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इंटरनेट मानक Disclosure to Promote the Right To Information Whereas the Parliament of India has set out to provide a practical regime of right to information for citizens to secure access to information under the control of public authorities, in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority, and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest to the public, particularly disadvantaged communities and those engaged in the pursuit of education and knowledge, the attached public safety standard is made available to promote the timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public. “जान1 का अ+धकार, जी1 का अ+धकार” “प0रा1 को छोड न’ 5 तरफ” Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan Jawaharlal Nehru “The Right to Information, The Right to Live” “Step Out From the Old to the New” IS 13442 (1992, Reaffirmed 2002): Trichloroethylene--Code of Safety. UDC 547.413.4 : 614.8 “!ान $ एक न’ भारत का +नम-ण” Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda ““IInnvveenntt aa NNeeww IInnddiiaa UUssiinngg KKnnoowwlleeddggee”” “!ान एक ऐसा खजाना > जो कभी च0राया नहB जा सकता हहहहै””ै” Bhartṛhari—Nītiśatakam “Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen” IS 13442: 1992 mmTlf ( Reaffirmed 2002 ) ft~ CI~Cf~~~I~~l'1- tT(~T 4f~at ~ ~ Indian Standard TRICHLOROETHYLENE - CODE OF SAFETY UDe 547'413·4: 614'8 © BIS 1992 BUR E A U OF I N D I A N S TAN DAR D S MANAK BHAVAN, 9 8AHADUR SHAH lAPAR MARO NBW DELHI 110002 July 1992 Price Group 2 Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee, CHD 007 FOREWORD This Indian Standard was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft final ized by the Chemical Hazards Sectional Committee had been approved by the Chemical Division Council. Trichloroethylene ( TCE) is all impe>rtant industrial solvent used maiilly for liquid or vapour degreasing of metal parts. It is also used ( a ) as an extractant for substances of natural origin ( for example, waxes) and in food processi ng (b) as a dry-cleaning solvent ( c ) as a compo nent in rust prevention formulation and (d) in textile cleaning. I~ is narco~i~ and produce~ eNS depression, cardiac arrhythmias, dermal irritation and liver! kidney tOXICIty. However, Its chromc effects are not well documented under usual occupational exposure conditions. In the preparation of this standard assistance has been derived from the following public(ltions: a) Dangerous property of Industrial Materials - N. 1. Sax; b) NIOSH ( Jan. 1978 ) Special Occupational Hazard Review of Trichloroethylene; c) Environmental Health Criteria 50 TeE. IPes, WHO ( 1985 ); d) Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Patty, 19, ( 1981 ), Vol. 28, U.S.A. IS 13442 : 1992 Indian Standard TRICHLOROETHYLENE - CODE OF SAFETY 1 SCOPE 4.2.11 Refractive Index/( nD ) - 1·477 7 at 20"C. 1.1 This standard covers properties of trichlo 4.2.12 Viscosity ( CP) - 0 '58. roethylene. the nature of hazards associated with it and essential information on personal 4.2.13 Surface Tension - 0-029 3 N/m protective equipment, storage, handling, 4.3 Chemical Properties labelling, transport. spillage/leakage and waste disposal, fire prevention and fire fighting, 4.3.1 ] 11 the presence of oxygen and ! igh t training and health monitoring and first aid. especially U.V. radiation, TeE undergoes auto oxidation, releasing hydrogen chloride. At 1.2 This code docs not, however, deal with elevated temperatures beyond J 25°C, phosgene specifications for design of buildings, chemical g(ls is liberated. engineering plants, storage vessels, equipment for waste disposal and operations control. 4.3.2 In the presence of strong alkali for example sodium hydroxide dichloroacetylene, 2 REFERENCES an explosive, flammable and highly toxic agent may be formed. ]S 4155 : 1966 Glossary of terms relating to chemical and radiation hazards and hazardous 4.4 F ire and Explosion Hazard Properties chemicals is necessary adjunct to this standard. 4.4.1 Flash Point ( Close Cup) - 32"C' 3 TERMINOLOGY 4.4.2 Auto. . ignition Temperature - 410°C. Por the purpose of this standard defilli tion given in IS 4155 : 1966 shall apply. 4.4.3 Conditions when Explosive 4 GENERAL INFORMATION AND Trichloroethylene and sodium hydroxide pro PROPERTIES duces dichloroacetylene which is an explosive. 4.1 General Information 4.5 Corrosion Properties 4.1.1 Common Name ... - Trichlo roethylene. Tn the presence of moisture, dichJoroacetic acid and hydrochloric acid arc formed which 4.1.2 Chemical Name - Ace tylene Trichloride. are highly corrosive and reactive with many 4.1.3 Empirical Formula - CHCl = CC1:a metals. 