Iraqi Dialect Versus Standard Arabic

222 Pages·2016·2.4 MB·English

by  Khoshaba M.

Iraqi Dialect
Versus
Standard Arabic
ﺢﻴﺼﻓ ﻲﺑﺮﻋ ﻮﻣ ﻲﻗﺍﺮﻋ ﻝﺇ
ق
Kurmanji
Bahdini Sorani
Syria
Iran
Sunnitriangle

Jordan
ShiiteArea
ShiiteArea
Hawza

SaudiArabia
Kuwait
Gulf
33
IraqiDialectUsageAnalysis

Matti PhillipsKhoshaba(Al-Bazi)
(MATFL)
2006
LibraryofCongress
UnitedStatescopyrightOfficeinaccordancewithtitle17,UnitedStatesCode,atteststhat
registrationhasbeenmadefortheworkidentified:
IraqiDialectVersusStandardArabic
MattiPhillips(Al-Bazi)
TX6-194-045
EffectiveDateofRegistration
July-18-2005
ISBN-10
ISBN1-4243-0092-4
Allrightsreservedtotheauthor
Matti Phillips Khoshaba Al-Bazi
1821BuckinghamDr.
Salinas,Ca,93906
Introduction

“Iraqi Dialect VS Modern Standard Arab (MSA) ” helps Iraqi students in higher studies
to get an idea of how they can say Arabic things that they know in a fluent English . By
going over the chapters on and on, they will unconsciously get a schema of how to deal
with the collocations, expressions, idioms, and proverbs that are introduced as notions,
functions, and concepts and use them in the real life conversations. There is enough
analysis of the Iraqi sound system embedded in the mechanism of Iraqi dialect versus
Modern standard Arabic (MSA) to help you be aware of for teaching purposes as well.
This book also shows the areas where Hebrew or Assyrian languages are manifested in
the Iraqi dialect as consonant clusters, or as phrases and or expressions that go rather with
the languages of the indigenous people especially in the matter of intonation and stress
patterns in the sentence and the paragraph levels.
The primary aim of the book is to further push research to discover more about dialects
and sub-dialects in Iraq. I hope students in their university studies will benefit a lot from
this plainly written book.

