IP/C/W/611/Add.7 18 février 2016

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IP/C/W/611/Add.7

18 février 2016
(16-1006) Page: 1/118
Conseil des aspects des droits de propriété Original: anglais/français
intellectuelle qui touchent au commerce

RAPPORT SUR LA MISE EN ŒUVRE DE L'ARTICLE 66:2
DE L'ACCORD SUR LES ADPIC
UNION EUROPÉENNE
Addendum
La communication ci-après, datée du 28 septembre 2015, a été reçue de la délégation de
l'Union européenne. Elle rend compte des activités menées conformément au paragraphe 1 de la
Décision sur la mise en œuvre de l'article 66:2 de l'Accord sur les ADPIC (document IP/C/28) par
l'Union européenne et certains de ses États membres (Autriche, Danemark, Espagne, Estonie,
Finlande, France, Irlande, Royaume-Uni et Suède).

_______________

I. OBSERVATIONS GÉNÉRALES
Le présent document est distribué conformément à la Décision du Conseil des ADPIC, datée du
19 février 2003, aux termes de laquelle les pays développés Membres doivent présenter des
rapports sur les mesures qu'ils ont prises ou envisagent de prendre conformément aux
engagements qu'ils ont contractés en vertu de l'article 66:2 (incitations offertes à leurs entreprises
ou institutions afin de promouvoir et d'encourager le transfert de technologie vers les pays les
moins avancés Membres).

Comme convenu au Conseil des ADPIC, le présent document est un rapport détaillé sur les
incitations aux transferts de technologie mises en place par l'UE et ses États membres.

II. PORTÉE ET NATURE DES RENSEIGNEMENTS FOURNIS
Aux fins du présent document, on entend par transfert de technologie les moyens utilisés par les
entreprises, les particuliers et les organisations pour acquérir de la technologie ou un savoir-faire
provenant de tierces parties, qu'il s'agisse ou non d'une technologie protégée par des droits de
propriété intellectuelle (y compris un savoir-faire confidentiel).

Il existe plusieurs types de technologie et plusieurs filières de transmission: en effet, l'acquisition
par les pays les moins avancés (PMA) d'une base technologique solide et viable ne dépend pas
seulement de la fourniture d'objets matériels ou d'équipements, mais aussi de l'acquisition d'un
savoir-faire, de compétences de gestion et de production, d'un meilleur accès aux sources
d'information, ainsi que de l'adaptation aux conditions économique, sociale et culturelle locale.

De nos jours, le secteur privé – et, en particulier, le secteur commercial – est sans conteste la
principale source de technologie et, de ce fait, le transfert de technologie est souvent un simple
élément d'un projet complexe plutôt qu'une activité autonome. En effet, de nombreux projets
comportent des aspects relatifs au transfert de technologie qui sont désignés par l'appellation
"assistance technique". La plupart des projets réalisés dans des secteurs comme l'énergie, l'eau,
l'agriculture, la gouvernance et l'infrastructure contiennent un transfert de savoir-faire et de
technologie.
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Les efforts faits par les gouvernements des pays développés pour encourager et promouvoir le
transfert de technologie sont généralement limités par deux facteurs: 1) la grande majorité de ces
technologies ne leur appartiennent pas; 2) ils ne peuvent pas obliger le secteur privé à transférer
ces technologies. Les incitations peuvent donc uniquement prendre la forme d'encouragement, de
promotion et de facilitation de projets qui s'inscrivent dans le cadre d'une approche globale et
exhaustive du développement.

On considère que le transfert de technologie comprend la formation, l'éducation et le
"savoir-faire". Le transfert de savoir-faire est donc également inclus dans les projets concernant
l'éducation. Outre les filières officielles de transfert de technologie, comme le transfert de droits de
propriété intellectuelle et/ou de savoir-faire ou la concession de licences en la matière, il existe
plusieurs filières informelles de transfert de technologie – d'importance égale – telles que
l'embauche de nouveaux diplômés universitaires, l'échange de personnel qualifié, les projets de
recherche conjointe, ou des projets spécifiques se rapportant à l'investissement étranger direct
(bien souvent, le transfert de technologie est un élément d'un projet complexe, et non une activité
autonome). Par ailleurs, il est essentiel à tous les stades d'avoir accès aux partenaires, aux
renseignements et aux compétences appropriés.