5 HEALTH EFFECTS AND TOXICITY 4.1.4 Molecular Mass - 131·4 INFORMATION 4.2 Physical Propert;es 5.1 General 4.2.1 Physical State - Colourless liquid Trichloroethylene exposure results in visual 4.2.2 Odour - Characteristic sweet odour. disturbances, mentnl confusion, fatigue and Odour threshold limit is 50 ppm. sometimes nausea and vomiting. Degreaser's nush in which the skin of the face and arms 4.2.3 Freezing Point - Minus 86·8"C. become extremely red occurs occasionally if 4.2.4 Boiling Point -- 87"C at 100 kPa. alcohol is consumed shortly before or after exposure to Trichloro ethylene. Deliberate 4.2.5 Specific Gravity - (·46 ( 20/25°C ). inhalation of vapours often reported as addic 4.2.6 Vapour Pressure -- 57· 8 mm Hg at 20ue. tion has resulted in injury and death. 4.2.7 Vapour Density - ( air = 1 ) 4-53. 5.1 Acute Toxic Data 4.2.8 Decomposition Temperature - 700"C. 5.2.1 Oral Lethal Dose HUtnatl - 857 ppm. 5.2.2 Human Central Nervous System Effects-- 4.2.9 Solubility in Water -" 1'07 g/ I at 20"e. 160 ppm for 83 min 4.2.10 Freely soluble in ethanol, chloroform 5.2.3 Inhalatioll Human [,.ritation Effects-- and ethyl el her. 110 ppm for 8 hours. IS 13442 : 1992 5.2.4 Short Term Inhalation - 200 ppm for 30 in cardiac failure. There js damage to liver and minutes. other organs from chronic exposure. Cases have been reported but are of questionable 5.2.5 Toxicity by Ingestion - Grade 3 validity. Determination of the metabolites trichloroacetic acid and trichloroethanol in 5.2.6 Oral Lethal Dose to 50 Percent of a Speci fied Population ( Rat) - 4920 ppm urine reflects the absorption of trichloroethy~ lene. 5.2.7 Inhalation Lowest Published Lethal Concent 6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ration ( Rat) - 8 000 ppm for 4 hours 6.1 Individual protective measures should be 5.2.8 [nterperitoneal Lethal Dose tp 50 Percent r~lated to the type and level of exposure. When of a Specified Population ( Dog) - 1 900 ppm slgn!ficant sk~n contact is likely, suitable pro te~tlve cl~th.H1g. shuuld be worn, bearing in 5.2.9 Lethal Dose Concentration (Dog) - L50 mInd the Itn~ltat.lOn~ of such clothing and the ppm need to malOtalll It properly and replace it r~gularly. To control exposure th~'ough inhala 5.3 Threshold Limit Value - 50 ppm. tlOn, the usc of full masks With filters for organic vapours (basically for short-term or 5.4 Concentration Causing Eye Irritation and emergency use), self-contained breathing Skin Contact apparatus, or mask filters for line supply systems may be necessary. Self-contained Trichloroethylene is irritating to the eyes and breathing apparatus should always be available· should be washed out promptly and properly. for use in emergencies. From continued use of the material in contact with the skin, defatting can take place. produ 7 STORAGE, HANDLING AND TRANSPORT cing a rough, chopped skin which may result 7.1 Storage in erythema and possibly secondary infection. If spilled and allowed to remain may cause 7.1.1 Trichloroethylene can b\.: safely stared in smarting and reddening of skin. A much more carbon steel or stainless steel containers. It severe response would be expected when the should not be kept in alllmi nium, alumi num material is held close to the skin under tight anoy, other light metal or galvanized iron clothing. containers; plastic containers should not be used unless they arc known to be sui tahle for 5.5 Toxicity its storage. The maximum time and concentration in air 7.1.2 Storage areas should be cuo1. well-ven ti for a single exposure survived by all rats were as follows: 10 minutes at 20000 ppm, Ii h at lated; flameproof, and shielded from direct sunlight, high-temperatur~ surfaces ()r sparks. 6400 ppm and 8 hat 3 000 ppm. Deaths were primarily due to anesthesia. Inhalation of high 7.1.3 It should not be stored ncar foodstuff concentration causes nacrosis and anesthesia. strong acids, alkalis, or oxidizing agents. ' Full anesthesia waS detected at concentration of 4 800 ppm or more but not at 3 000 ppm. 7.2 Handling Hepatocarcinoma is observed in the mice. A In handling the trichloroethylene, individual highly reactive metabolite trichloroethYlene protective measures should be related to th\.: epoxide is produced during the metabolism of type and level of exposure. trichloroethylene and is likely responsible for the carcinogeni c and mutagenic activity of 7.2.1 Preclude from cxpJsurc those individuals trichlorothylene. This metabolite covalently with diseases of central nervous system, lungs, binds with cellular macromolecules, including liver and kidney. DNA. Upon review IARC (International 7.3 Transport Agency for Research 011 Cancer) classified it as a suspected carcinogen. Trichloroethy1ene This is classified as class 6.1, that is, puisonous vapour around open flames may degrade to ( Hazard) substances. According to UN CJa~si. phosgene and carbon monoxide. Acute exposure fication U. N. No. 1710, such labc\ has to be to phosgene at 10 to 15 ppm may be fatal. A displayed on containers and on vehicles while form of addiction has been observed in exposed transporting on road. Trichloroethylene con workers. Prolonged inhalation of moderate tainers should be transported jn cop\ anJ concentration causes headache and drowsiness. ventilated conditions, with earth, sand or other Fatalities folluwing severe exposure have bcen inert absorbent material to prevent it from attributl!d to ventricular fibrillation resulting spreading in case there is an accident. 