Investigation and Stimulation of Immunity in Cancer Patients PDF
Preview Investigation and Stimulation of Immunity in Cancer Patients
Recent Results in Cancer Research Fortschritte der Krebsforschung Progd:s dans Ies recherches sur Ie cancer 47 Edited by V. G. AllJrey, New York· M. Allgower, Basel· K. H. Bauer, Heidelberg 1. Berenblum, Rehovoth . F. Bergel, Jersey· J. Bernard, Paris W. Bernhard, VillejuiJ . N. N. Blokhin, Moskva' H. E. Bock, Tubingen P. Bucalossi, Milano' A. V. Chaklin, Moskva M. Chorazy, Gliwice' G. j. Cunningham, Richmond· M. Dargent, Lyon G. Della Porta, Milano' P. Denoix, VillejuiJ· R. Dulbecco, La Jolla H. Eagle, New York· E. Eker, Oslo' R. A. Good, New York P. Grabar, Paris' H. Hamperl, Bonn' R. J. C. Harris, Salisbury E. Hecker, Heidelberg· R. Herbeuval, Nancy· J. Higginson, Lyon W. C. Hueper, Fort Myers· H. Isliker, Lausanne j. Kieler, Kebenhavn . G. Klein, Stockholm' H. Koprowski, Philadelphia L. G. Koss, New York· G. Martz, Zurich· G. Mathe, VillejuiJ O. Muhlbock, Amsterdam' W. Nakahara, Tokyo· L. j. Old, New York V. R. Potter, Madison· A. B. Sabin, Rehovoth . L. Sachs, Rehovoth E. A. Saxen, Helsinki· C. G. Schmidt, Essen' S. Spiegelman, New York W. Szybalski, Madison' H. Tagnon, Bruxelles' R. M. Taylor, Toronto A. Tissieres, Geneve . E. Uehlinger, Zurich· R. W. Wissler, Chicago Editor in CieJ P. Rentchnick, Geneve Investigation and Stimulation of Immunity in Cancer Patients Edited by G. Mathe and R. Weiner With 143 Figures Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg. New York 1974 Proceedings of the CNRS Colloquium. Paris, June 21-22,1972 GEORGES MATHE, Professor, Institut de Cancerologie et d'Immunogenetique, H6pital Paul-Brousse, F-94 Villejuif Roy WEINER, M.D., Children's Cancer Research Foundation, 35 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115/USA Sponsored by the Swiss League against Cancer Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Investigation and stimulation of immunity in cancer patients. (Recent results in cancer research, 47) "Proceedings of the CNRS colloquium, Paris, June 21-22, 1972 ... Sponsored by the Swiss League against Cancer." Bibliography: p. 1. Cancer-Immunological aspects. 1. Mathe, Georges, 1922- ed. II. Weiner, Roy S., ed. III. France. Centre national de la recherche scientifique. IV. Schweizerische Nationalliga fiir Krebsbekampfung und Krebsforschung. V. Series. RC261.R35 no. 47 [RC262] 616.9'94'008s [616.9'94'079] 74-10816 ISBN 978-3-642-49286-0 ISBN 978-3-642-49284-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-49284-6 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying mamine or similar means, and storage in data banks. Under § 54 of the German Copyright Law where copies are made for other than private use, a fee is payable to the publisher, the amount of the fee to be determined by agreement with the publisher. @) by Springer-Verlag Berlin· Heidelberg 1974 Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1974 The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that sum names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regu lations and therefore free for general use. Contents Introduction . 