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Irina Holdevici - Psihoterapia anxietatii PDF

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Preview Irina Holdevici - Psihoterapia anxietatii

IRINAH OLDEVICI PSIHOTERAPIA ANXIETATII Abordari cognitiv-comportamentale EdituDruaa lT ech BUCUREST2I0,0 2 Editoloanr :Al bescu Pentruc omenzia dresatil-aCv Pi5- 144,B ucuretti Toatder eptuSrlIDitlre ez ervateR.e producsearutrane sami tere� chi�ari fra gmentad, indifedreef notnn as aumi jloc, estpermies a nwnaic ua cordsuclr a1i se ditorului. I.S.B.N.973-85525-2-4 CUPRINS Cuvanti nainte 7 . . . . . . . . . .... . .. . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . Introducere. .............................. 9 . . Cap.1 .T eorcioagn iti�vima o delIeea nxietatii 17 . . . .. . Cap2.. E volutpisai hoterapiei . cognitiv-comportame.nt..a.l.e. .......2 .8 Cap.3 .E valuainre tae rapia cognitiv-comportamentala 37 . .. . . . . Cap4.. M etodceo mportamentaldee p sihoterapie a tulburarianxliooras e . . . . . . . ..7 3. . . . . . . . . . Cap5.. A spectceolgnei tive alpes ihotercaopgniietii v-comportamentale a tulburaranxiilooasre . . . . . . ..10 .7 . . . . . . . . . Cap.6 .P sihotercaopgniitiav -comportamentaHi in tulburarifloeb ice . . .1 73 . . .. . . . . . . .... . . . . Cap.7 .P sihotercaopgniiat iv-comportamentaHi aa gorafo�biai a etaic urildoerp anica . . 189 . . . . . Cap8.. P sihotertualpbiuar aranxiiio aseg eneraliz2a29t e . . Cap.9. Psihotercaopgniiati va in cazul tulburarihii pocondriac.e .. 255 . . . . . . . . Cap.1 0P.s ihotercaopgniiat iv-comportamentala in cazult ulburoarbisie siv-comp.u.l.s.i2.v.8e3 Cap.1 1P.s ihoteraanpxiiae tlaetgiait e dep roblemseelxeu al.e .. . . .. .316 . . . . . . . . . . Cap.1 2P.s ihotercaopmipao rtamenta�Hii cognitiv-comportamepnetanItrasu u biectii cut eamdae a s ean gajina relaatpirio piate cuc eilalti .. ...... . .. 339 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . Bibliogrsaefilee cti.v.a . . . . ...389 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Cuvinitn ainte Lucr"arPesaih oteanxireatpaitAaib io.r dcoagnriit iv-compor­ " tamentia�lpier opsuapn ree zciintitteo inr dueltauluiin,nu ll,l1 1iir det ehnicpis ihoterdaeop rieeuntctioacmrepe,o rtame�ncito agl­a nitiv-comportamteenhtnciaarcle�ia i ,-d aouv eedfiicti epnstia­ in hoterAacpeisest.une tma e nisat ceo ntrilbaru eideu caenrxieea­ tali�iil ao ptimizarea comportamentfiuinldcu ein,tr paedt imie­ nuaruenaos ri mptposmihiec� eip sihosomaac toincsee,c intelor nedoarlianxiete et at�ipiie r ezolpvraroebal edmeve ilaotar. Unedinl et ehnipcrielzeep netap taerc ursul alcuecsrtane i suntu tilini czaabtinee dteec loen siplsiiehroel� oipgi sciah ote­ rapiiaear,l tmealsiei ,m ppoltefi , u tilcihizarad tepe e rsoanele carseu fdeert au lburarin upa rnegraxavi oeinas, ae b seunntutaie ­ rapceaulti ficat. in pripmartae a l ucransiu nptr ezepnrtaintcei ppsiihioltee ­ rapcioegniiti v�eic ognitiv-compporrtameecn�uteima v loel,u tia tehniccesi einsl corriin ua cedsotm en0i aut.e nstpeiceie asltae acormdeattaod ecloognirt idveee v al�uiara eu toevaatu llu­are buraarnixilooasre . in parteaad ouaal ucrsaruun td escmreitsodece o mporta­ menta�lcieo