Enfin, il convient de garder à l'esprit qu'aucun programme de transfert de technologie n'est
consacré spécifiquement aux pays les moins avancés. Les initiatives de l'UE ciblent généralement
certains pays, groupes de pays ou régions, car l'UE soutient résolument l'intégration régionale, qui
favorise une meilleure compréhension et renforce les liens politiques et économiques entre pays
voisins. Néanmoins, dans son approche de la répartition de l'aide et des incitations, l'UE porte une
attention particulière à la situation des pays les moins avancés et des autres pays à faible revenu.
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ANNEXE1
I. EUROPEAN UNION
Research programmes
FP7 EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation projects

During the previous EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation FP7 (2007-2013) the
environment (including climate change) thematic area supported a total of 78 participations of
partners from least developed countries, LDCs, in research projects. Those partners were entitled
to a funding from the EU budget of €8.3 million. Some of these projects have finished but many
are still in operation. The table below shows the countries involved and the number of funded
participations in each country. The second table lists all FP7 projects with LDC participants as well
as the countries involved.

FP7 thematic area Environment: Number of project participation from least developed
countries
Participant Country Name Total
Angola 1
Bangladesh 7
Benin 2
Burkina Faso 10
Cambodia 2
Ethiopia 13
Guinea 1
Lao (People's Dem. Republic) 2
Malawi 2
Mozambique 4
Niger 7
Rwanda 2
Senegal 14
Sudan 2
Togo 1
Uganda 6
Zambia 2
Grand Total 78

1 En langue originale seulement.
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List of FP7 projects (thematic area Environment) with LDC participations
LDC partners,
Acronym Project title Project No. LDC partners
No.
DEVCOCAST GEONETCast for and by 211307 2 Niger x 2
Developing Countries
ISSOWAMA Integrated Sustainable Solid 211873 4 Bangladesh x 2;
Waste Management in Asia Cambodia x 2
WETWIN Enhancing the role of wetlands 212300 1 Uganda
in integrated water resources
management for twinned river
basins in EU, Africa and
South America in support of
EU Water Initiatives
AEGOS African-European Georesources 212545 6 Guinea; Senegal;
Observation System Uganda; Burkina Faso;
Ethiopia; Zambia
UNDESERT Understanding and combating 243906 5 Burkina Faso x 2;
desertification to mitigate its Niger; Senegal; Benin
impact on ecosystem services
QWECI Quantifying Weather and 243964 4 Malawi; Senegal x 3
Climate Impacts on Health in
Developing Countries
CORFU Collaborative Research on 244047 1 Bangladesh
Flood Resilience in Urban areas
EO2HEAVEN Earth observation and 244100 2 Mozambique; Uganda
environmental modelling for
the mitigation of health risks
IWWA Integrated waste management 244188 4 Senegal x 3; Niger
in western Africa
CLIMAFRICA Climate change predictions in 244240 4 Burkina Faso; Sudan;
Sub-Saharan Africa: impacts Togo; Malawi
and adaptations
CLUVA CLimate change and Urban 265137 3 Senegal; Burkina Faso;
Vulnerability in Africa Ethiopia
I-REDD+ Impacts of Reducing Emissions 265286 1 Lao P.R.
from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation and Enhancing
Carbon Stocks
DEWFORA Improved Drought Early 265454 2 Sudan; Mozambique
Warning and FORecasting to
strengthen preparedness and
adaptation to droughts in
Africa
WAHARA Water HArvesting for Rainfed 265570 3 Zambia; Burkina Faso;
Africa: investing in dryland Ethiopia
agriculture for growth and
resilience
CLARA Capacity-Linked water supply 265676 7 Ethiopia x 6;
and sanitation improvement for Burkina Faso
Africa's peri-urban and Rural
Areas
WASHTECH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 266200 2 Uganda; Burkina Faso
Technologies
HEALTHY FUTURES Health, environmental change 266327 3 Ruwanda x 2; Uganda
and adaptive capacity:
mapping, examining and
anticipating future risks of
water-related vector-borne
diseases in eastern Africa
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LDC partners,
Acronym Project title Project No. LDC partners
No.
WHATER Water Harvesting Technologies 266360 2 Uganda; Burkina Faso
Revisited: Potentials for
Innovations, Improvements
and Upscaling in Sub-Saharan
Africa
AFROMAISON Africa at a meso-scale: 266379 2 Uganda; Burkina Faso
Adaptive and integrated tools
and strategies for natural
resources management
AGRICAB A framework for enhancing EO 282621 5 Mozambique x 2;
capacity for Agriculture and Ethiopia; Niger;
Forest Management in Africa as Senegal
a contribution to GEOSS
IMPACT2C Quantifying projected impacts 282746 3 Bangladesh x 2; Niger
under 2°C warming
AFRICAN CLIMATE Uptake of Climate related 283158 1 Senegal
Research Results through
Knowledge Platforms with
African Collaboration Partners
SUSTAIN EU-ASEAN SUSTAIN EU-ASEAN: Sustain 603518 1 Lao P.R.
and Enhance Cooperation on
Sustainable Development
between Europe and
South East Asia
PREFACE Enhancing prediction of 603521 4 Angola; Senegal x 2;
Tropical Atlantic climate and its Benin
impacts
EARTH2OBSERVE Global Earth Observation for 603608 2 Ethiopia; Bangladesh
integrated water resource
assessment
SIGMA Stimulating Innovation for 603719 2 Ethiopia; Niger
Global Monitoring of Agriculture
and its Impact on the
Environment in support of
GEOGLAM (SIGMA)
HELIX High-End cLimate Impacts and 603864 2 Bangladesh; Senegal
eXtremes
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Horizon 2020 projects on Climate Action, Resource Efficiency, Environment and
Raw Materials

