IS 13302: Rough Terrain Fork-Lift Trucks - Stability Test

18 Pages·2003·1.3 MB·English

by  Bureau of Indian Standards

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IS 13302 (2003): Rough Terrain Fork-Lift Trucks - Stability
Test [TED 22: Transport Tractors and Trailers]
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Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda
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IS 13302:2003
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Indian Standard
ROUGH TERRAIN FORK-LIFT TRUCKS —
STABILITY TESTS
(First Revision)
ICS 53.060

0 BIS 2003
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

September 2003 Price Group 6
[ndustria[ Trucks Sectional Committee, TED 23
FOREWORD
This lndian Standard (First Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalized by
the [ndustrial Trucks Sectional Committee had been approved by the Transport Engineering Division Council.
In this standard the following technical changes have been incorporated:
a) Normal operating conditions of truck are explained in detail;
b) Verification procedure is included;
c) Lateral test procedure isgiven separately; and
d) Stability test for trucks with offset loads is included,
This sti]ndard was first published in 1992. The rev,ision was undertaken to align itwith ISO 8379: 1998 ‘Rough
terrain trucks — Stability tests’ issued by the International Organization for Standardization.
The composition of the Committee responsible for formulation of this standard isgiven at Annex A.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with the final value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance with
IS 2: 1960 ‘Rules for rounding off numerical values (revi.se~’. The number of significant places retained in the
rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value inthis standard.
1S 13302:2003
Indian Standard
ROUGH TERRAIN FORK-LIFT TRUCKS—
STABILITY TEST
(First Revision)
1SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION IS No. Title
1.1 This standard specifies the basic tests to verify the 11113:1999 Earth-moving machinery, and
stability of rough terrain trucks with arated load up to tractors and machinery for agricul-
and including 10 000 kg and rough terrain variable ture and forestry — Seat index point
reach trucks. (second revision)
1.2 It is applicable to the above trucks: 3 TERMINOLOGY
a) with a seated operator; For the -purpose of this standard, the terms and
b) fitted with fork arms or attachments; definitions as given in IS 4660 shall apply.
c) with fixed or articulated chassis;
4 CONDITIONS OF VALIDITY
d) which may have stabilizers, axle-locking or
4.1 Normal Operating Conditions
frame-levelling devices;
e) with two-or four-wheel or articulated steering The basic tests specified in this standard ensure that a
systems; rough terrain truck demonstrates satisfactory stability
f) with lmastswith or without tilt mechanisms; and when reasonably and appropriately used under normal
conditions, as given below:
~) with non-s lewing booms or having slewing
movement not greater than 5° either side of the a) Nlasted trucks, stacking with the mast
longitudinal centre-plane. approximately vertical and the fork arms
reasonably horizontal, on substantially firm,
1.3 It applies to rough terrain (rider-controlled) fork- smooth, level and prepared surfaces;
lift trucks with a rated capacity up to and including
b) Variable reach trucks, stacking with a
10000 kg, Italso applies to trucks operating under the
combination of boom elevation/ extension and
same conditions when equipped with load-handling
the fork arms reasonably horizontal, on
attachments.
substantially firm, smooth, level and prepared
surfaces;
1.4 This standard does not apply tot rucks when adapted

for use as mobile cranes, or when hand ling suspended c) Traveling with the mast or fork arms tilted

loads which may swing freely. Italso does not apply to rearwards and the load inthe lowered (traveling)
four-wheel-steer trucks with a steered wheel angle position on unimproved natural terrain and
g-eater than 30°. disturbed terrain areas; where applicable, any
reaching/telescopic mechanism is to be fully
2 REFERENCES retracted;
d) Operating with the load centre of gravity
The following standards contain provisions which
approximately on the longitudinal centre plane
through reference in this text, constitute provisions of
of the truck;
this standard. At the time of publication, the editions
indicated were valid. All standards are subject to e) Masted trucks, manoeuvring an elevated load
revision and parties to agreements based on this with the mast neither tilted r~arwards more than
standard are encouraged to investigate the possibility 10°nor the ce.ntreofgravity ofthe load displaced
of applying the most recent editions of the standards rearwards more than 600 mm; and
indicated below: f) Variable reach trucks, manoeuvring an elevated
load with the fork arms tilted rearwards.
IS No. Title
4.2 Operating Conditions—Other Than Normal
4660:1993 Powered industrial trucks—
Term inology (third revision) When the operating conditions differ from those stated
7552:2003 Industrial trucks operating in in 4.1 use either:
special condition of stacking with a) A truck complying with other Indian
mast tilted forward —Additional Standard(s) covering the different conditions
stabi Iity tests (first revision) (for example IS 7552), or