gnitiv-comdpeto ertamreaantp tuialelb eu rariclao­r racteprrianizaxnti ee tgaetnee ra�laiit zaacdtauep r aniic a,p recum �iat ulburfariolboi�rcio e b sesiv-cSoumnpatun lasliizinv aet.e deta�lasiip ue ctpesliheo loaglfieoc besi oecii ale. o partines emnaatal ucrearsidtiee d ianxciaettaal teigdiae t e problsemeexlu�eadi le re e laitnitielrpee rsonale. Particul�acira irtaacttielsreoi csiteini tccaaittrairnrl,iee i n e­ sigurraenstirnatp ietrmaa ndeentt ermcinaadin ce ce mai in mulitnid isvasi ecz oin fruntea ccefus etn omaennx:i ePtraet­ea. zenltuac rasreie n scirnai ceec sotn tEeaxi t�p.ir opsuano ef ere un motdei vr efleinc lteigea ctuurad emerpssuilh otmeora-piei 8 IriHnoal edvici derne� if aciliitnetaezlae gaepraerait tuilebiu nlrcialraoeur l a bazaanxi etatea. Autoarperaou,fn .i drv..Irina Holdevciupc eis,2t 5ed eani de expericeanp tas ihotera�pipe suihto lsopge cializat in optimizarea perfonnanutmeanleo,rr ecunosicntaru at �ai s trainaatp autbel,i ­ cantum eroase vosltuumd�eiiar,i t icino ldeo menipusli hoterapiei cognitiv-comportamentale. Volumuld ef atas er emardpirin ansambludlec uno�tinte �tiin­ tifitrcaen smiinsv,i tacnidt itsoasrul ein trebei nl egatcuumr oad ul in carete hnicildeep sihoterraepzioeln vuam eropasreo bledmee viaCtall c ares ec onfruntoaam eniis ainu legarurac ud ificulptea tile carIeein tfunpina� id ec aretre buisae tina seamat erapia. Aceastriie flecstiees pjriinain, mod obligatpoe0ri iun,f or­ mare bogaretaf eritolareac ercetardiinl deo meniupls ihoterapiei anxietiituin. a ceastpari vinta,l ucrareeas tceu prinzatoaree,x em­ pIIees untf oartec larefi,in dana lizatsei stem�aiat rtiicc ulcaut e grijad ipne rspecatdiovpata inta l ucrarMea. im uldte caamtt u,n ele tehnipcrie zenptoatfit ueti lizatdeec atrperes oanecluep robleme �oare cared oressasc e a utoperfectsai doenveizmneaa,is aoatoase �im ai eficiepnritnea ,c easttae hnirceislpee cdtoibvaen dcianradc ­ ternunlo rm etoddeea utoreagc loarmepo rtamentului. Lucrarseeap rezicna0t l ae critiau greabilcaar,eim binrai goa­ re�ai s tialcuald emiccua plicaptraicitli�ecis e t uddiielce az ,tra ­ tatep ersodneaa lu toarsea up reluadint el iterdaeturs ap ecialitate din tara �is trainatate. Cartesaea dreseazad eopotrimveadi cil�oir psihoinltoeg­ilor resadtepi r oblempeslieh oterasptuideein,til laom re diinca� ip si­ hologdari e�,ip ubliclulargui,t utucreolrco erd oressasc e i nitieze ind omenipusli hotecroamppioertamie ntal�eic ognitivpere,o cuo. patdiec uno�te�riae pal icunaroeram etoddeer egl�ariea uto­ reglparsei hidcepa r,o blemtautlibcurarial oanxiro ase �iins �irea tehnicdiecl oonrtr acaraara cee steia. Proufn idv.r.M ihaGoil u Iotroducere Exisotamiie nia lc m-ocro mportameesnttge u vemdaetfri ca �ie is uncto �tiedneat cie astpaec, a nadl tniiicn iub agdae s eama faptucla fri caI ec onduvciea tAac.e �tidina unna pots ac alato­ reasacuas ,u ccepsreoe fsionpoatlv eo,r biinp ublaiucv ,i adteaf a­ miliec orespunzato�aitr oe� is untm eresuu prainco�rdisa ptei­ riacthii,da arc frai cilloesr u nutm ane( fricdaep aianjdeean iu,r ea singucriu l iftsualud ea c ondu�cien a). Fe nsterh�eiJi ema Bna er( 198s4u)n dte p m-ercea o rice teamac arees tae13 td ep utemiinccaa