Investment and Employment Opportunities in China

500 Pages·2014·13.028 MB·English

by  Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest, Tao Lixin

INVESTMENT AND
EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
IN CHINA
Systems Evaluation, Prediction, and Decision-Making Series
Series Editor
Yi Lin, PhD
Professor of Systems Science and Economics
School of Economics and Management
Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics

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Theory of Science and Technology Transfer and Applications
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ISBN 978-1-4200-8741-3
INVESTMENT AND
EMPLOYMENT
OPPORTUNITIES
IN CHINA
Jeffrey Yi-Lin Forrest • Tao Lixin
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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Version Date: 20140930
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Contents
Synopsis ................................................................................................................................xi
Preface ...............................................................................................................................xiii
Introduction ........................................................................................................................xv
Authors ..............................................................................................................................xvii
SECTION I THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
1 Criteria for Discovering Imbalances in Macroeconomic System Structures ................3
1.1 Systems Science and the Systemic Yoyo Model ........................................................4
1.1.1 What Is Systems Science? ...........................................................................4
1.1.2 Development History of Systems Science ...................................................5
1.1.3 Formation of Systemic Thoughts—The Elementary Stage ..........................5
1.1.4 Quantitative Systems Science Developed for Applications ..........................9
1.1.5 Construction of a Comprehensive Systems Science ....................................13
1.1.6 The Systemic Yoyo Model ..........................................................................15
1.1.6.1 Experiment #1: Feel the Vibe .....................................................19
1.1.6.2 Experiment #2: She Does Not Like Me! ...................................20
1.2 A New Understanding of “Poverty Emerges from Surplus” ....................................21
1.2.1 Criterion for Finding Structural Imbalances in Economic Systems ..........22
1.2.2 Criteria for Optimizing Structures of Macroeconomic Systems ................24
1.2.3 Strategic Optimization of Structures of Macroeconomic Systems ..............25
SECTION II REGIONS AND INDUSTRIES IN EAST, CENTRAL,
AND WEST CHINA
2 Investment and Employment in East, Central, and West China ................................29
2.1 Regions of East, Central, and West China .............................................................29
2.1.1 Introduction .............................................................................................29
2.1.2 C urrent State of the Regional Economies of East, Central,
and West China .........................................................................................31
2.1.3 The Main Results of this Section ...............................................................35
2.1.4 A chievements and Lessons of the Regional Economic Development ........36
2.1.5 Directions, Focuses, and Measures for Strategic Optimization .................42
v
vi ◾ Contents
2.2 Economic Sectors of China....................................................................................44
2.2.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment
and Strategic Optimization.......................................................................44
2.2.2 S hifts of Capital and Rural Labors: Keys of Optimization
of Sectorial Structure ................................................................................46
3 East China: The Optimal Area ...................................................................................53
3.1 Regional Industries and Economic Sectors of the East ...........................................53
3.1.1 Current State of the Regional Economic Structure of East China .............53
3.1.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in East China .......................55
3.2 Shanghai.................................................................................................................57
3.2.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment
Structures of Shanghai ..............................................................................59
3.2.2 I nvestment and Employment in Shanghai’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ...............................................................................64
3.3 Guangdong Province .............................................................................................66
3.3.1 Current State of Investment and Employment
Structures of Guangdong ..................................................................68
3.3.2 I nvestment and Employment in Guangdong’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ...............................................................................73
3.4 Tianjin ...................................................................................................................75
3.4.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Tianjin .........76
3.4.2 I nvestment and Employment in Tianjin’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ............................................................................................81
3.5 Beijing ...................................................................................................................83
3.5.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Beijing ..........85
3.5.2 I nvestment and Employment in Beijing’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ...........................................................................................90
3.6 Shandong Province ................................................................................................92
3.6.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Shandong .............................................................................................94
3.6.2 I nvestment and Employment in Shandong’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ...........................................................................................99
3.7 Hebei Province .....................................................................................................102
3.7.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Hebei .........103
3.7.2 I nvestment and Employment in Hebei’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ..........................................................................................107
3.8 Zhejiang Province .................................................................................................109
3.8.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Zhejiang ..............................................................................................110
3.8.2 I nvestment and Employment in Zhejiang’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ..........................................................................................115
3.9 Fujian Province .....................................................................................................117
