irrigation performance assessment of jurala project command area using remote sensing and gis PDF
Preview irrigation performance assessment of jurala project command area using remote sensing and gis
IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF JURALA PROJECT COMMAND AREA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS BY T. L. NEELIMA M.Sc. (Ag.) THESIS SUBMITTED TO ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILISOPHY IN AGRICULTURE (AGRONOMY) CHAIRPERSON: Dr. M. DEVENDER REDDY DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE ACHARYA N. G. RANGA AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY RAJENDRANAGAR, HYDERABAD-500 030 2011 DECLARATION I, Mrs T.L. NEELIMA, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF JURALA PROJECT COMMAND AREA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS” submitted to the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Agriculture is the result of original research work done by me. I also declare that no material contained in the thesis has been published earlier in any manner. Place: Hyderabad (T.L. NEELIMA) Date: I.D No. RAD/07 - 01 i i CERTIFICATE Mrs. T.L. NEELIMA has satisfactorily prosecuted the course of research and that the thesis entitled “IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF JURALA PROJECT COMMAND AREA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS” submitted is the result of original research work and is of sufficiently high standard to warrant its presentation to the examination. I also certify that neither the thesis nor its part thereof has been previously submitted by her for a degree of any university. Date: (M. DEVENDER REDDY) Chairperson ii i CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “IRRIGATION PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT OF JURALA PROJECT COMMAND AREA USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS” submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of ‘Doctor of philosophy in Agriculture’ of the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University, Hyderabad is a record of the bonafied original research work carried out by Mrs. T.L. NEELIMA our guidance and supervision. No part of the thesis has been submitted for any other degree or diploma. The published and all assistance and help received during the course of the investigations has been duly acknowledged by the author of the thesis. Thesis approved by the Student’s Advisory Committee Chairperson : (Dr M. DEVENDER REDDY) Director Water Technology Center College of Agriculture Rajendranagar Hyderabad – 500030 Member : (Dr K. V. Ramana) Scientist “F” Agrl. Division National Remote Sensing Centre Balanagar Hyderabad. Member : (Dr V. RAMULU) Senior scientist (Agronomy) Water Technology Center College of Agriculture Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030 Member : (Dr M. UMA DEVI) Principal Scientist (Soil Science and Agril. Chemistry) Water Technology Center College of Agriculture Rajendranagar, Hyderabad – 500030 External Examiner of final viva-voce: Date of final viva-voce: iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I deem it as a great pleasure to express my heart felt gratitude and respect to the Chairman of advisory committee, Dr M. Devender Reddy, Director, Water Technology Center, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar for his meticulous guidance, untiring interest and well timed suggestions right from the inception till the completion of my Doctoral degree. I am indeed greatly indebted for the encouragement and cooperation extended by him. I sincerely extend my profound gratitude to the member of my Advisory Committee, Dr K. V. Ramana, Scientist (F), Agril. Division, National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Balanagar, Hyderabad. His magnanimous attitude, meticulous guidance, constructive criticism, transcendent suggestions, kind treatment and constant encouragement have instilled in me the spirit of confidence and deep sense of respect and gratitude. His specialization in the field of remote sensing, image analysis, timely suggestions helped me to bring out this valuable and fabulous document. Dr M.V.R. Sesha Sai, Head, Division of Agriculture and Dr R.S. Dwivedi, Group Director, Agriculture and Soils, NRSC, Hyderabad for their support and encouragement which helped to me to complete the task. Thanks are also due to Dr V. Ramulu, Senior Scientist (Agro), Dr. M. Uma Devi, Principal Scientist, (Soil science and Agricultural Chemistry), Dr. K. Avil Kumar, Senior Scientist (Agronomy), Water Technology Centre, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, ANGRAU, for their inspiring suggestions and wholehearted cooperation in laboratory analysis work, valuable suggestions during execution of research work. I sincerely extend my profound gratitude to Dr A. Sreenivasa Raju, Head, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Dr V. Praveen Rao, Professor, and other staff members, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar for their support and guidance during the course and research work. I don’t get words to express my heartful regards from my inner core of heart to my husband Dr A.V. Ramanjaneyulu, Scientist (Agro), RARS, Palem without whose encouragement and support, my dream of becoming Doctorate would have not seen light of the day. I express enormous love and affection to my two and half year old beloved son Anumula Nikhilesh and my sweet little daughter Chinnari for co-operating with me while pursuing my studies. v Diction is not enough, alphabets are insufficient and words fall short to express my adoration to my parents Sri T. Madhusudhan Rao and T. Nagalakshmi Subhashini who stood by my side in sorrow, joy alike and empowered me with jolly, gumption and inestimable encouragement and who are omnipresent in my life. I also extend thanks to my mother-in-law Smt A. Pushpavathamma and father-in-law Late Sri A. Ratnaiah Setty who allowed me for pursuing Doctoral Degree immediately after marriage in spite of many family problems I also convey many thanks to Sri C. Muralidhar, Chief Engineer, Sri B. Prakash Goud, Superintendent Engineer, Sri S.V. Venu Gopal, Deputy Executive Engineer, Sri H.T. Sridhar, Deputy Executive Engineer and Sri Nazeer Ahmed, Work