iOS 10 Programming Fundamentals with Swift: Swift, Xcode, and Cocoa Basics

620 Pages·2016·7.3 MB·English

by  Matt Neuburg

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iOS 10
Programming
Fundamentals
with Swift
SWIFT, XCODE, AND COCOA BASICS
Matt Neuburg

THIRD EDITION
iOS 10 Programming
Fundamentals with Swift
Swift, Xcode, and Cocoa Basics
Matt Neuburg
Boston
iOS 10 Programming Fundamentals with Swift, Third Edition
by Matt Neuburg
Copyright © 2017 Matt Neuburg. All rights reserved.
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Indexer: Matt Neuburg
April 2015: First Edition
October 2015: Second Edition
October 2016: Third Edition
Revision History for the Third Edition
2016-09-23: First release
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ISBN: 978-1-491-97007-2
[LSI]
Table of Contents
Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
Part I. Language
1. The Architecture of Swift. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Ground of Being 3
Everything Is an Object? 5
Three Flavors of Object Type 6
Variables 6
Functions 8
The Structure of a Swift File 9
Scope and Lifetime 11
Object Members 12
Namespaces 13
Modules 14
Instances 15
Why Instances? 17
self 19
Privacy 20
Design 22
Object Types and APIs 23
Instance Creation, Scope, and Lifetime 25
Summary and Conclusion 26
2. Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
Function Parameters and Return Value 27
Void Return Type and Parameters 31
Function Signature 32
iii
External Parameter Names 32
Overloading 34
Default Parameter Values 35
Variadic Parameters 36
Ignored Parameters 36
Modifiable Parameters 37
Function In Function 41
Recursion 43
Function As Value 43
Anonymous Functions 46
Define-and-Call 52
Closures 53
How Closures Improve Code 54
Function Returning Function 56
Closure Setting a Captured Variable 58
Closure Preserving Its Captured Environment 59
Escaping Closures 60
Curried Functions 61
Function References and Selectors 62
Function Reference Scope 65
Selectors 66
3. Variables and Simple Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Variable Scope and Lifetime 69
Variable Declaration 71
Computed Initializer 74
Computed Variables 75
Setter Observers 78
Lazy Initialization 80
Built-In Simple Types 82
Bool 82
Numbers 84
String 90
Character 95
Range 98
Tuple 100
Optional 103
4. Object Types. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
Object Type Declarations and Features 117
Initializers 119
Properties 125
iv | Table of Contents
Methods 128
Subscripts 130
Nested Object Types 132
Instance References 133
Enums 135
Raw Values 137
Associated Values 138
Enum Initializers 139
Enum Properties 140
Enum Methods 141
Why Enums? 142
Structs 143
Struct Initializers, Properties, and Methods 144
Struct As Namespace 145
Classes 146
Value Types and Reference Types 146
Subclass and Superclass 151
Class Initializers 156
Class Deinitializer 164
Class Properties and Methods 164
Polymorphism 166
Casting 169
Type Reference 174
Protocols 179
Why Protocols? 181
Protocol Type Testing and Casting 183
Declaring a Protocol 183
Optional Protocol Members 185
Class Protocol 186
Implicitly Required Initializers 187
Literal Convertibles 189
Generics 190
Generic Declarations 192
Type Constraints 194
Explicit Specialization 196
Associated Type Chains 197
Additional Constraints 200
Extensions 203
Extending Object Types 203
Extending Protocols 206
Extending Generics 209
Umbrella Types 210
Table of Contents | v
Any 211
AnyObject 212
AnyClass 215
Collection Types 216
Array 216
Dictionary 230
Set 235
5. Flow Control and More. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
Flow Control 241
Branching 242
Loops 254
Jumping 259
Operators 274
Privacy 277
Private and Fileprivate 278
Public and Open 280
Privacy Rules 280
Introspection 281
Memory Management 282
Weak References 284
Unowned References 285
Weak and Unowned References in Anonymous Functions 287
Memory Management of Protocol-Typed References 290
Part II. IDE
6. Anatomy of an Xcode Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293
New Project 294
The Project Window 296
The Navigator Pane 297
The Utilities Pane 303
The Editor 304
The Project File and Its Dependents 306
The Target 309
Build Phases 310
Build Settings 312
Configurations 313
Schemes and Destinations 314
From Project to Running App 316
Build Settings 319
vi | Table of Contents
Property List Settings 319
Nib Files 320
Additional Resources 321
Code Files and the App Launch Process 324
Frameworks and SDKs 329
Renaming Parts of a Project 331
7. Nib Management. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
The Nib Editor Interface 335
Document Outline 336
Canvas 339
Inspectors and Libraries 341
Nib Loading 342
When Nibs Are Loaded 343
Manual Nib Loading 344
Connections 346
Outlets 346
The Nib Owner 348
Automatically Configured Nibs 351
Misconfigured Outlets 352
Deleting an Outlet 353
More Ways to Create Outlets 354
Outlet Collections 357
Action Connections 357
More Ways to Create Actions 360
Misconfigured Actions 361
Connections Between Nibs — Not! 361
Additional Configuration of Nib-Based Instances 362
8. Documentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
The Documentation Window 367
Class Documentation Pages 369
Quick Help 372
Symbols 374
Header Files 375
Sample Code 376
Internet Resources 376
9. Life Cycle of a Project. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379
Device Architecture and Conditional Code 379
Backward Compatibility 380
Device Type 381
Table of Contents | vii
Version Control 383
Editing and Navigating Your Code 385
Autocompletion 386
Snippets 388
Fix-it and Live Syntax Checking 389
Navigation 390
Finding 391
Running in the Simulator 393
Debugging 394
Caveman Debugging 394
The Xcode Debugger 396
Testing 403
Clean 409
Running on a Device 410
Obtaining a Developer Program Membership 410
Signing an App 411
Automatic Development Signing 412
Obtaining a Development Certificate Manually 415
Obtaining a Development Provisioning Profile Manually 416
Running the App 418
Managing Certificates, Profiles, and Devices 418
Profiling 419
Gauges 420
Memory Debugging 421
Instruments 422
Localization 425
Localizing the Info.plist 426
Localizing a Nib File 427
Localizing Code Strings 429
Localizing With XML Files 431
Distribution 433
Making an Archive 433
Obtaining a Distribution Certificate Manually 434
Obtaining a Distribution Profile Manually 435
Ad Hoc Distribution 436
Final App Preparations 437
Icons in the App 437
Other Icons 439
Launch Images 439
Screenshots and Video Previews 440
Property List Settings 442
viii | Table of Contents