tim piedipcear soansaa indepline0as accat iuensetd ee,f ap0t r,e acctiuec aracptaetro lo­ gicA.n xietaetsetdaee finitiic a0 teamdai fuza, tara obiebcitn e preciziantt ,i mcpe f obieas tdee fmitciia fi in0d t eamac uo biect binper eci(zdaeat n imadleefurtun ,a , dei naIteitmce.A u)t.o rii cadrul mentiocnoantsi idceapr uat eimn cluidne foibil�oifrir c ic u caracmtaeiar b straccutm,a rfi fricad er esponsabilitpaiteer,­ de deraec ontroludleau l iu,pa a rtle ae venimesnotcei adleae ,sfi i n­ gur saud ea rfie spins. Terpaeutdiei o rientcaormep ortamentali�sict oiign itiv­ comportamentaploam esci,nt erapcioam portamenteldoerl ,a urmatoarperleemsie: • Majoritcaotmepao rtamentdeetl ioanxpri oss untin vatate (dacnauc umvcah itaro atDei)n. acmeosttic vh,i daarc vais ep are dia vetteia mdae c anvda � tivtaip ,u tedteizv atdaee a. • In cazuli nc aruen c omportamendte ti panx ioss auf obic estdee zvata(ts deec onditionenazuaa p)ar a ltfriec ic arsea -slu bsti­ tuicei,d, i mpotrivpae,rs oanoab tin0e m aib unaa daptalraem ediu. • Reactia anxieosat0se ad eprindgerree� itciia o �rii,c e deprindgerree� ietaii ,ps oea tmeo difica. 10 IrinHao ledvici • Cua ujtomunlo rc uno�tsipnetceia alul neo,ar n trena­ mentpes iholobgaizactpeee g andiirmea,g in�aiv� oiien ctoam,­ portamednett eialpne ix opso sta d ispiaran c atelvunai( nui n catiavnai ). • Nutr ebusiae i vnac hicpavu aiY teiet lii bera chiar de orice teamadar, Yetfii c apbaislai cvoan trotleaatmisa a,f- aic feat�i. Mariensat0 p ee rsoanae sctaert eit mopstup lea rmiAr.e 25 dea ni,s eesctreetara� ii �pie tretcoea steer �iwile ee kenIde- usriin ­ gura. Dparciam e0� itnev itsaait aisuean d e0vc au,p ri0np daen ica den estap(amfto bie socciaai ltriae )cp rinpm einntrgtuae n dduer i " tip"uoIa:rnr aev oprl apcrei ct"coniainr?ue,- i plviocit eitsci.? Georeges t�eie lu np ersjo anxinoas,c ur eacf�oibii ce. Teamal ucie maa ip utemeiscttaee amdaee �eDce.� aiin tractu briloap sihol(o1cg7ani dei dpaeut nil ociei)s ttee ridbefri ilcd ae faptuvlac acdale aal icepnelA,c ar ea am3nat-doea j trae ioaar a. La ora acetllual uac reazac ao peratdoecr a lcula�tis ouarfee ra foartmeu lctan ue ste pinscihao log. Ruxanedsrta�e ie a0 fr icoasa.d eaS tuafcedurepra ai n idi, evimteatr ouilei,s tfrei csaas eu rcien tr-un aaugtloobmueszra a t, mearsginag ulraap ia��im ai bin1e0 e utjraepe eaj odse cat sa utilizleizftuleL. a i ncempauiit � esai ngduriacn a scaa tpeu tin, dar ancuum ma ii esdee l�oiactr ebusiait n trerufpaac ultatea. Temeriilrea tibolnoaclheve iazaa ��ai c tivitatea oamenilor, indifdeerv eanrts ta, impsiaei dnivcesa�anle du,uc -ries zade i,­ latocraei,an str-cuunv asnattr ,a iansocraam .l Datoraintxai e(ttaetaimia tarbai nopebr ieeccitz at) sau a fricidleto irfp o bpiecr,s opaonaart een ulna�s e0 rdieoe b iective deziirlacebu,m a rfi stabilirreelaai tunintieo rrp eraspornoaplie­ atea,l egeurneoparr ofdeosriiist aedu e a t ffi0i v iaatgrae baila, plidneas atcistfiCaiua. l tceu vinfrtiec,ii lrea tipoontfa alcee dintrp-eor sosaannaa t�oiia nstae 1i0g peenrtsaoi annfamn a. Cecie d oressac d seeb aradsete ezaem tar ebsuaai ieb ian vedecraet elvuac r(uFrein ste�riJh eeaBimna e1r9,8 4): -Trebusiae� tciaen us untu nc