IR: The New World of International Relations

379 Pages·2014·14.319 MB·English

by  Michael G. Roskin

IR
The New World of
International Relations
This page intentionally left blank
IR
The New World of
International Relations
Tenth Edition
Michael G. Roskin
Lycoming coLLege
Nicholas O. Berry
Foreign PoLicy Forum
Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto
Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo
iii
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Roskin, Michael
IR: the new world of international relations/Michael G. Roskin, Nicholas O. Berry.—Tenth edition.
pages cm
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-99893-7
ISBN-10: 0-205-99893-3
1. International relations—Textbooks. 2. World politics—1945–1989—Textbooks.
3. World politics–1989—Textbooks. 4. United States—Foreign relations—1945–1989—Text
books. 5. United States—Foreign relations—1989—Textbooks. I. Berry, Nicholas O. II. Title.
JZ1242.R67 2015
327—dc23
2013033945
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10—EDW—14 13 12 11 10
Student Edition:
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-99893-7
ISBN-10: 0-205-99893-3
Books á la carte:
ISBN-13: 978-0-205-99894-4
ISBN-10: 0-205-99894-1
Brief Contents
Detailed Contents vii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Supplements xxii
Part I Systems and Theories 1
Chapter 1 Power and Systems 2
Chapter 2 IR Theories 20
Chapter 3 Why War? 38
Part II National Interests and Geopolitics 53
Chapter 4 America’s Changing National Interests 54
Chapter 5 Russia and Geopolitics 72
Chapter 6 Can the United States Lead the World? 92
Part III The Global South 107
Chapter 7 From Colonialism to Decolonization 108
Chapter 8 Eternal Warfare in the Holy Land 122
Chapter 9 Oil and Turmoil: The Persian Gulf 138
Chapter 10 Trouble and Hope in Latin America 156
Chapter 11 Development in Rich and Poor Countries 170
Part IV The Permanence of Insecurity 187
Chapter 12 National Security and Insecurity 188
Chapter 13 Internal Conflict 204
Chapter 14 Asymmetrical Warfare 216
v
vi Brief Contents
Part V The Global Political Economy 233
Chapter 15 “If the Euro Fails, Europe Fails” 234
Chapter 16 Asia Awakes 250
Chapter 17 The United States and Globalization 267
Part VI The Politics of a New World 281
Chapter 18 Diplomacy Is Still Alive 282
Chapter 19 The Uses of International Law 297
Chapter 20 The Reach of the United Nations 311
Chapter 21 Finite F.E.W. (Food, Energy, Water) 326
Credits 342
Index 345
Detailed Contents
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Supplements xxii
Part I Systems and Theories 1
Chapter 1 Power and Systems 2
Power in Our Day 3
■ concepts: Power 4
The European Balance-of-Power System 5
■ concepts: Systems 6
■ turning point: Bismarck: System Changer 7
The Unstable Interwar System 8
The Bipolar Cold War System 9
What Kind of New System? 10
Are States Here to Stay? 16
■ concepts: The State 16
Is Sovereignty Slipping? 17
■ concepts: Sovereignty 17
■ reflections: Sovereignty and You 18
Review Questions 18
Key Terms 18
Further Reference 19
Chapter 2 IR Theories 20
The Importance of Theories 21
■ classic thought: E. H. Carr and Realism 21
The Oldest Theory: Realism 22
■ classic thought: Hans Morgenthau on National Interest 25
The Liberal Peace Seekers 26
■ concepts: Liberal Internationalism 28
The Newest: Constructivism 29
vii
viii Detailed Contents
Marxist Theories of IR 32
■ concepts: Gramscian Marxism 34
IR Theories: An Evaluation 35
Review Questions 36
Key Terms 36
Further Reference 36
Chapter 3 Why War? 38
Micro Theories of War 39
■ concepts: Waltz’s Three Levels of Analysis 40
State-Level Theories of War 41
Macro Theories of War 42
■ concepts: Islamic Wars? 42
■ classic thought: The Crux of Clausewitz 43
Misperception 44
■ concepts: Misperception 45
■ classic thought: Thucydides on Fear 46
The Power Dilemma 47
■ concepts: The Previous-War Theory 47
■ concepts: Do Rising Powers Cause Wars? 48
The Danger of Analogies 49
■ turning point: “No More Munichs” 49
■ concepts: The Pacifist Fallacy 50
Review Questions 51
Key Terms 51
Further Reference 51
Part II National Interests and Geopolitics 53
Chapter 4 America’s Changing National
Interests 54
Independence 55
■ concepts: National Interests 55
Manifest Destiny 56
■ classic thought: Washington’s Farewell Address 56
Imperialism 58
■ classic thought: Mahan’s Sea Power Theory 59
Detailed Contents ix
World War I and Isolationism 60
World War II 61
The Cold War 62
■ diplomacy: The Atlantic Charter 62
The Cold War 62
■ concepts: Cold War 63
Vietnam 64
■ turning point: Spring 1947 64
■ concepts: Political Generations 65
■ reflections: Iraq, Afghanistan, and Vietnam 67
■ classic thought: War and Peace 68
The Next Challenges 69
■ concepts: Mead’s Four Schools of U.S. Foreign Policy 69
■ reflections: Kennan on History 70
Review Questions 70
Key Terms 70
Further Reference 71
Chapter 5 Russia and Geopolitics 72
War and Bolshevism 73
■ geography: Geopolitics 73
Stalin’s Policy Mistakes 76
■ diplomacy: World War I: The Slavic Connection 76
■ turning point: The North Russian Intervention 77
■ concepts: Ideology and Foreign Policy 78
Yalta and the Cold War 79
■ turning point: The Spanish Civil War 79
The Decline of the Soviet Union 80
■ diplomacy: The Yalta Agreement 80
■ concepts: Hegemony 81
Khrushchev and the Cuban Missiles 83
■ diplomacy: Détente 84
Why the Soviet Collapse? 85
■ concepts: Elites 85
Foreign Policy: Generated Internally or Externally? 87
■ geography: The Soviet Successor States 87
Restoring Russian Power 88
■ diplomacy: George F. Kennan on Russia and the West 88