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342 Pages·2014·1.48 MB·English
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i THE IMPACT OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY: FOCUS ON NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY SYSTEM ELIAS DARLINGTON ANZAKU B.SC (ED) ECONS,M.SC ECONS (UNIJOS) UJ/PGSS/7041/91 A thesis in the DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS, Faculty of Social Sciences, submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, University of Jos, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY of the UNIVERSITY OF JOS. OCTOBER, 2006 ii DECLARATION I, Elias Darlington Anzaku, do hereby declare that this work is the product of my own research efforts; undertaken under the supervision of Dr J.H.Landi and Dr A.O. Akerele and has not been presented else where for the award of a degree or certificate. All sources have been duly distinguished and appropriately acknowledge. ……………………………. Elias Darlington Anzaku UJ/PGSS/7041/91 October 2006 iii CERTIFICATION This is to certify that this thesis has been examined and approved for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in ECONOMICS (DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS) ___________________________ ___________________________ Professor Mike Kwanashie Dr. D.I. Mailafia (Senior Lecturer) External Examiner Internal Examiner Date:______________________ Date:______________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Dr. J.H. Landi (Senior Lecturer) Dr. A.O. Akerele (Reader) Supervisor Co-Supervisor Date:______________________ Date:______________________ ___________________________ ___________________________ Dr. D.I. Mailafia (Senior Lecturer) Dr. D. Pam Sha (Reader) Head of Department Representing the Dean of Faculty Date:______________________ Date:______________________ ___________________________ Professor G. A. Ubom Dean, School of Postgraduate Studies Date:______________________ iv ACKNOWLEDGMENT In the course of this research and the realization of its goal, I enjoyed the goodwill of so many persons in diverse ways. Dr. J.H. Landi, his role in the completion of this research cannot be quantified. I appreciate his invaluable assistance in charting my academic future and broadening my insight into development economics. Indeed, he has been my academic mentor and ray source of inspiration throughout this study. His detail scrutiny and extremely useful comments have helped in shaping the quality of this dissertation. Dr A.O.Akerele has persistently encouraged and supported me to accomplish this task. His painstaking in going through the work and his valuable inputs has greatly standardized the quality of this thesis. I want to say thank you and pray to God to reward both of you bountifully from his treasure. I am grateful to Professor C. Ezeomah and Dr A. Diallo for their roles in improving the quality of this research. I appreciate the assistance of Mr J.H. Majidadi. To Professor C.S. Ige, who inspired me into specializing in development economics and planning and provided me an early frame for analytical rigour, I am appreciative. Deserving particular mention is Dr D.I.Mailafia who gave me all the support to complete this study. I want to specifically thank Professor O. Alaezi for availing me the training and wisdom to conduct academic research. To Dr. L.A. Ukachi, I am deeply grateful to you for opening me up to explore the area of human resource development. I appreciate the kind gesture of Professor I. James, who v provided me access to his library. D. Jilli-Dandam, A.N. Nden, Dr. S.A. Ede, M.T. Chagga, U.M. Okpanachi, C.A. Abimiku, C.B. Longpoe, A.N.Gambo, Dr. J.A. Mangvwat, Prof. M. Mangvwat and B.E. Kanchok, I thank you for your individual roles. To Professors N.E. Gomwalk, I.L. Bashir, J.A. Idoko, I thank you for your stimulus and invaluable assistance. Professor J.O. Kolawole, Mr T. Addai, I appreciate your assistance. To Professors S.G. Tyoden, G.U.Ubom, G.O.Akpa, G.Bozimo and Onje Gye-Wado, I remain grateful to you for your various roles, encouragement and support. This research would not have been completed, if I have not extensively benefited from a number of authors works. Indeed, I deeply acknowledge all authors, whose ideas have greatly sharpened the direction of this research. To place on record, the assistance rendered by Mr Carlos Idzia Ahmad of blessed memory, Mr Yakubu M. Ayalo, Mr. Vincent V. Moven, Mr. Livinus Latwul, Mr. Lanre Oshodi and Ms D. Daniel for their invaluable computer services for the final draft of this dissertation. I am indeed grateful to my wife for her care and support during this work, and also Pastor Mark Dauda and Rev. Moses Oguntade for their support. Finally, I