azu ni�cii recuippeler na­b tmc ae xismtial iodaen eo ameni cdaefrr iec iisr uaftei�roian ale carie�s ip ucnac eveas tienn eregcuuel ia. Psiheorptaiaa nxietii{ii 11 -Niciodnaute as tper etarzai u sa stceh imbFie.ns terheim (1 984r)e latefazaa ptcuacl e mla iv arstnic ppeac carieIe -ntatr atat CllS llccdeest eamdae a p arasNie wY ork-auvle 9a0 d eani . Dupa cea fa cutp sihoteraapcieesa,ta f oscta pabsiazl b oaCrllea vionul laW ashingpteonnt ar-u� vie denae potii. -Chia�rifr ici�life o bivielceh fiix,a tien cdai nc opilarie, potfi tratdaatcesa u biecptaurlc urugnnea toarele etape: I.De scoperniarteuatr eimie rrieis pect�iav ceu.m a m su­ bljrriatu,n ele friceiv isduen(ntdt eea viodne,l iftd,ea m ergsei n­ gurp es traedtac .in) t,im p cea ltesluen ats cunsceu,ma rfi ,d e pildtae,a mdae a fi respi(niso bsioac iala). 2.S ubiectrteublu iseac on�tienftiazpetczuaeal n xiet�ait ea fobisiulnet infricvia tastaed ,e scifrmeozdeu iln c arefu nctioneaza elec,er eacfitziiio logpircoed uccu,m i nfluenteeazalv ei aitna di­ vidul�uici e a nume fac"ea cesptean trua Iem entinAes"t.f eI, subiecttruelb usiare e alizfeazpetc uail n trezarpee�rctioe l uer i�e, de�aic estseunatm inorsea,up oatseai �iim agincehizaerp ericole carneu e xisctaa�t,i m asurianc arfriec ilree specitlii mvpei edica sai ntrepridnidvae rlsuec rupreic araer d orsia I ef aca. 3.P entrua see libedreaa nx ieta�tife o beisit oeb ligatoriu cas ubiecstauu nnle zeu np rogrdaemt erapie compor�tiam entala cognitiv-comportacmaernceto anlsatm,aa ia ledsi nt ehnidcei desensibi�liid zeam roed ificaar set iludleug ia ndiCreu. a ite cuvintrteeb,u iseaf acaac elIeu crpurie c ardeo re�staIe ef acpae n­ tma n us em ai tedmeee l e. 4.P rogramdeelc eo mbateafrir cei tir ebuiinev atiamtper e­ unac ut erape�uita upll iclaats ei tuatdievi iIaet Ina a.c el�tii mp subiectrteublu isea -m�oid ificset idleuvl i atain,v atfuld satr aiasca impreucnuafr icislael sea us as ee liberceozmep ldeete le. Un loci mportina cnatd rpusli hotersatpairielaionx ri oaisle ocup�ai a ctualidizsaproeniab ilitaptsiilhiocre laptreiinnnt tee r­ mediuuln ora ntrenamesnpteec iacluem,a rfi ,d ep ildcae,l dee relaxasraeua utohipnoza. 12 IrinHao ldveici Natuarnaxi et�iiatf irciii luomra ne Friceas t0es taarfee ctnievgaa ticvaar,e aipnars ei tuaint ia carseu biecitnutrle zareu�ntp ee riciomli neRneta.c tipislieh ofi­ ziologciarceae p airn c azul fricpirie gatoersgca nismuple ntrrue ­ actdieafu ga,d el upms aui lp aralizetrazaans,f ormandu-li n" sta­ nad ep iatr.a " Fricnao rmaleas t0er eacetmioeti onacluca a racatdearp ta­ tipve ntruc a,i nc azulu neaim enintan, nem obilizseaazal uam anumitmaseuri pentrua n es alvvai atAac.e smtec anisfumn ctio­ neaz�ai i nc azufrli cilposri hologdiectee,rmin and subiecstau l intreprindaac tiduena iu toprotAescttfideeel.p , i idad,a ca cuno leg unelte�pteen trua nel uas ervicitruelb,u iseaa ctionsapmr ae- I impiedica. Teama,in dozmeo deractree�,t aec uitapteerac eptciavpaa,­ citatdeeac oncentraraea tentfiaecice,a g andirseaafi em aic la�ria mai raipda, mobilizeenazae rgiaicltei,v erazae flexealset,f el incat subiecstafiu eli ns tare saa ctionmeazire e pe�diem aib inFe.r icile saut emeririaltei onaaplaaertun