3.9.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Fujian ..................................................................................................119
3.9.2 I nvestment and Employment in Fujian’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................123
Contents ◾ vii
3.10 Hainan Province ...................................................................................................125
3.10.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Hainan ......126
3.10.2 I nvestment and Employment in Hainan’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ..........................................................................................131
3.11 Jiangsu Province ...................................................................................................133
3.11.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Jiangsu .......135
3.11.2 I nvestment and Employment in Jiangsu’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ..........................................................................................140
3.12 Liaoning Province .................................................................................................141
3.12.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Liaoning ..............................................................................................142
3.12.2 I nvestment and Employment in Liaoning’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ..............................................................................146
4 Central China: A General Area ................................................................................149
4.1 Industries and Economic Sectors of the Central Plane ..........................................149
4.1.1 Current State of the Regional Economic Structure
of Central China .....................................................................................149
4.1.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in Central China ................151
4.2 Henan Province ....................................................................................................152
4.2.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Henan ........155
4.2.2 I nvestment and Employment in Henan’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ..........................................................................................160
4.3 Shanxi Province ....................................................................................................162
4.3.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Shanxi ........164
4.3.2 I nvestment and Employment in Shanxi’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ..............................................................................169
4.4 Hunan Province ...................................................................................................171
4.4.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Hunan .......172
4.4.2 I nvestment and Employment in Hunan’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ..........................................................................................177
4.5 Inner Mongolia .....................................................................................................179
4.5.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Inner Mongolia....................................................................................182
4.5.2 I nvestment and Employment in Inner Mongolia’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ..............................................................................186
4.6 Heilongjiang Province ..........................................................................................187
4.6.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Heilongjiang ........................................................................................188
4.6.2 I nvestment and Employment in Heilongjiang’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ..............................................................................190
4.7. Jilin Province ........................................................................................................190
4.7.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Jilin ............193
4.7.2 I nvestment and Employment in Jilin’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ..............................................................................198
4.8 Hubei Province .....................................................................................................199
4.8.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Hubei .........201
viii ◾ Contents
4.8.2 I nvestment and Employment in Hubei’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................205
4.9 Guangxi Autonomous Region .............................................................................206
4.9.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Guangxi .............................................................................................208
4.9.2 I nvestment and Employment in Guangxi’s Economic Sectors
and Industries ..........................................................................................213
4.10 Anhui Province .....................................................................................................216
4.10.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Anhui .........217
4.10.2 I nvestment and Employment in Anhui’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................222
4.11 Jiangxi Province ...................................................................................................224
4.11.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Jiangxi .......225
4.11.2 I nvestment and Employment in Jiangxi’s Economic
Sectors and Industries .............................................................................230
5 West China—The Most Difficult Area......................................................................231
5.1 R egional Industries and Economic of the Most Difficult Area ..............................231
5.1.1 C urrent State of the Regional Economic Structure of West China ..........231
5.1.2 I nvestment and Employment Opportunities in West China ....................233
5.2 X injiang Autonomous Region..............................................................................234
5.2.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Xinjiang ..............................................................................................237
5.2.2 I nvestment and Employment in Xinjiang’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................242
5.3 Shaanxi Province .................................................................................................243
5.3.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Shaanxi ...............................................................................................244
5.3.2 I nvestment and Employment in Shaanxi’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................248
5.4 Sichuan Province ..................................................................................................250
5.4.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Sichuan ......252
5.4.2 I nvestment and Employment in Sichuan’s
Economic Sectors and Industries .............................................................257
5.5 Guizhou Province .................................................................................................258
5.5.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures of Guizhou .....259