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IS 13302:2003
b) Atruckwhose stability performance is agreed each of the truck positions, the piatform wall be tilted
upon between the interested parties. This slowly and smoothly to the slope indicated in Table 1.
performance shall not be less than that required The truck is considered stable, if itpasses a!l the tests
by the test specified for normal operating without overturning.
conditions in 4.1.
For the purpose ofthese tests, overturning isdefined as
5 STABILITY TESTS the test platform slope value which, ifincreased, causes
overturning of the truck.
s.1 Specification of Tests
5.2.1.2 It is permissible in the lateral tests for one of
The stability of rough terrain trucks shall be verified
the load wheels to lose contact with the test platform
by means of one of the procedures described in 5.2.
and it is acceptable for parts of the structure or other
designed features to make contact with the test
5.2 Verification Procedure
platform.
5.2.1 Tilting Platform
5.2.1.3 The momentum gained by a truck adopting a
5.2.1.1 A testplatform which can be tilted about one change in attitude is additive to that produced by the
side shall be used. The truck under test shall be placed tilting platform and overturning of the truck caused by
onthe platform, which isinitially inthe horizontal plane, the added momentum, is to be taken as evidence of
sequentially in the positions described in Table 1. For instability at that slope angle.
Table 1 Stability Tests
(Clauses 5.2.1.1,5.2.2.1,5.3.2.1 and5.3.4.1)
Test No. TestsforLongitudinalStability Testsfor Lateral Stability
2 3 4 5
rest ot’stability
When Stacking Traveling Stacking Traveling Stacking
Test load Without Without Without Without Without
Lift height, Least stable Lowered Least stable Iitling and Lowered Maximum and
variable reach lifting and reach (see5.3.7) reachcombination with (see5.3.7) minimum boom
combination with fork arm in horizontal extension at
fork arm in position with respectto maximum boom
horizontal position the truck longitudinal angle
axis

Lift height, Maxilmcrm lift Lowered and Maximum lift height, Lowered and Maximum Iitl
inclination of height with maximum and also maximum maximum height and
mast mastvertical backward tilt backward tilt, or 10° backward tilt maximum
(see5.3.5.1) (see5.3.7) backward tilt or (see5.3.7) backward tilt
600mm rearward (see5.3.9)
displacement of the
load centre of gravity,
whichever is lower
($ee5.3.9)
—
Load centre D oftestload D oftestload Doftestload
distance
Stabilizer With andwithout Without With andwithout Without Without
device and/or
axle locking
Correction for Withoot Without With Withoot Without
lateral tilt
4
Truck position Figure 1(a)or l(b), Figure 6(a) or Figure 2(a) or2(b), Figure 5(a) or 5(b), Figure 5(c) or
:ind on tes and I(c), l(d) or 6(b) and 6(c) and2(c), 2(d), 2(e), andFig. 2(c), 2(d) 5(d) andFig.2(c),
platform I(e] or6(d) 2(9 or2(g) or2(e) 2(d) or2(e)
Slope of test 7% 22!4 12V0 10’%0
platform
I
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IS 13302:2003
5.2.2 Fised Slope of the truck with the axis of this axle [see Fig.
2(c), 2(d) and 2(~];
5.2.2.1 Fixed slopes, with inclinations equivalent to
the prescribed test slopes, shall be used. The slope b) Fortrucks with articulated chassis; the projection
surface shall be smooth and capable of supporting the onto the test platform of the intersection of the
truck mass with no deformation likely to affect the test longitudinal centre plane EF of rear chassis
results. The truck under test shall be driven onto the module and the axis of the rear axle when fully
fixed slopes and positioned according to Table 1.For articulated [see Fig. 2(e)]; and
each of the truck positions, the load shall be elevated c) For trucks with axle locking; the centre point af
slowly and smoothly to the height indicated inTable 1. the area of contact between the test platform and
the rear wheel nearest the tilting axis [see Fig.
5.2.3 Calculation
2(g)].
5.2.3.1 Compliance with the specified stability values
5.3.3 Test Load
may be determined by calculation methods verfied by
empirical data. Such calculated capacities shall take into
5.3.3.1 The test load shall be amass equivalent to the
account manufacturing variations and deflections ofthe
maximum load Q, as indicated on.the information plate
boom and tyres, etc. ofthe truck, which the truck can elevate to itsmaximum
lift height acting through the centre of gravity, G,
5.3 Test Conditions
nominally positioned at the standard load centre
5.3. I Condi~icw of the Truck distance, D, both horizontally from the front face of
the fork arm shank and vertically from the upper face
5.3.1.1 The tests shall be carried out on an operational
of the fork arm blade (see Fig. 3 and Table 2).
truck. The operator shall be represented by an object
having a mass of 90 kg if the stability during a test is Table 2 Standard Load Distance Centres
thereby decreased. The centre of gravity of the object (Clause 5.3.3. 1)
shall be secured 150 mm above the seat index point
(SIP), asdetermined inaccordance withIS11113, with MetricUnits Imperial Units
the seat at mid-point ofthe adjustments provided. Fuel Load Load Load Load
tanks of engined trucks shall be full, if stability is Centre Centre
thereby reduced; all other tanks shall be filled to their Distance Distance
Q D Q D
correct operating levels. Tyres shall be inflated to their
kg mm lb in
correct pressure specified by the truck manufacturer.
Where tyre ballast is incorporated in the truck design, 1000 s Qs 4999 500
the use of ballast shall be in accordance with the truck Q s 22000 24
5000< Q<10000 600
manufacturer’s instructions.
5.3.2 Position of the Truck on the Platform 5.3.3.2 When additional lift heights, loads and load