Matti Phillips Khoshaba (Al – Bazi)
MATFL
Associate professor
2006
California, USA
Contents page
1.Consonants 1
2.Vowels 6
3.IraqiLanguageFeatures
(1)Assimilation 11
(2)Voicing 14
(3)Elision 17
(4)ConsonantClustering 21
4.Phonology
(1)Consonants 23
(2)VowelsVs Semi-vowels 35
5.GrammarandSyntax
(1)Nocaseendingvowelling 42
(2)Accusativecasesofdualandplural 42
(3) Futuretenseparticle 44
(4)Continuous tenseparticles 45
(5)Relativepronounconnector 47
(6)Passivevoice 48
(7)Gemination 51
(8)Transitiveand contractions 53
6.Vocabulary
(1)Verbs andConjugations 55
(2)CommonVerbs 65
(3)Nouns 80
7.FunctionalWords
(1) Wh-questions 90
(2)Connectors 94
1.Time
2.Reason
3.Purpose
4.Contrasts
5.Result /consequence
6.Condition
7.Additions
(3)Negation 98
(4)Prepositions 100
(5)Demonstratives 103
(6)Adjectives 105
(7)QuantifiersasAdverbs 109
V
(8)Reflexives 111
(9)AdverbsofTime 112
(10)Vocatives 114
(11)Possessives (Objectivecase) 116
8.HighFrequencyColloquialIraqi 117
9.IDIOMS 127
9. Social Discourse
NotionalandFunctionalExpressions
1.Greetings 132
2.GreetingVisitors 133
3. Leave-taking 134
4.Thank youexpressions 134
5.Congratulationexpressions 135
6.Titles 136
7.Introducingpeople 136
8.Permission 137
9.Apology 138
10.Consoling 139
11.Questioningapoint 140
12.Politerequest 141
13.Obligation 141
14.Necessity 142
15.Un-necessity 143
16.Promise 143
17.Wishing 144
18.Possibility 145
19.Broachingsubjects 146
20.Contradictandargue 147
21.Askpolitelytointerrupt 148
21.Asknottointerrupt 149
23.Showempathy 150
24.Disappointmentandpessimism 151
25.Praising 152
26.Condemnation 154
27.Support 155
28.Expectation 155
29.Convincing 155
30.Hypothesizing 156
31.Suspicion 156
32.Conclusivetransitory 158
33.Etiquettes 158
34.Avoidingan evileye 159
35.Expressions tomean “start” 160
36.Criticism 160
VI
10.Concepts,Notions,andMessages
BehindwordsandPhrases
1.Shallowness 162
2.Dislikedones 164
3.Likedones 165
4.Revenge 166
5.Sneakyones 168
6.Talkative 169
7.Questioningapoint 169
8.Rebuke 170
9.Complaining 172
10.Ploys &tricks 173
11.Warning 174
12.Refusing 175
13.Ignoring 176
14.Advice 177
15.Playtruancy 179
16.Bravery&courage 180
17.Offeringgifts 181
18.Promising 181
19.Humiliation 182
20.Matchormismatch 184
21.Trust/distrust 185
22.Beingnosy 187
23.Balance 188
24.Exaggerate 189
25.Disgusting 190
26.Too Late 191
27.Stinginess 192
28.Threatening 193
29.Suffix ______siz 194
30.Prefix: bala__________ 194
31.Suffix ________chii 195
32.Suffix _______khaana 195
33.Allah (SWT) 196
34.Pejoratives 198
35.Harassingwomen 200
36.Flirting 202
37.Express”Chaos” 202
38.Euphemism 204
VII
11.WiseSayings 205
12.IraqiProverbs 207
13.PanArabProverbs 211
14.MessagesBehindProfanityLanguage
(Notprintedbut givenuponrequest) missing
15.Partsofthebody 214
16.Months 214
Conclusion 215
16.References 216
VIII
1
TheIraqiSoundsasconsonantsandvowels.
C
onsonantsaredividedintotwotypes:voicedandvoiceless.Thevoicedconsonantsarethosewhen
articulated,thevocalcordsvibrate.Thevoicelesshavenoinvolvementofthevocalcords.
. (vowels)ﺔﻠﻋ تاوﺻاو(consonants)نﻛاوﺳ: ﻰﻟا مﺎﻋ لﻛﺷﺑ تاوﺻﻻا مﺳﻘﺗ
. voiced ةروﮭﺟﻣو voiceless ﺔﺳوﻣﮭﻣ :نﯾﻋوﻧ ﻰﻟا ءزﺟﺗ نﻛاوﺳﻟاو
ةروﮭﺟﻣﻟا نﻛاوﺳﻟا ﺎﻣأ .ﺎﮭﻘطﻧ ءﺎﻧﺛأ ﺔﯾﺗوﺻﻟا رﺎﺗوﻻا زﺗﮭﺗ ﻻو ﺔﯾوﻗ voiceless ﺔﺳوﻣﮭﻣﻟا نﻛاوﺳﻟا
. (articulation)ﺎﮭﻘطﻧ ءﺎﻧﺛأ (vocal cords) ﺔﯾﺗوﺻﻟا لﺎﺑﺣﻟا ﺎﮭﯾﻓ زﺗﮭﺗﻓ voiced
Wecansumthemasfollowings:
Consonants (ﺔﺤﯿﺤﺻ تاﻮﺻا ) ﻦﻛاﻮﺳ
Voiceless voiced
ﺔﺳﻮﻤﮭﻣ ﻦﻛاﻮﺳ ةرﻮﮭﺠﻣ ﻦﻛاﻮﺳ
ب
p panka (fan)   . 1 b baab (door) بﺎﺑ .1
ت د
t tanaka (tin) ﺔﻛَـﻧَـﺗ .2 d dibiya (jug) ﺔﯾﺑدِ .2
ـﻛ .3 3
k nukta (joke) ﺔﺗﻛُـﻧ g gaal (said)   
ف
f filka (bend) ﺔﻛﻠﻓ . 4 v ?eevaan (Ivan)   4*
موﺛ ث  ذ .5
theta thuum (garlic) .5 th theeb (wolf) بﯾذ
ز
s samra (brunette) ةرﻣﺳَ س .6 z zuur (fraudwitness) روز .6
ةرﻣﺷ ش
sh shamra (attitude) .7 zh (zhiyaanr) girl’sname  .7*
ج
ch channa (asif)   .8 j  janna (heaven) ﺔﻧﺟ .8
h haay (this) ي ﺎھ ـھ .9 ? ?awil (1st) لو أ ء أ .9
H Haleeb (milk) بﯾﻠﺣ ح .10 ‘a ‘arifit (Iknew) تِـﻓرﻋ ع .10
kh khraab (destruction) بارﺧ خ 11 G Garaam (romancelove) مارﻏ غ .11
ةﺎﻧﻗ ق
q qanaat (canal) .12 *
S Sadr (breast) ردﺻ ص .13
T Taar (flew) رﺎط ط .14
D Daleit (Iremained) تﯾﻠظ ظ .15
dh dhaleit (Igotlost) تﯾﻠﺿ ض . 16
ر
r riHit (Iwent) تِـﺣِ رِ .12
ل
*L laazim (must) مزِﻻ .13
م
m maaku (thereisnot) وﻛﺎﻣ .14
إ ن
n niTaani (hegaveme) ﻲﻧﺎطﻧ .15
y ysawwi (hedoes) يوّﺳَ ﯾ يَ .16
َ و .
w (with) wiya ﺎﯾو 17
*4 /v/ isaborrowedsound

