investment in human resources for the transformation of

342 Pages·2014·1.48 MB·English

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THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES ON THE
TRANSFORMATION OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY: FOCUS ON NIGERIAN
UNIVERSITY SYSTEM

ELIAS DARLINGTON ANZAKU
B.SC (ED) ECONS,M.SC ECONS (UNIJOS)
UJ/PGSS/7041/91

A thesis in the DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, Faculty of Social Sciences,
submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Jos,
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the
UNIVERSITY OF JOS.

OCTOBER, 2006
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DECLARATION

I, Elias Darlington Anzaku, do hereby declare that this work is the product of
my own research efforts; undertaken under the supervision of Dr J.H.Landi and Dr
A.O. Akerele and has not been presented else where for the award of a degree or
certificate. All sources have been duly distinguished and appropriately acknowledge.

…………………………….
Elias Darlington Anzaku
UJ/PGSS/7041/91
October 2006
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CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that this thesis has been examined and approved for the award of the
degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ECONOMICS (DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS)

___________________________ ___________________________
Professor Mike Kwanashie Dr. D.I. Mailafia (Senior Lecturer)
External Examiner Internal Examiner

Date:______________________ Date:______________________

___________________________ ___________________________
Dr. J.H. Landi (Senior Lecturer) Dr. A.O. Akerele (Reader)
Supervisor Co-Supervisor

Date:______________________ Date:______________________

___________________________ ___________________________
Dr. D.I. Mailafia (Senior Lecturer) Dr. D. Pam Sha (Reader)
Head of Department Representing the Dean of Faculty

Date:______________________ Date:______________________

___________________________
Professor G. A. Ubom
Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies

Date:______________________
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

In the course of this research and the realization of its goal, I enjoyed the
goodwill of so many persons in diverse ways. Dr. J.H. Landi, his role in the
completion of this research cannot be quantified. I appreciate his invaluable
assistance in charting my academic future and broadening my insight into
development economics. Indeed, he has been my academic mentor and ray source
of inspiration throughout this study. His detail scrutiny and extremely useful
comments have helped in shaping the quality of this dissertation. Dr A.O.Akerele
has persistently encouraged and supported me to accomplish this task. His
painstaking in going through the work and his valuable inputs has greatly
standardized the quality of this thesis. I want to say thank you and pray to God to
reward both of you bountifully from his treasure.
I am grateful to Professor C. Ezeomah and Dr A. Diallo for their roles in
improving the quality of this research. I appreciate the assistance of Mr J.H.
Majidadi. To Professor C.S. Ige, who inspired me into specializing in development
economics and planning and provided me an early frame for analytical rigour, I am
appreciative. Deserving particular mention is Dr D.I.Mailafia who gave me all the
support to complete this study. I want to specifically thank Professor O. Alaezi for
availing me the training and wisdom to conduct academic research. To Dr. L.A.
Ukachi, I am deeply grateful to you for opening me up to explore the area of human
resource development. I appreciate the kind gesture of Professor I. James, who
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provided me access to his library. D. Jilli-Dandam, A.N. Nden, Dr. S.A. Ede, M.T.
Chagga, U.M. Okpanachi, C.A. Abimiku, C.B. Longpoe, A.N.Gambo, Dr. J.A.
Mangvwat, Prof. M. Mangvwat and B.E. Kanchok, I thank you for your individual
roles. To Professors N.E. Gomwalk, I.L. Bashir, J.A. Idoko, I thank you for your
stimulus and invaluable assistance. Professor J.O. Kolawole, Mr T. Addai, I
appreciate your assistance. To Professors S.G. Tyoden, G.U.Ubom, G.O.Akpa,
G.Bozimo and Onje Gye-Wado, I remain grateful to you for your various roles,
encouragement and support. This research would not have been completed, if I
have not extensively benefited from a number of authors works. Indeed, I deeply
acknowledge all authors, whose ideas have greatly sharpened the direction of this
research. To place on record, the assistance rendered by Mr Carlos Idzia Ahmad of
blessed memory, Mr Yakubu M. Ayalo, Mr. Vincent V. Moven, Mr. Livinus Latwul,
Mr. Lanre Oshodi and Ms D. Daniel for their invaluable computer services for the
final draft of this dissertation. I am indeed grateful to my wife for her care and
support during this work, and also Pastor Mark Dauda and Rev. Moses Oguntade
for their support.
Finally, I acknowledge Mr. J.A. Anzaku and my entire family members for
being my source of inspiration, joy and support in the course of my academic
pursuit.
Elias Darlington Anzaku
October, 2006
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DEDICATION