5.5.2 I nvestment and Employment in Guizhou’s Economic
Sectors and Industries .............................................................................263
5.6 Qinghai Province ................................................................................................264
5.6.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Qinghai ..............................................................................................266
5.6.2 I nvestment and Employment in Qinghai’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ..............................................................................271
5.7 Gansu Province ...................................................................................................272
5.7.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures of Gansu .......273
5.7.2 I nvestment and Employment in Gansu’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................278
Contents ◾ ix
5.8 N ingxia Autonomous Region ..............................................................................279
5.8.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures of Ningxia .....280
5.8.2 I nvestment and Employment in Ningxia’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................286
5.9 Chongqing City ...................................................................................................288
5.9.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures
of Chongqing..........................................................................................290
5.9.2 I nvestment and Employment in Chongqing’s Economic Sectors
and Industries .........................................................................................295
5.10 Yunnan Province .................................................................................................297
5.10.1 Current State of Investment and Employment Structures of Yunnan .....300
5.11 Tibet Autonomous Region ..................................................................................300
5.11.1 C urrent State of Investment and Employment Structures of Tibet .........306
5.11.2 I nvestment and Employment in Tibet’s Economic
Sectors and Industries ..............................................................................310
SECTION III TRADITIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AREAS AND
MODERN SPECIAL ZONES
6 Regions and Industries in the Six Administrative Areas ..........................................315
6.1 Investment and Employment in the Six Administrative Areas ..............................315
6.1.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the Six Areas ..........................315
6.1.2 I nvestment and Employment Opportunities in the Six
Administrative Areas ..............................................................................322
6.2 The South Administrative Area ...........................................................................322
6.2.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the South Area ......................323
6.2.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in the South Area ...............324
6.3 The North Administrative Area ............................................................................325
6.3.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the North Area ......................325
6.3.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in the North Area ..............327
6.4 The East Administrative Area ...............................................................................327
6.4.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the East Area .........................327
6.4.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in the East Area..................329
6.5 The Northeast Administrative Area ......................................................................329
6.5.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the Northeast Area ................329
6.5.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in the Northeast Area.........331
6.6 The Northwest Administrative Area .....................................................................331
6.6.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the Northwest Area ...............331
6.6.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in the Northwest Area ........332
6.7 The Southwest Administrative Area ......................................................................333
6.7.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the Southwest Area ................333
6.7.2 Investment and Employment Opportunities in the Southwest Area ........335
7 Regions in the Three Special Areas of Modern China ..............................................337
7.1 The Special Economic Areas .................................................................................337
7.1.1 C urrent Regional Economic Structures of the Special
Economic Areas .......................................................................................337
x ◾ Contents
7.1.2 I nvestment and Employment Opportunities in the Special
Economic Areas ......................................................................................342
7.2 The Greater Pearl River Delta Region: The Optimal Area ...................................343
7.2.1 C urrent Regional Economic Structures of the Greater Pearl
River Delta Region .................................................................................343
7.2.2 I nvestment and Employment Opportunities in the Greater Pearl
River Delta Region ..................................................................................345
7.3 Yangtze River Delta Economic Zone: A Suboptimal Area ....................................345
7.3.1 C urrent Regional Economic Structures of the Yangtze River Delta
Economic Zone ......................................................................................346
7.3.2 I nvestment and Employment Opportunities in the Yangtze River
Delta Economic Zone .............................................................................348
7.4 Bohai Economic Rim: A Relatively Promising Area ............................................348
7.4.1 Current Regional Economic Structures of the Bohai Economic Rim .....348
7.4.2 I nvestment and Employment Opportunities in the Bohai
Economic Rim ........................................................................................350
SECTION IV UPDATES
Updates with 2012 Statistics ..................................................................... 353
8.1 Opportunities in East, Central, and West China ..................................................353
8.2 The East Region....................................................................................................357
8.3 The Central Plane ................................................................................................390
8.4 The West Region .................................................................................................421
8.5 Th e Six Administrative Areas................................................................................452
8.6 The Three Special Economic Areas .......................................................................459
Afterword ..........................................................................................................................465
References .........................................................................................................................467
Index .................................................................................................................................473