In the first full year of the current EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation, the
Societal Challenge 5 "Climate Action, Resource Efficiency, Environment and Raw Materials"
six participants from least developed countries have been successful in three funded projects. The
projects are the following:
 EWIT, "E-Waste Implementation Toolkit". The LDC partner is the Choma Municipal
Council in Zambia receiving an EC contribution of €62,000;
 AfricanBioServices, "Linking biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services in the Great
Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem (GSME) - drivers of change, causalities and sustainable
management strategies". This project has four LDC partners from Tanzanina; Tanzania
Wildlife Research Institute, Tawiri ; The University of Dodoma; Sokoine University of
Agriculture; and University of Dar Es Salaam. In total these partners receive an EC
contribution of over €1.5 million to finance their participation;
 SWOS "Satellite-based Wetland Observation Service". The LDC partner is Wetlands
International Africa Programme, which has its regional seat in Dakar (Senegal) and
offices in Mali and Kenya. The EC contribution to this partner amounts to €24,000.
1. Title of project/programme:

EWIT project - Developing an e-waste implementation toolkit to support the recycling and the
secondary raw material recovery strategies in metropolitan areas in Africa

2. Policy objective and/or purpose:

Urbanization is on the rise in Africa and this trend is expected to continue in the future. The fast
growing use of technology is creating a rising e-waste stream, for which there is limited recycling
capacity. Waste management infrastructures and public awareness of the health issues is largely
non-existent. Basic environmental precautions are almost absent and health and safety regulations
are loosely enforced. Improvements are therefore urgently needed to combat related health
issues, alleviate poverty and develop the local recycling sector. EWIT project's aim is to address
these challenges, encouraging the exchange of best practice among African and European
municipalities so as to ensure the effective implementation of e-waste management systems in the
local communities.