7*/zh/ isaborrowedsound

*12/q/ ق Moslawi Dialectkeeps/q/ ق velarvoicelessasin لﺎﻗ qaala(hesaid).
1
2
Thesamesoundischangedinto/g/ inotherpartsofthecountrysuchasBaghdadand

otherpartsintheSouth.Thischangedoesnotincludeallwordsofthelanguage.Therefore,
weneedtodealwiththechangedonesforthesakeofusage.
*15and16 D ظ & dh ـﺿ arepronouncedthesameinIraqidialect.Theyarekept
differentinwrittenshapestoindicatethedifferenceinmeaning..
Consonants as Diaphones:
Iraqisusealternativeconsonantsasdiaphonesthatdonotchangethemeaningofthewords.
Herearethesediaphones:
1. Moslawi use (G)for/r/asFrenchspeakersinParisarticulate/r
raHnruuH=GaaHnGuuH =wearegoingtogo
حوﻐﻧ حﺎﻏ
حوورﻧ حار
2.Baghdadi dialectandSouthernspeakersuse/g/for/q/:
qaalhiyaqaalat =gaalhiyagaalat=Hesaidthatshesaidso.
تﻟﺎﻛ ﮫﯾﯾھ . وھ

تﻟﺎﻗ ﻲھ . لﺎﻗ وھ (StandardArabicandMoslawi)
3.Southernspeakersuse(ch) for (k)inconjugationof (kaan)

ًﺎﻣﺋﺎﻧ ﮫﻧﺄﻛادﺑ ( مﺋﺎﻧ ﮫﻧﺄﻛ لﺟرﻟا ادﺑ) (Standard Arabic)
chaanchannanaayim= ka?anahukaana naa?iman=Heseemedtobesleepy
Hewasasifheweresleepy
4.SouthernersandBaghdadidialectspeakersuse(ch)asafeminineindicatorfor(ki):
ﻲﻛﻧوﻠﺷ
ﺞِـﻧوﻠﺷ Howareyou?
؟ تِ ﻧا فﯾﻛ (StandardArabic)
shlonki (Moslawi)=shlonich(BaghdadidialectandSouthernDialect)
ق ج
5.Southernspeakerschangethesound/q/ to (ch)  orsometimes (j) incertain
wordssuchas:
Standard ?inqatal qiddaaHa qarya qattala qidaam
لـﺗــﻘﻧإ ﺔﺣادﻗ ﺔﯾرﻗ ﺔﻟﺎﺗـﻗ مادﻗ
َ
Iraqi ?inchital jidaaHa jarya chattala jidaam
ﺔﺣادﺟ ﺔﯾرﺟ
  
Iskilled lighter village killing/killer ahead/infront
2
3
/ ق
6.Iraqisuse/g/ for /q incertainwords
Here aresomecommonwords
ﺔﺑﻗر صرﻗ رﻣﻗ لﺑﻗ قدﯾ ردﻘﯾ ﻲﻘﺗﻠﻧ قوﺳ صﻘﻣ
 ﺹ ﺹ
Rugba guraS gumar gabil ydig yigdar niltigi suug migaS
Neck bread moon before knock can wemeet market scissors
Loaves or/ring beableto or/ drive
Note:notallwordsofthe/q/  standardarechangedintoadialectalconsonant/g/ 
Examplestopractice:
gabil  before
gubal ahead
Shiftaqabilhasa. Ihaveseenhimbefore ﮫﺳھ  لﺑﻗ ﮫﺗﻔﺷ
ruuHgubalraaHtshuufa.Goahead,you’llseehim.
Sometimeswordsareclosetoeachotherinpronunciationbutnotnecessarilythesame:
Quwaad (qaada) (ةدﺎﻗ) داوﻗ commanders
Gawwaad(gawaaweed) cuckold(cuckolds)
تﻌﻠط داوﻗ ل ﺔﻠﻐﺷَ

ShughlatilquuwaadTil’atgwaada
(Theworkofthe commanders revealedtheirdisloyalties)
Itseemed thatthecommandersweredisloyal.
MINIMAL PAIRS OFCERTAINCONSONANTS
1./H/versus/h/
Haddada ددّﺣ defined,limited
haddada ددّـھ threatened
HOsh  house,courtyard
hOsh شؤھ cattle/cows
miHna ﺔﻧﺣﻣ ordeal,catastrophe
mihna ﺔﻧﮭﻣ profession,job
2./kh/versus /gh/
kheir رﯾﺧ prosperity
gheir رﯾﻏ another,unlike
daykharkhir رﺧوﺷﯾ هد is snoring
da ygharghir رﻏرﻐﯾ هد is gargling
رﯾﻏ رﯾﺧ
3