1 First Part. Investigation of Immunity in Cancer Patients 1. Non Specific MILLER, J. F. A. P.: Selective Activation of T Lymphocytes. Its Possible Appli- cation in the Immunomanipulation of Tumours. 5 THOMAS, E. D., FASS, 1., OCHS, H. D., MICKELSON, E. M., STORB, R., FEFER, A.: Immunological Reactivity of Human Recipients of Syngeneic and Alloge- neic Marrow Grafts . 12 SANTOS, G. W., MULLINS, G. M., BIAS, W. B., ANDERSON, P. N., GRAZIANO, K. D., KLEIN, D. 1., BURKE, P. ].: Immunological Studies in Acute Leu- kemia . 17 HERSH, E. M., FREIREICH, E. ]., MCCREDIE, K. B., GUTTERMAN, J. U., BODEY, G. P., WHITECAR, J. P., MAVLIGIT, G., CHEEMA, A. R.: Primary and Sec ondary Immune Responses in the Evaluation of Immunocompetence and Prognosis in Cancer Patients . . . . . . . . . 25 PINSKY, C. M., EL DOMEIRI, A., CARON, A. S., KNAPPER, W. H., OETTGEN, H. F.: Delayed-Hypersensitivity Reactions in Patients with Cancer . 37 SCHNEIDER, M., MATHE, G., SCHWARZENBERG, 1., POUILLART, P., WEINER, R., AMIEL, J. 1., HAYAT, M., JASMIN, C., DE VASSAL, F.: Nonspecific Immune Responses in Hematosarcomas and Acute Leukemias . . • . 42 2. Specific BARSKI, G., YOUN, J. K., LE FRANCOIS, D.: Kinetics of Specific Cell-Mediated Immune Response in Cancer-Bearing Hosts . . . . . . . . . . • 54 LEWIS, M. G.: Technical and Interpretative Problems with Immunofluorescence 58 CLARK, D. A., NATHANSON, 1.: Patterns of Cellular Immunity in Malignant Melanoma . . . . . • . • • 67 WIDMER, M. B., SEGALL, M., BACH, F. H., BACH, M. 1.: Lymphocyte-Defined Histocompatibility Differences as a Model for Tumor Antigens. . . . . 79 MAVLIGIT, G. M., GUTTERMAN, J. U., McBRIDE, CH. M., HERSH, M. E.: Cell Mediated Immunity to Human Solid Tumors: in vitro Detection by Lympho cyte Blastogenic Responses to Cell-Associated and Solubilized Tumor Antigens . ....... .••..•... 84 VI Contents GUTTERMAN, J. D., HERSH, E. M., MAVLIGIT, G., FREIREICH, E. J., ROSSEN, R. D., BUTLER, W. T., MCCREDIE, K. B., BODEY, G. P., RODRIGUEZ, V.: Cell Mediated and Humoral Immune Response to Acute Leukemia Cells and Soluble Leukemia Antigen-Relationship to Immunocompetence and Prog- noSIS . 97 LEVENTHAL, B. G., HALTERMAN, R. H., ROSENBERG, E. B., McCoy, J. L., HERBERMAN, R. B.: Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity in Human Acute Leukemia. 113 CEROTTINI, J.-c.: Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity and Tumor Immunity. 118 LECLERC, J. c., LEVY, J. P., GOMARD, E., PLATA, F., KOURILSKY, F. M.: Cell Mediated Immunity in Allogeneic and Tumor-Systems: Nature of the Cells Involved in Killing Target Cells . 122 REMOLD, H. G.: Inhibition of Leukocyte Migration in Man . 127 LACOUR, F., LACOUR, J., SPIRA, A., BAYET, S.: Effect of Autologous Serum on in vitro Inhibition of Leukocyte Migration by Autochthonous Tumor Ex- tracts from Human Patients 129 FREEMAN, C. B., WALKER, J. S., DAVIEs, D., COCKING, H., HARRIS, R.: Serum Inhibitory Factors in Acute Leukemia . 