Iron and Steel: Class, Race, and Community in Birmingham, Alabama, 1875-1920 PDF
Preview Iron and Steel: Class, Race, and Community in Birmingham, Alabama, 1875-1920
IRON AND STEEL This page intentionally left blank HENRY M. MCKIVEN JR. IUOÏV Class, Race, and Community in AND Birmingham, Alabama, 1875-1920 STEEL The University of North Carolina Press | Chapel Hill & London © 1995 The University of North Carolina Press All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data McKiven, Henry M. Iron and steel : class, race, and community in Birmingham, Alabama, 1875- 1920 / by Henry M. McKiven, Jr. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8078-2188-8 (cloth: alk. paper).— ISBN 0-8078-4524-8 (paper: alk. paper) i. Iron and steel workers—Alabama—Birmingham— History. 2. Afro-American iron and steel workers— Alabama—Birmingham—History. I. Title. 1108039.152U573 :995 331.7'669142'09761781—dc2o 94-27198 CIP 99 98 97 96 95 5 4 3 21 THIS BOOK WAS DIGITALLY PRINTED. CONTENTS Acknowledgments xi Introduction ι ι The Creation of Birmingham and the Problem of Labor 7 2 Skilled Work, White Workers 23 3 Unskilled Work, Black Workers 41 4 Life Away from Work, 1880-1900 55 5 Workers and Politics, 1880-1894 77 6 The Open Shop City 89 7 Remaking the Working Class 113 8 Life Away from Work, 1900-1920 133 9 Workers and Politics, 1894-1920 153 Conclusion 167 Notes 173 Bibliography 203 Index 219 This page intentionally left blank TABLES AND MAPS TABLES 45 3.1. Unskilled Iron Workers by Race 64 4.1. Household Structure, 1880-1900 66 4.2. Household Structure by Age of Household Head, 1900 67 4.3. Mean Household Expenditures, Household Income, and Annual Balances by Age of Household Head 68 4.4. Sources of Income by Age of Household Head 96 6.1. Occupational Structure, Iron and Steel Industry, Birmingham, 1880-1917 122 "j.i. Racial Segregation in Selected Skilled Occupations, Birmingham, 1917-1918 123 7.2. Race and Occupational Level, Iron and Steel Industry, Birmingham, 1917-1918 124 7.3. Race and Occupational Level for Selected Companies, Birmingham, 1917-1918 142 8.1. Household Structure, 1910 and 1920 143 8.2. Household Structure by Age of Household Head, 1910 144 8.3. Household Structure by Age of Household Head, 1920 MAPS 58 4.1. Birmingham, 1883-1890 62 4.2. Birmingham District, 1898-1917 This page intentionally left blank ILLUSTRATIONS ii Iron works at Ironton 57 Company housing at Ironton 73 Saloon popular with Birmingham's workers 92 Henderson Company 93 Henderson's first heat of steel 94 Open hearth building at TCI'S Ensley Plant 95 Cranes carry a heat of molten steel to molds
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