centre distances are to be indicated on the information
5.3.2.1 For Tests 1and 2 (~ee Table 1 ),,the truck shall
plate, the truck shall meet the requirements established
be placed on the test platform so that the load axle is
bythe tests specified inthis standard for these additional
parallel to the tilt axis, Al’, of the test platform [see
ratings.
Fig I(c), 2(d) and 2(e)]. Stabilizers oraxle locking may
only be used for Tests 1and 3. For Tests 3,4 and 5(see 5.3.3.3 The centre of gravity, G, of the test load (see
Table l). The truck shall be positioned on the test Fig. 3) shall be located inthe longitudinal centre plane,
platform in aturning position with line MN parallel to AB, of the truck [see Figs. 1(c), 1(d) and 1(e), and 6(c)
the tilt axis, XY, of the test platform [see Figs. 2(c) to and 6(d)].
2(0]. Trucks positioned as shown in Figs. 2(c), (d), (~
5.3.4 Location of the Truck on the Platform
and (g) shall have the steer wheel nearest tothe tilt axis
parallel with the tilt axis.
5.3.4.1 The truck shall be positioned in accordance
5.3.2.2 Lateral stability tests shall be conducted tothe with table of tests (see Table 1).The initial position of
side of the truck which isthe least stable. Point Nis the the truck onthe test platform shall be maintained during
centre point of the area of contact between the test each test. This may be achieved by application of the
platform surface and the front wheel or the stabilizer parking or service brakes, which maybe secured inthe
contact pad nearest the tilting axis [see Figs. 2(c) to ‘on’ position, orbywedging the wheels against the truck
2(g)]. frame, ensuring however that articulation isnot affected.
Blocks (chocks) having a maximum height not
s,3.2.3 Point M isdefined as follows: exceeding the value indicated in Table 3 may be used,
a) For trucks having an oscillating steering axle: ifnecessary, tomaintain the initial position of the truck
the projection onto the test platform of the on the te-stplatform. Block (chocks), if used, shall not
intersection of the longitudinal centre-plane AB artificially improve stability. Stabilizers or axle

