¥ al * ‘ ) ‘ a4 ho y PPtr aaata oasr)r llieie lc eeea iem vikm r w neh. IRISH COMMUNITIES IN EARLY-MODERN EUROPE IN THIS SERIES Thomas O’Connor (ed.), The Irish in Europe, 1580-1815 Thomas O’Connor & Mary Ann Lyons (eds), rish migrants in Europe after Kinsale, 1602-1820 Thomas O’Connor & Mary Ann Lyons (eds), [rish communities in early- modern Europe Irish Communities in Early-Modern Europe Thomas O’Connor & Mary Ann Lyons Editors pe fel FOUR COURTS PRESS Set in 10.5 on 12.5 point Ehrhardt for FOUR COURTS PRESS LTD 7 Malpas Street, Dublin 8, Ireland e-mail: [email protected] and in North America FOUR COURTS PRESS c/o ISBS, 920 NE 58th Avenue, Suite 300, Portland, OR 97213 © The various contributors and Four Courts Press 2006 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library ISBN (10-digit) 1-85182-993-8 ISBN (13-digit) 978-185 182-9934 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise), without the prior written permission of both the copyright owner and the publisher of this book. Printed in Great Britain by MPG Books, Bodmin, Cornwall Contents LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Vil - ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS xi INTRODUCTION I Apotheosis and crisis: the Irish diaspora in the age of Choiseul L.M. Cullen The Counter-Reformation and Franco-Irish solidarity: Irish clerical refugees at the universities of Toulouse and Cahors in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries 32 Patrick Ferté Etudiants et professeurs irlandais dans les universités de Toulouse et de Cahors (X VIe -XVIlle siécles): les limites de la mission irlandaise 69 Patrick Ferté The Irish in France 1660-90: the point of no return 85 Eamon O Ciosain Rivalry and reform in the Irish College, Paris, 1676-1775 103 Liam Chambers L’insertion des réfugiés jacobites dans la société francaise du dix-huitiéme siécle 130 Patrick Clarke de Dromantin Andrew MacDonagh: the Irish Monte-Cristo 145 Pierre FJoannon Last flight of the Wild Geese? Bonaparte’s Irish Legion, 1803-15 160 Thomas Bartlett Irish migration and exiles in Spain: refugees, soldiers, traders and statesmen 172 Maria Begona Villar Garcia The réle of Castilian royal bureaucracy in the formation of IO early-modern Irish literacy 200 Ciaran O’Scea Vi Contents Irish émigré group strategies of survival, adaptation and integration Il in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Spain 240 Oscar Recio Morales Irish clerics in Madrid, 1598-1665 267 12 Enrique Garcia Hernan Irish political activity in Spain during the Restoration 294 13 Igor Pérez Tostado 14 Varieties of Irishness in eighteenth-century Seville: Wisemans and Whites 312 Martin Murphy 15 The Victorians, the Americans and the decline of Spain 322 Ciaran Brady 16 Irish entrepreneurs and Sweden in the first half of the eighteenth century 348 Steve Murdoch The Ray dynasty: Irish mercantile empire builders in Ostend, 17 1690-1790 367 Jan Parmentier 18 Irish translation in continental Europe, 1630-60 383 Charles Dillon 19 Irish diplomatic missions to Rome during the 1640s 395 Tadhg O hAnnrachain 20 Nathaniel Hooke (1664-1738) and the French embassy to Saxony, 1711-12 409 Thomas Byrne Irish involvement in the ‘surprise of Cremona’, 1702 429 21 Eoghan O hAnnrachain 22 Seventeenth-century Ireland and Scotland and their wider worlds 457 Jane Ohlmeyer INDEX 485