cic ansdu biectsuesl i mt�eis ec om­ portac a� iin cazulun uip ericmoalj oinr ,c azul unupie rimicnoilm al sauc hiari nexisAtsetnfted.le p, i ld0a p,e rsoancauf obideec aini poatfie p aralizdaetgr ao aza lav ederuenau dii teli�n ofe.n siv Anxietateesat dee finidteas peciaclai0 � tteia mdai fuza, tara uno biebcitn per ecizSautb.i ect.ratiuel� t0e i ncordcaroen ­ tinusai,m tindpue-rmsaen enatm eninEtIae ts.tf eo arnteerv o�si d e multoer nii cniu r ealizdeeazf aa pcte an ume ils peraitead tet are. inl iteratura angglasoim,- spaxeonntruaa d escr0ia es tfdeel " stare, tedrme"e anxniuelta tcea rpel utei�nat eer �is efi xeaza cand peun obiect,p eca alntdua ls,t fel sinucbaite catnuxli oism,e dicaet as capdaetu nm otidve i ngrijorgaasree�,ti em ediaaltt ul. " Fobi(at ermenpurlo vindine grecesc"uplh obo,cs arine­ seamnfuag a,d ar� id el az euclu a cel�niu mec,a rpeu tepar ovo­ cat eam�aip anidc�am anilors air)e prez0infu mc ap ersistdeen m uno biecgtan,d saus ituactaireie n m od obi�nnuuj iustt ifica Psitheopriaaanx ietiilii 13 teama. Suib�daii es cetaumdlaef apctaufr li cas ae srtei dicola, lipdseis tAe nlsu,pi tmAp otreiidarv, an u0 p oaintvein ge. Panic(adl eaz eugrle cP and)e semnuenpaza us eu b�rusic acudtet eroare. Psihopastuondltepo ar-geirciea a nxieftaotbeia�i,ial tea ­ curdiepl aen irceap refrziiccniuct araa citreart ional. incdaic ne lmeav ie ctihmip uoramie naiuis ufdeerfri icta . Astfieslt�,oli ri itae rnaeo tfuenrruaim ereoxaesmepI lnecm.ae di­ cugrIe cH ipocaramtien dteeD aa mocc1aernse,up uttreeac pee lan0gp ar apasstapiuee puondS .h akespine parei,e "Nseag utatorul " diVnen etia, vorbdeeas pfroeb ideap isiicaimr,a i t arziDue scartes ser efelrtraaei arc eiau daua ntaO oTa mecnia rneus upomrtaiur osul detran dafsrra iun trainu p anilcavae deurneepaii sici. De�aic este simvpetcodhmeice a nsdu nltau bmileaaa , jumatsaetceoala ulXIXl -ulie eal aeu f ocsotn sidceaar paatre­ tindaonmde niului clinic. Dintret eorieixlpel iaclaceto imvpeo rtamentdeetl ianop­r xiossaf uo bciecml aeiinterersaanmtaienno. pinnioaa stra, teoria psihantaeloicrtoiimacp ao,rt ame�ncite acalo ignisttiavA issttfae.l , Freeurdda ep arecraef obirielper eunz mienctaa nidseam p arare aleeu lmuein,si apt r otefijinetauz mea inmap otruinveanaix ietati incon�mtuilmetan pitr eo fundanxei,e tarteezu lint autann an ere­ zolvcaormipil eOxeudl(iucpia s rere e fine reis,e nltaadra,g ostea �dio risnetxaua ac loap ilpuelnuptriarinu t edlees eoxp us). Ara macse leinb irus tposrihiaan aclaziumzlie ciu Hlansu,i caraeve fao bdiece a (ic oprielfuuszlama e arpgesa tr addeta e ama cal -paurt me�ac au nc alF)r.ea ua dn alaiczecasaztt� a ia julnas conc1cuainz isap atfeolbedi eec ia sie a scuntdeeaainm ca on­ �tieacn otpai lcuavl afiu pie dedpest iat(pt rina castpreanrtreu) dorisnaet rao tfiacdtaae m ama. in timpuclur eain aliptriinictnee ,rm eduinuomlre tosdpee ­ cifidcien,ctr areec elmeac iu nosscunutat seo cliibaeti�raaia n a­ livzai sesluobri,el cutcurales azau psrapa e ntasru c olaait vee ala diinn conc�otmipelnet�x ice olnefl incetreelzeo Plemv asaurtae . cea cecsotmep l�eicx oen flidcent aet ura incsou�nattdi uesnet a

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