133 HERBERMAN, R. B.: Delayed Hypersensitivity Response toward Autochthonous Tumor Extracts 140 Second Part. Stimulation of Immunity and Cancer Immunity 1. Experimental MATHE, G., KAMEL, M., DEZFULIAN, M., HALLE-PANNENKO, 0., BOURUT, c.: Experimental Screening for "Systemic Adjuvants of Immunity" Applicable in Cancer Immunotherapy . 149 CHEDID, L., LAMENSANS, A.: Experimental Screening of Systemic Adjuvants Extracted from Mycobacteria. 166 PETIT, J. F., ADAM, A., CIORBARU, R., WIETZERBIN-FALSZPAN, J., LEDERER, E.: Chemical Structure of Mycobacterial Cell Walls . . 173 ADAM, A., CIORBARU, R., PETIT, J. F., LEDERER, E.: Water-Soluble, Immuno- Adjuvants form the Cell Wall of Mycobacterium Smegma tis . 179 JACOBS, D., YASHPHE, D. J., ABRAHAM, c.: Stimulation of T Cell Activity by a Methanol-Extraction Residue (MER) of BCG 183 PARANT, M., CHEDID, L.: Biological Properties of Non-Toxic Water-Soluble Immunoadjuvants from Mycobacterial Cells . 190 BONA, c., HEUCLIN, c., CHEDID, L.: Enhancement of Human Mixed-Lympho- cyte Cultures by a Water-Soluble Adjuvant. 196 LIACOPOULOS, P., BIRRIEN, J. L., BLEUX, c., COUDERC, J.: Early Recovery of the Immune Response of a Specifically Depleted Cell Population under the Influence of Water-Soluble Adjuvant . 201 MIGLIORE-SAM OUR, D., JOLLEs, P.: An Adjuvant-Active Water-Soluble Sub stance ("Polysaccharide-Peptidoglycan") from Mycobacterial Cells. Pre- paration by a Simple Extraction Technique . 207 Contents VII Hru, I. J.: MAAF: A Fully Water-Soluble Lipid-Free Fraction from BeG with Adjuvant and Antitumor Activity • 213 ASSELINEAU, J., PORTELANCE, V.: Comparative Study of the Free Lipids of Eight BCG Daughter Strains . 214 VILKAS, E., AMAR-NAcAscH, c., MARKOVITS, J.: A Galactose Disacmaride from Immunoadjuvant Fractions of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (Cell Wall and Wax D) . 221 BENACERRAF, B.: Summary of Working Session on the Mechanism of Action of Immunological Adjuvants . . • . . . . . . . 224 ROSENTHAL, S. R.: BCG and the Lympho-Reticuloendothelial System. 228 STIFFEL, C., MOUTON, D., BIOZZI, G.: Effect of Corynebacterium Parvum on Resistance to Experimental Leukemia in Relation to Genetic Modification of Immunoresponsiveness • . . . . • • . . • • • . . 239 MUNDER, P. G., MODoLELL, M.: The Influence of Mycobacterium Bovis and Corynebacterium Parvum on the Phospholipid Metabolism of Macrophages 244 GOREN, M. B., BRoKL, 0.: Separation and Purification of Cord Factor (6,6'~Di mycoloyl Trehalose) from Wax C or from Mycolic Acids. . . . . . . 251 BEKIERKUNST, A.: Granuloma Induction and Stimulation of the Immune Re- sponse in Mice with Trehalose-6,6'-Dimycolate. .... 259 HALPERN, B.: Corynebacterium Parvum: An Immunomodulator . 262 WOODRUFF, M. F. A.: Nonspecific Effects of Corynebacteria on Systemic Im munity Responses . 272 J.-c., KOUZNETZOVA, B., BIZZINI, B., CHERMANN, DEGRAND, F., PREVOT, A.-R., RAYNAUD, M.: Immunostimulating Activity of Whole Cells, Cell-Walls and Fractions of Anaerobic Corynebacteria. . .. .... 