To Ekom and Awoni
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page

TITLE PAGE i
DECLARATION ii
CERTIFICATION iii
ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv
DEDICATION vi
TABLE OF CONTENTS vii
LIST OF TABLES xi
ABSTRACT xiii

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 8
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 14
1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES 15
1.5 RETIONALE FOR INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES 15
1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH 19
1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH 20
1.8 SCOPE OF RESEARCH 21
1.9 METHOD OF STUDY 23
1.10 DEFINITION OF SAMPLING UNITS 24
1.11 SAMPLING FRAME, SELECTION AND STRATIFICATION 25
1.12 SAMPLE SIZE 25
1.13 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 26
1.14 THE MODEL 27
1.15 LIMITATION OF STUDY 32
1.16 RESEARCH OUTLAY 33
1.17 SUMMARY 34

CHAPTER TWO
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1 INTRODUCTION 36
2.2 A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INVESTMENT IN
HUMAN RESOURCES 36
2.2.1 Premises of Investment in Human Resources 43
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2.3 THE PHILOSOPHICAL PREMISE OF INVESTMENT IN
HUMAN RESOURCES IN NIGERIA 45
2.3.1 The Philosophy of Traditional Investment in
Human Resources in Nigeria 46
2.3.2 The Philosophy of Colonial Investment in
Human Resources in Nigeria 48
2.3.3 The Neo-colonial Philosophy of Human Resources
Investment in Nigeria 52
2.4 DEVELOPMENTS AND FORMATION OF HUMAN
CAPITAL 54
2.4.1 The Markets and Human Resource Development 58
2.4.2 Prices and Rewards for Human
Resources 61
2.4.3 The Brain Drain 63
2.4.4 The Demand and Supply of Human Resource
Development 67
2.4.5 The Nigeria Approach to Human Capital Formation 69
2.4.6 The Status of Human Capital Formation in Nigeria 76
2.4.7 Problems of Human Capital Formation in Nigeria 78
2.4.8 The Implementation of Human Capital Formation
in Nigeria 81
2.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 86
2.5.1 Strategic Areas of Choice in Human Resource
Development 88
2.52 Phases and Character of Strategies of
Human Resource development 92
2.5.3 The Plight of The Elites and Human Resource
Strategies 95
2.6 A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RESOURCE
DEVELOPMENT 99
2.7 SUMMARY 102

CHAPTER THREE
INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES FOR THE TRANSFORMATION
OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY

3.1 INTRODUCTION 107
3.2 THE RENAISSANCE OF INVESTMENT IN
HUMAN RESOURCES IN NIGERIA 107
3.3 THE SOURCES OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES
IN NIGERIA 116
3.4 PATTERNS OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES
IN NIGERIA 120
3.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION
IN NIGERIA 142
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3.5.1 Human Resource Utilization 144
3.5.2 Policy Approach to The Use of Human Capabilities 148
3.5.3 Paradigm of Human Resource Capabilities Approach 154
3.6 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS IN NIGERIA 158
3.7 INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC
TRANSFORMATION IN NIGERIA 165
3.8 CHANGING ECONOMIC PARADIGMS AND IMPACT OF
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 172
3.9 SUMMARY 176

CHAPTER FOUR
INVESTMENT IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF
HUMAN RESOURCES FOR NIGERIA'S TRANSFORMATION

4.1 INTRODUCTION 180
4.2 THE PHILOSOPHY OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 180
4.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN
NIGERIA 189
4.3.1 The Genesis of University Education in Nigeria 191
4.3.2 The Elliot and Asquith Commissions and
University Development 193
4.3.3 The Ashby Commission and University Development 198
4.3.4 The National Universities Commission (NUC) 205
4.4 PATTERN OF INVESTMENT IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 212
4.4.1 The State of Investment in University Education 224
4.5 THE NATURE AND STRUCTURE OF HUMAN
RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIAN
UNIVERSITIES 240
4.6 THE UTILIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES OF
NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES OUTPUT 249
4.7 SUMMARY 263

CHAPTER FIVE
DATA ANALYSES, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION

5.1 DATA PRESENTATION 265
5.2 MODEL OF SPECIFICATION 267
5.3 MODEL ESTIMATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 269

CHAPTER SIX
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION

6.1 INTRODUCTION 286
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6.2 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 286
6.3 POLICY IMPLICATION TO KNOWLEDGE 293
6.4 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE 299
6.5 CONCLUSION 300
BIBLIOGRAPHY 302