a suorop test piece in position. (It varies with the flow rate N/m2

through the apparatus and arises from venturi effects at the
pressure tappings and other causes)
Mean absolute temperature 7 Half the sum of the temperatures of the fluid at the upstream side
K
and the downstream side of the test piece
L
5 Test piece This International Standard refers to two different types of ap-
paratus suitable for determining the fluid permeability of porous
Before testing with gas, all liquid shall be removed from the test pieces.
pores of the test piece. Oil and grease shall be removed by
using a suitable solvent with the extraction method given in
6.1.1 Guard ring test head for flat test pieces
IS0 2738. The test piece shall be dried before testing.
This is a type of test apparatus which is recommended for
carrying out non-destructive testing of partial areas of flat
6 Apparatus porous sheets.
6.1 Equipment The permeable metal sheet is clamped between two pairs’ of
flexible seals. The inner pair, corresponding to the test area,
The choice of apparatus is mainly dictated by the size, shape has a mean diameter of D1. The outer pair, of mean diameter
and physical characteristics of the test piece. 02, forms a guard ring surrounding the test-area, which is

2
IS 13782 : 1993
IS0 4022 : 1987
pressurized ot tneverp side egakael from eht test aera (see The draug ring test daeh minimizes side leakage by ensuring
figure 1). The width fo eht annulus formed yb eht draug ring taht eht pressure is eht same in eht inner dna retuo chambers.
test daeh shall eb ton less naht eht thickness fo eht sheet, i.e. : On eht upperstream face fo eht test piece, this is deveihca yb
arranging taht eht port aera connecting eht reppu chambers (as
shown in figure 1) is as large as possible. On eht downstream
D2 - 4 e> face fo eht test piece, eht inner chamber leads ot a flowmeter,
2 yllausu subject ot a small kcab pressure, dna eht retuo chamber
Test fluid lfor elnmaxe air) from
adjustable pressure-control evlav
I 7Clamping force _~ , 7. evitanretlA( yrtne for test fluid)
!
I troP aera as lame as
nnssihl.-
Yrses’~- ,,,
rennI seal ’0‘( rings)
Adjustable pressure- _
equalizing evlav
Air ot Q2 1
To flowmeter
atmosphere

t
-
bT Line b Qf
v
Pb = ,P Flowmeter
D, = naeM diameter fo eht inner seals
D, = Test daeh diameter 1
zQ = Volumetric flow ,etar ta pressure ,p Q
PO = Atmospheric pressure zzl Test piece
P3 = Downstream draug ring pressure, adjusted ot eb equal ot 4
P2 - PO = Pressure pord across flowmeter *; I
Pressure pord across porous metal
PI - P2 =
Q,=Q2
Cl
/
Pa=P2 J
Line a
Figure 1 - Guard ring test head

3
IS 13782 : 1993
IS0 4022 : 1987
leads to atmosphere via a pressure-equalizing valve. This valve 6.1.2 Jig for hollow cylindrical test pieces
is adjusted to equalize the pressure in the inner and outer
chambers. The fitting of a restrictor between the test piece and The permeability of hollow cylindrical test pieces is convenient-
the flowmeter, to increase the back pressure and thus permit ly measured by clamping the cylinder axially between two flat
more stable control of the pressure-equalizing valve, is allowed. surfaces and causing the test fluid to permeate outwards
through the wall of the cylinder. An example is shown in
figure 2. The flowmeter is placed upstream of the test piece.
However, ideal&, the pressure on the downstream face of the
When clamping the porous metal cylinder under test, suffi-
test piece should be as near as possible to atmospheric
ciently flexible seals shall be used to overcome surface
pressure and a restrictor should not be used unless necessary
irregularities so as to ensure leak-free sealing.
for the adjustment of the pressure drop in the flowmeter.
Toroidal sealing rings (“0’‘-rings) are recommended for the 6.2 Test fluids
inner seals.
In the majority of cases, gases are more convenient test fluids
than liquids (see annex 8).
The seals shall be sufficiently flexible to overcome all surface
imperfections and lack of flatness of the porous metal. In some
Test gases shall be clean and dry.
instances it may be necessary to load the inner and outer seals
separately to ensure leak-free sealing. By agreement between the interested parties, liquids may be
used where the permeability with reference to a specific liquid
Two upper and two lower seals are required and these shall be is required. This liquid shalf be clean and free from dissolved
in line with each other. gases.
Clamping force Line a
-
1 1Q=,Q
Qf
L
Flowmeter ,P 1P=
Q
T
Test piece
P