inspector and other supporting staff members, Priyadarshini Jurala Project (PJP), Mahabubnagar dist., for extending co-operation by providing command area maps, data on water discharges and site selection etc., Thanks are due to Smt. Ch. Anitha, Agriculture Officer, Gadwal who helped me in execution of crop cut experiments during the course of investigation. I also extend my sincere thanks to Senior Research Fellows (SRFs) of WTC viz., Swapna, Sudha and Vamsi who helped me in laboratory work. I also thank supporting staff, Water Technology Centre, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, ANGRAU for their kind co-operation. I humbly thank authorities of Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University and Government of Andhra Pradesh for the financial help in the form of fellowship during my study period and Niche Area of Excellence sponsored by Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) for extending external funding for this novel research work. I wish to extend my thanks to one and all who have contributed even in a small way in completion of my Doctor of Philosophy degree in the field of Agronomy. (T.L. NEELIMA) v i LIST OF CONTENTS Chapter Title Page No. No. I INTRODUCTION 1-5 II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 6-34 III MATERIAL AND METHODS 35-68 IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 69-123 V SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 124-131 LITERATURE CITED 132-145 APPENDICES 146-194 vi i LIST OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS $ : Dollar % : Per cent & : And @ : At the rate of µm : Micro meter 0C : Degree Centigrade -1 : Per a.i. : Active ingredient AET : Actual Evapotranspiration AgRISTARS : Agriculture and Resources Inventory Surveys Through Aerospace Remote Sensing ANGRAU : Acharya N.G. Ranga Agricultural University AP : Andhra Pradesh ARIMA Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average ARISE : Agricultural Resources Inventory and Survey Experiments AVHRR : Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer AWADVI : Area weighted average normalized difference AWAR : Area weighted average radiance ratio AWiFs : Advanced wide field sensor B:C ratio : Benefit cost ratio BD : Bulk density BES : Bureau of Economics and Statistics C/N : carbon to nitrogen ratio CAPE : Crop Acreage and Production Estimation CCA : Culturable command area CCE : crop cutting experiments cd : Critical difference CGR : Crop growth rate cm : Centimeter cm3 : Cubic centimeter CO : carbon dioxide 2 cv : Cultivar CWD : Crop water deficit DAS : Days after sowing DAT : Days after transplanting DES : Directorate of Economics and Statistics df : Depleted fraction DMP : Dry matter production DOA : Department of Agriculture DOS : Department Of Space dS/m : Deci Siemens per meter DST : Department of Science and Technology EARAS : Reporting of Agricultural Statistics Scheme EC : Electrical Conductivity et al. : and others ETp : Potential Evapotranspiration FAO : Food and Agriculture Organization FASAL : Forecasting Agricultural Output Using Space, Agro - meteorology and Land vi ii FCC : False Colour Composite Fig. : Figure FYM : Farm yard manure g : Grams G : Granule g kg-1 : Gram per kilogram GB : Giga Byte GCP : Ground Control Points GDP : Gross domestic product GEOSS : Global Earth Observation System of Systems GIS : Geographic Information System GM : Green manure GPS : Global Positioning System GVI : Greenness Vegetation Index ha m-3 : Hectare per cubic meter ha-1 : Per hectare HI : Harvest index Hill-1 : Per hill Hr-1 : per hour Hrs : Hours i.e. : Which is to say; in other words IASRI : Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute IBSNAT : International Benchmark Sites Network for Agrotechnology Transfer ICAR : Indian Council of Agricultural Research ID crop : Irrigable Dry crop II : Irrigation intensity IR : Infrared IRRI : International Rice Research Institute IRS : Indian Remote Sensing Satellite ISRO : Indian Space Research Organization ITPM : Index time product moment IWMI : International Water Management Institute JPEG : Joint Photographic Experts Group K : Potassium K O : Potash 2 Kg : Kilogram Kg ha-1 : Kilogram per hectare Kg m3 : Kilograms per cubic meter Kg ha-1 : Kilograms per hectare Kg-1 : per kilogram KJ m-2 d-1 : Kilo Joules per square meter per day km h-1 : kilometers per hour KMnO : Potassium Permanganate 4 kmph : Kilometer per hour kPa : Kilopascal KWD : Krishna Western Delta LACA : Large Area Crop Acreage LACIE : Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment LAD : leaf area duration LAI : Leaf Area Index LBC : Left Bank Canal LISS : Linear Imaging and self scanner ix LMC : Left main canal M ha : Million hectares M s-1 : meter per second M.ha.m : Million hectare meters m-2 : per square metre m3 : Cubic meter MACROS : Modules of an Annual Crop Simulator max. : Maximum min. : Minimum MIR : Middle Infrared MLC : Maximum likelihood classification mm : milli meter mm day-1 : millimeter per day NASA : National Aeronautics and Space Administration NBSS&LUP : National Bureau of Soil Science and Land Use Planning NCFC : National Crop Forecasting Centre NDVI : Normalised Difference Vegetation Index NDWI : Normalized Difference Wetness Index NESAC : North-Eastern Space Application Centre NH : Ammonia 3 NIR : Near Infrared Radiation nm : Nano meter No. : Number NOAA : National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NWMP : National Water Management Project OC : Organic Carbon OCR : Overall consumption rate P : Page P or P O : Phosphorus 2 5 Panicle-1 : Per panicle Pe : Effective Rainfall PET : Potential Evapotranspiration pH : Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion activity PI : Panicle initiation PJP : Priyadarsini Jurala project Pp : Pages ppm : Parts per million RADARSAT : Radio detection and ranging satellite RAM : Random access memory RBC : Right Bank Canal RDF : Recommended dose of fertilizer RET : Relative evapotranspiration RH : Relative humidity RMC : Right main canal RMSE : Root Mean Squared Error Rs : Rupees RS : Remote sensing Rs ha-1 : rupees per hectare RVI : Ratio vegetation Index RWS : Relative Water Supply SAC : Space Application Centre SAR : Synthetic Aperture Radar x
Description:The list of books you might like