3. Government agencies or institutions eligible in the provision of incentives for
technology transfer in developed member:

EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme

4. Enterprises or other institutions eligible for incentives in LDCs (Transferor):

The project coordinator is:

 Consorzio Remedia (Italy)
Other partners from EU member States are:

 International Solid Waste Association (Austria)
 EIEE GesmbH (Austria)
 Osterreichische Gesellschaft Fuer System- Und Automatisierungstechnik (Austria)
 Technische Universitaet Wien (Austria)
 Universitaet Fuer Bodenkultur Wien (Austria)
 Worldloop Vzw (Belgium)
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 Stad Antwerpen (Belgium)
 Quadrifoglio Servizi Ambientali Area Fiorentina Spa (Italy)
 Ancitel Energia E Ambiente Spa (Italy)
 Comune di Firenze (Italy)
 Servico Intermunicipalizado de Gestao De Residuos Do Grande Porto (Portugal)
 University of Leeds (United Kingdom)
Other non-EU-member States involved in the project are:
 Universite d'Abobo-Adjame (Côte d'Ivoire)
 District Autonome D'abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
 Sellgelle International Consultancy Company Limited (Kenya)
 Kisii University (Kenya)
 Kisii County (Kenya)
 International Centre For Research In Sustainable Development Ent (Icrsd) (Kenya)
 Council For Scientific And Industrial Research (South Africa)
 Mintek (South Africa)
 E-Waste Association Of South Africa (South Africa)
 Pikitup Johannesburg (Proprietary) Limited (South Africa)
Responsible partner from LDC:

 Choma Municipal Council (Zambia)
5. Targeted LDC Members (Transferee):
Zambia:
Partner:
 Choma Municipal Council
End-user:
 Local authorities, but also businesses and academia
6. Type of incentives measures for technology transfer:

Facilitation of knowledge exchange to stimulate North-South and South-South cooperation.

The working model is based on two different set of workshops, one led by "Cities" and the other by
"Experts". Tools, implementation models, policies and procedures will feed a dedicated information
and service platform called "E-waste implementation toolkit". This dynamic and easy to use
internet portal will be a strategic source of knowledge for decision makers at industry and local
government level. Dissemination will play a key role to assure that the project's deliverables are
well understood and ready to be applied.

7. Field or sector of technology transfer activities:

Waste management

8. Type of technology transferred:

Best practices and successful case studies will be included within a toolkit, which will take the form
of a web portal, providing operative tools to support decision-makers in developing and
implementing their own e-waste policies.
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9. Expected output related to technology transfer:

The project will develop a comprehensive mapping of the baseline data of African metropolitan
areas related to e-waste management, analysing the most relevant experiences, processes and
legal tools available. It will then deliver a dynamic and easy to use information and service portal
to offer guidance and practical support for the design and development of e-waste collection and
recycling systems.

10. Outcomes/impact:

EWIT will define the conditions and actions necessary to:

 implement effective waste recycling systems in metropolitan areas;
 increasing recycling opportunities for entrepreneurs;
 generating new jobs; and
 improving environment and health protection of local communities.
11. Budget or funds allocated:

 Project total costs: €1,641,750
 Project requested EC contribution: €1,641,750
 Requested EC contribution for LDC country: €62,500 (Zambia)
12. Duration:

1 February 2015-31 January 2017

13. Status:

Project is running in its first year

14. Contact point for information:

Danilo Bonato, Director General
Consorzio Remedia
Via Messina 38
20154 MILANO
http://www.consorzioremedia.it/

_______________

1. Title of project/programme:

EU H2020 Climate action, resource efficiency, environment and raw materials research and
innovation action

AfricanBioServices project - Linking biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services in the
Great Serengeti-Mara Ecosystem (GSME) - drivers of change, causalities and sustainable
management strategies