Qb=Q2

Line b
Tb
Pb=P2
Seal _J
NOTE - The diameter do should be approximately equal to diameter d and the
distance h should be as small as possible to minimize the apparatus correction.

Figure 2 - Jig for testing hollow cylindrical test pieces
IS 13782 : 1993
*> IS0 4022 : 1987
‘4
7 Procedure 7.4 Measurement of pressures and temperatures
It is necessary to measure the pressure and temperature at the
7.1 Measurement of thickness and area of the
flowmeter and the test piece in order to
test piece
- correct the reading of the flowmeter;
7.1.1 Flat test pieces
- calculate the mean flow rate through the test piece;
The size of micrometer anvils shall not be larger than the size of
the surface irregularities, nor smaller than the pore size. - determine the density and the viscosity of the test fluid.
The test area is defined as that area normal to the direction of
fluid flow, and, provided that the pressure gradient is uniform,
8 Expression of results
this definition is meaningful and the test area is readily
measured.
8.1 Mean flow rate
7.1.2 Hollow cylindrical test pieces
The reading of the flowmeter Qr is corrected if it is not being
For hollow cylinders, the thickness e and the test area A are
used at its calibration pressure and temperature, by using the
given by the following relationships:
flowmeter correction factor Cr given by the manufacturer. The
‘corrected flowmeter reading Q, is given by the following equa-
20 - 4 :
>e tion
2
Q, = C, x Qf
e = D x (In 42
2 (r - I) The corrected flowmeter reading Q, is converted to the mean
flow rate Q within the porous test piece using the correction
KxDitLxlnr term C,, which can be calculated from the gas law equation:
A=
r-l
where r = $ (see figure 2)
The mean flow rate is Q = C, x Q,.
L)-d
When the wall thickness - is small-compared with d, for When tabulating data, it is convenient to use the overall correc-
2
tion factor C,:
example less than 0,l d, the thickness e and test area A are
given by the following equations: ,c = Cf x ,c
D-d
e=------- to obtain the mean flow rate Q = C, x Of.

2
x x L x (D f d) 8.2 Mean density and viscosity
A=
2
The mean pressure and the mean absolute temperature within
the test piece will enable mean density and mean viscosity to be
7.2 Measurement of pressure drop obtained from ljublished data.
The pressure drop may be determined either by measuring the
upstream and downstream pressures separately and taking the 8.3 Calculation of results
difference or by using a differential pressure gauge.
The viscous and inertia permeability coefficients are determined
The apparatus correction is obtained by using the equipment
by taking a number of simultaneous flow rate and pressure
with no test piece in place and observing the pressure drop over
drop readings. The number of flow rate readings shall be at
the required range of flow rates. The apparatus correction
least five, equally spaced within an interval of flow rate
should preferably not exceed 10 % of the pressure drop (see
readings where the highest is at least ten times greater than the
the table).
lowest.
7.3 Measurement of flow rate The results are processed using the following equation:
A primary standard for the measurement of the flow rate of the Ap x A 1 QXP 1
test fluid is preferred. The flow rate shall be corrected to the x-----+-
mean pressure and temperature of the test piece. However, a exQxr] =G Axq wv ’
standard flowmeter (previously calibrated against a primary
standard) may be more convenient to use. [see annex A, equation (211.

5