acknowledge Mr. J.A. Anzaku and my entire family members for being my source of inspiration, joy and support in the course of my academic pursuit. Elias Darlington Anzaku October, 2006 vi DEDICATION To Ekom and Awoni vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page TITLE PAGE i DECLARATION ii CERTIFICATION iii ACKNOWLEDGMENT iv DEDICATION vi TABLE OF CONTENTS vii LIST OF TABLES xi ABSTRACT xiii CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY 1 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM 8 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS 14 1.4 STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES 15 1.5 RETIONALE FOR INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES 15 1.6 OBJECTIVES OF THE RESEARCH 19 1.7 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH 20 1.8 SCOPE OF RESEARCH 21 1.9 METHOD OF STUDY 23 1.10 DEFINITION OF SAMPLING UNITS 24 1.11 SAMPLING FRAME, SELECTION AND STRATIFICATION 25 1.12 SAMPLE SIZE 25 1.13 METHOD OF DATA ANALYSIS 26 1.14 THE MODEL 27 1.15 LIMITATION OF STUDY 32 1.16 RESEARCH OUTLAY 33 1.17 SUMMARY 34 CHAPTER TWO REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 INTRODUCTION 36 2.2 A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES 36 2.2.1 Premises of Investment in Human Resources 43 viii 2.3 THE PHILOSOPHICAL PREMISE OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES IN NIGERIA 45 2.3.1 The Philosophy of Traditional Investment in Human Resources in Nigeria 46 2.3.2 The Philosophy of Colonial Investment in Human Resources in Nigeria 48 2.3.3 The Neo-colonial Philosophy of Human Resources Investment in Nigeria 52 2.4 DEVELOPMENTS AND FORMATION OF HUMAN CAPITAL 54 2.4.1 The Markets and Human Resource Development 58 2.4.2 Prices and Rewards for Human Resources 61 2.4.3 The Brain Drain 63 2.4.4 The Demand and Supply of Human Resource Development 67 2.4.5 The Nigeria Approach to Human Capital Formation 69 2.4.6 The Status of Human Capital Formation in Nigeria 76 2.4.7 Problems of Human Capital Formation in Nigeria 78 2.4.8 The Implementation of Human Capital Formation in Nigeria 81 2.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES 86 2.5.1 Strategic Areas of Choice in Human Resource Development 88 2.52 Phases and Character of Strategies of Human Resource development 92 2.5.3 The Plight of The Elites and Human Resource Strategies 95 2.6 A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 99 2.7 SUMMARY 102 CHAPTER THREE INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF NIGERIAN ECONOMY 3.1 INTRODUCTION 107 3.2 THE RENAISSANCE OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES IN NIGERIA 107 3.3 THE SOURCES OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES IN NIGERIA 116 3.4 PATTERNS OF INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES IN NIGERIA 120 3.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION IN NIGERIA 142 ix 3.5.1 Human Resource Utilization 144 3.5.2 Policy Approach to The Use of Human Capabilities 148 3.5.3 Paradigm of Human Resource Capabilities Approach 154 3.6 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT EFFORTS IN NIGERIA 158 3.7 INVESTMENT IN HUMAN RESOURCES AND ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION IN NIGERIA 165 3.8 CHANGING ECONOMIC PARADIGMS AND IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT 172 3.9 SUMMARY 176 CHAPTER FOUR INVESTMENT IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RESOURCES FOR NIGERIA'S TRANSFORMATION 4.1 INTRODUCTION 180 4.2 THE PHILOSOPHY OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 180 4.3 THE DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN NIGERIA 189 4.3.1 The Genesis of University Education in Nigeria 191 4.3.2 The Elliot and Asquith Commissions and University Development 193 4.3.3 The Ashby Commission and University Development 198 4.3.4 The National Universities Commission (NUC) 205 4.4 PATTERN OF INVESTMENT IN UNIVERSITY EDUCATION 212 4.4.1 The State of Investment in University Education 224 4.5 THE NATURE AND STRUCTURE OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES 240 4.6 THE UTILIZATION OF HUMAN RESOURCES OF NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES OUTPUT 249 4.7 SUMMARY 263 CHAPTER FIVE DATA ANALYSES, INTERPRETATION AND DISCUSSION 5.1 DATA PRESENTATION 265 5.2 MODEL OF SPECIFICATION 267 5.3 MODEL ESTIMATION AND DISCUSSION OF RESULTS 269 CHAPTER SIX SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, POLICY IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSION 6.1 INTRODUCTION 286 x 6.2 SUMMARY OF MAJOR FINDINGS 286 6.3 POLICY IMPLICATION TO KNOWLEDGE 293 6.4 CONTRIBUTION TO KNOWLEDGE 299 6.5 CONCLUSION 300 BIBLIOGRAPHY 302

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