2 IS 13442 : 1992 8 SPILLAGE/LEAKAGE AND WASTE 10.2 Regular medical examination for the perso. DISPOSAL nal engaged in handling trichloroethylene is advisable. Hypertension may be treated by 8.1 Spills/Leaks transfusIon. Monitoring trichloroethylene and The spilt liquid should be contained with earth, its metabolites in urine, blood and expired air sand or other inert absorbent material to will be quite useful. prevent it from spreading. If possible, remove damaged containers to an isolated and well 10.3 Use of coconut oil externally by the work ventiiated arch, preferably outside or transfer ers for smoothening theii skin to save the loss contents to another container by mechanical of skin fatty matter and associated COil tact der DumoilH!. When necessary. the contaminated matitis is suggested. Also use of barrier cream off area~ shc;uld be marked until the risk of 10 safeguard-the skin cells against solvent action dangerous concentratiollS in air has been is recommendeo. eiiminaleJ. 8.2 Disposal H.l Emergency Measures Where trichloroethylene is not recovered and r recycled, it may be disposed of by incineration. ILL 1 n thc trca tmcnt of trichlorocthy [enc Incinerators must be properly operated at a poisoning, amines should not b~ used because of or sufficiently high temperature and for an the rj~k proJucing arrhythmias in the trichlo adequate period of time, to ensure complete roethylene sensitized myocardium. combustion ami prevent formation of other 11.1.2 If necessary) al1ti·arrhythm ie and befa toxic chlorinated compounds. The incinerator blocking agcnts can be administereU. Hacmo should incorporate a suitable scrubber to dialysis, haemoperfusion or plasmapheresis have remove the breakdown acidic products. been reported to be useful. 9 FIRE PREVENTION AND FIRE FIGHTING 11.1.3 Vomiting should not be induced in case 9.1 Under normal handling temperatures, it is of ingestion because of the danger of aljpiration virtually impossible to induce an explosion into the iarynx and Jungs and consequent risks with trichloroethylene as it behaves as a non or vagal inhibition or chemical pncumfonitis. flammahle substance. It should not be exposed Gastric lavage can be: effective if perormed Lo temperatures cxcccuing 130"C. Containcrs within 4 h. Adsorbents such as activated char of trichloroethylene exposed to fire should he ~oal <?r liquid paraffin ( medicinal grade) reduce cooled by sprinkling with water. It produces 1I1testlnal abS~)fpLion; saline laxatives will speed phosgene, hydrochloric acid and carbon elimination. If the patient is in a state of stupor monoxide at temperatures above 40QoC in the or coma, intubation shalt be p!:rformed before presence of atmospheric air. gastric lavage. 9.2 Non-stabilised trichloroethylene can react 11.2 Skm Contact violently with aluminium ( especially in the form of dust or fillings) giving of hydrog~i1 (.;h101'id(; All contaminated clothing should be rcmovcd and hexachlorobutene vapour. Not all stabili and the affected parts of the body washed sers are dTective in preventing the reaction with thoroughly with soap and plenty of water. aluminium; therefore, a suitably stabilised pro duct should be used when cleaning aluminium 11.3 Eye Contact particles are present. The eye~ should b,~ thC)!'I)Ughly irrigated with 10 TRAINING AND HEALTH MONlTORING water for at least 15 min and ophthalmological a,Jvisc obtained on the possible need for further 10.1 Occupational safety depends on awareness treatmen L. amollgst employee, the safety measurcs and their implementation. Regular training classes should 11.4 If ~hallowed, wash the stomach, followed be conducted to educate the workers in safe hy saline (';<.llhorsis. Give oxyg~n if ind ica ted. handling of the compound. No adrenaline. 3 Standard Mark The use of the Standard Mark is governed by the provisions of the Bureau o/Indlan Standards Act 1986 and the Rules and Regulations made thereunder. The Standard Mark t on products covered by an Indian Standard conveys the assW"ance that they have been produced to comply with the requirements of that standard under a well defined system of inspection, testing and quality control which is devised and supervised by BIS and operated by the producer. 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