2. Policy objective and/or purpose:

The direct dependence of humans on ecosystem services is by far strongest in developing regions
where poverty restricts access to resources. This dependency also makes people in developing
countries more sensitive to climate change than their developed counterparts. Increasing human
populations deteriorates natural habitat, biodiversity and ecosystems services which spiral into
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poverty and low human welfare. This calls for innovative solutions that encompass the entire
socio-ecological-economic system, as recognized on a global scale in the Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment. However, innovative and practical solutions require downscaling to regional levels for
identifying concrete sets of drivers of change. For Africa specifically, the interplay of human
population growth, land use change, climate change and human well-being is a major challenge.
This project focuses on the Serengeti-Masai Mara Ecosystem and associated agricultural areas, a
region in East Africa that encompasses parts of Kenya and Tanzania. The ecosystem is
world-famous for key aspects of its biodiversity, such as the migration of 1.3 million wildebeest.
This 'flagship ecosystem" role will enhance the international interest in the project. In this project,
internationally leading researchers from Norway, the Netherlands, Scotland, Denmark and
Germany are teaming up with strong local partners in Tanzania and Kenya.
3. Government agencies or institutions eligible in the provision of incentives for
technology transfer in developed member:

EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme

4. Enterprises or other institutions eligible for incentives in LDCs (Transferor):

The project coordinator is:

 Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet (Norway)
Other partners from EU member States are:

 Stiftelsen Norsk Institutt For Naturforskning Nina (Norway)
 Universitaet Hohenheim (Germany)
 University Of Glasgow (United Kingdom)
 Rijksuniversiteit Groningen RUG (Netherlands)
 Kobenhavns Universitet (Denmark)
Other non-EU-member States involved in the project are:

 Kenya Wildlife Service (Kenya)
 International Livestock Research Institute (Kenya)
 Directorate of Resource Surveys and Remote Sensing (Kenya)
Responsible partner from LDC:

 Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Tawiri (United Republic of Tanzania)
 The University of Dodoma (United Republic of Tanzania)
 Sokoine University of Agriculture (United Republic of Tanzania)
 University of Dar Es Salaam (United Republic of Tanzania)
5. Targeted LDC Members (Transferee):

United Republic of Tanzania:

Partner:

 Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute Tawiri (United Republic of Tanzania)
 The University of Dodoma (United Republic of Tanzania)
 Sokoine University of Agriculture (United Republic of Tanzania)
 University of Dar Es Salaam (United Republic of Tanzania)
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End-user:

 Human populations and biodiversity living in the Serengeti-Masai Mara Ecosystem and
associated agricultural areas.
6. Type of incentives measures for technology transfer:

The research will:

 assemble and integrate the so far separate Kenyan and Tanzanian relevant data on the
region;
 quantify the connections between human population growth, land use change, climate
change and biodiversity change;
 test how biodiversity change leads to changes in key ecosystem services;
 quantify the dependence of human livelihoods on these ecosystem services. The project
will implement innovative ways for communication and dissemination of the results of
"continuous engagement" by local stakeholders.
7. Field or sector of technology transfer activities:

Biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, sustainable management strategies.

8. Type of technology transferred:

 Integration of relevant Kenyan and Tanzanian ecological, climatic and socio-economic
data in a common database framework.
 Know-how will be transferred on biology (ecology, population dynamics, molecular
biology), social sciences (geography, anthropology, socio-ecology, economy, human
biology, conjoint analysis), health (veterinary medicine), modelling (mathematical,
statistical), remote sensing (land use, vegetation, hydrology), environmental (climate),
chemistry (water and soil quality) and technology (sensors, telemetry).
9. Expected output related to technology transfer:

A key element will be having of a strong focus on the creation of hybrid scientific–local knowledge
that is relevant to the needs of communities and policymakers.

10. Outcomes/impact:

The project will:

 assess the impacts of direct, indirect and emerging drivers of change, separately in
combination and interactively, on the status and trends of biodiversity and ecosystem
function;
 assess the causalities between biodiversity and ecosystem services;
 provide forecasting methodologies to predict future variation in drivers of change, their
expected impact on biodiversity and their consequences for ecosystem service delivery;
 develop and refine sound and cost-effective indicators on biodiversity, ecosystem
function/resilience and ecosystem service;
 derive novel sustainable solutions to achieve the twin goals of biodiversity protection and
the improvement of benefits that people derive from the unique ecosystems within the
region.