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IS 13302:2003
locking may only be used for Tests I and 3. The 5.3.7 Lift Height for Tests Simulating Travel
coefficient of friction of the platform surface may be
For tests simulating travel, that is, Tests 2 and 4, the
increased, if necessary by an appropriate friction
upper face of the fork arms, measured at the heels of
increasing material.
the fork arms when fully tilted rearward, shall be
Table3 Height of Blocks positioned approximately 500 mm from the test
(C/ause 5.3.4. I) platform [see Fig. 5(a) 5(b), 6(a) and 6(b)].
‘lyre outside IleightofBlocks 5.3.8 Lateral Test Procedure
Diameter (Chocks),Max
c1 Lateral tests shall be conducted to the side to which the
min 11m1 truck isleast stable. For trucks with operator-selectable
d< 25o 25 stabilizers, or axle locking, Test 3 shall be conducted
both with stabilizers and axle lock engaged and
250< ds 500 0.1 d
disengaged. For trucks fitted with operator-selectable
d> 500 50 stabilizers ofchassis levelling, test 3may be performed
with amaximum of 7percent (4°) of lateral correction
5.3.5 Position of the Fron~ Face of the Fork Arm [see Fig. 2(a), 2(b) and 2(t)].
Shunks
5.3.9 Lateral Stacking Test (Unladen)
5.3.5.1 Fortrucbjtte dwi[htnasts
5.3.9.1 The unladen lateral stacking tests for roasted
Test I shall be conducted with the horizontal position trucks shall be conducted at maximum backward tilt.
ofa load datum point, E, unchanged when elevated from For variable reach trucks, tests shall be conducted at
itslowered position [see Fig4(c)]. Bymeans ofaplumb maximum and minimum boom extension, atmaximum
line or other suitable equipment, set the mast vertical, boom angle.
elevate the fork and the specified test load to
5.3.10 Safety Precautions
approximately 500 mm above the test platform. With
the front face of the fork arm shank vertical, establish a 5.3.10.1 Precautions shall be taken to prevent the
point E [see Fig. 4(a)] on the fork or fork carrier, overturning ofthe truck or displacement ofthe test load
having a fixed relationship to the centre of gravity of during the course ofthe test. Ifthe means for preventing
the test load G (see Fig 3). Point E shall be used to the total overturning ofthe truck consist ofrope lashing
provide a reference datum F on the test platform [(see or chain, this shall be sufficiently slack to impose no
Fig. 4(a)]. When the mast is elevated, a new point F] appreciable restriction on the truck until the overturning
on the test platform may occur [see Fig. 4(b)]. By the isreached.
following adjustments, this new point FI can be
returned to the original location of F [see Fig,.4(c)], as 5.3.10.2 Displacement of the test load shall be
follows: prevented by means such as:

a) For trucks with tiltable m asts, changes in the a) firmly securing the test load to the carrier or
location of FI shall be corrected by varying the equivalent structure;
tilt of the mast within the limits provided by the b) suspending the test load near the ground from
desig,n of the truck. an approp~ate support placed on th=fork sothat
b) For trucks with fixed masts, adjustments in the the suspension point is at the point where the
fork arms or fork carrier tilt (where provided) centre ofgravity G(Fig. 3) ofthe test load would
may be used to correct for changes in location be ifthe test load were to be place on the fork.
of point F1 within the limits of tilt provided by
6 STABILITY TESTS FOR TRUCKS WITH
the design of the truck.
ATTACHMENTS
c) For truck having non-tiltab]e masts, fork arms,
Trucks fitted with attachments shall be subjected to the
or fork carrier, adjustments cannot be made.
same stability tests, except where the attachment can
5.3.5.2 Trucks with variable reach mechanism bring the centre of gravity of the load out of the
longitudinal centre plane AB of the truck [see Fig.
Tests I and 3 shall be conducted with the load in the
1(c),1(d) and 1(e)] (see 7for this case). For verification
least stable combination of lift and reach, asdetermined
of the vertical position of the mast, a reference point
by the manufacturer [see Fig. I(b) and 2(b)].
having a fixed relationship to the centre of gravity of
5.3.6 Trucks with Selectable Stabilizers anaYor Axle the test load G (see Fig. 3) shall be chosen. The test
Locking load shall be the nominal load at the nominal centre
distance specified for the attachment when used on the
Tests 1and 3 shall be conducted both with stabilizers truck being tested. The lift heights required inthe tests
engaged and disengaged [see Fig. 1(f) and 2(fi]. shall be measured between the surface of the tilting

4
IS 13302:2003
platform andtheunderside of the load or attachment gravity of the load from the longitudinal centre plane
whichever is the lower. of the truck, an addhional stability is required.
7 STABILITY TESTS FOR TRUCKS WITH OFF
SET-LOADS
Where the load or attachment offsets the centre of

5