275 PILET, CH., LE GARREC, Y., TouJAs, L., SABOLOVIC, D., MONTEIL, J. C., J.: ROTHIER, F., MISHRA, U., GHEBREIDWET, B., GUELFI, Nonspecific Stimu lation by Inactivated or Ultrasonicated Brucella Abortus. . . 294 TouJAs, L., DAzoRD, L., GUELFI, J.: Increase of Brucella-Induced Immuno stimulation by Administration in Combination with a Specific Antiserum • 302 DONNER, M., VAILLIER, D.: Alterations in Immune Response to Experimental Murine Tumor-Associated Antigens Following Administration of BCG or Polysacmaride from Proteus vulgaris . . . . . 308 c., BORTIN, M. M., RIMM, A. A., SALTZSTEIN, E. SHALABY, M. R., RODEY, G. E.: Cell-Mediated Immunity in AKR Mice Treated with Lentinan, a Fungal Polysaccharide. . . • . . . . . 320 GRESSER, I.: The Antitumor Effects of Interferon 327 MARDINEY, M. R., CHESS, L., LEVY, C., SCHMUKLER, M., SMITH, K.: Use of Double-Stranded Synthetic Polynucleotides in Amplifying Immunologically Induced Lymphocyte Proliferation . • • . • • . 330 c.: BRAUN, W., SHIOZAWA, Immunoenhancing and Antitumor Effects of Agents that Elevate Endogenous Cyclic AMP Levels . ..•.... 338 BALDWIN, R. W., PIMM, M. V.: BCG Immunotherapy of Pulmonary Deposits from Experimental Rat Tumours of Defined Immunogenicity • 345 ZBAR, B.: Specific and Nonspecific Immunotherapy: Use of BCG . 350 VIII Contents LACOUR, F., LACOUR, J., SPIRA, A.: Poly A. Poly U as an Adjunct to Surgery in the Treatment of Spontaneous Murine Mammary Adenocarcinoma. 352 BEKESI, J. G., HOLLAND, J. F.: Combined Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy of Transplantable and Spontaneous Murine Leukemia in DBA/2 and AKR Mice . 357 SIMMONS, L. R., RIDS, A.: Modification of Immunogenicity in Experimental Immunotherapy and Prophylaxis. 370 PRAGER, M. D., RIBBLE, R. ]., MEHTA, ]. M.: Aspects of the Immunology of the Tumor-Host Relationship and Responsiveness to Modified Lymphoma Cells 379 c., DORE, J. F., HADJIYANNAKIS, M. ]., COUDERT, A., GUIBOUT, MARHOLEY, 1., IMAI, K.: Use of Enzyme-Treated Cells in Immunotherapy of Leukemia. 387 c.: MATHE, G., HALLE-PANNENKO, 0., BOURUT, Active Immunotherapy of AKR Mouse Spontaneous Leukemia. 389 BOONE, C. W.: Augmented Immunogenicity of Tumor Cell Homogenates In- fected with Influenza Virus. 394 MARTYRE, M.-C., HALLE-PANNENKO, 0., JOLLES, P.: Characterization and Puri- fication of Rauscher Leukemia-Associated Transplantation Antigens. 401 MARTYRE, M.-C., WEINER, R., HALLE-PANNENKO, 0.: The in vivo Activity of Soluble Extracts Obtained from RC19 Leukemia: Effect of the Method of Extraction . 405 BENJAMINI, E., SCIBIENSKI, R. T.: The Preferential Induction of Cell-Mediated Immunity and Some Preliminary Observations on its Application to Tumor Immunotherapy 408 2. Clinical BLUMING, A., VOGEL, L., ZIEGLER, ]. L.: Clinical Screening of Systemic Adju- vants of Immunity 415 ROSENTHAL, S. R., CRISPEN, R. G., THORNE, M. G., PIEKARSKI, N., RAISYS, N., RETTIG, P.: BCG Vaccination and Leukemia Mortality 421 c., MARDINEY, M. R., CHESS, 1., BOCK, G. N., UNGARO, P. BUCHHOLZ, D. H.: Immunologic Effects of BCG in Patients with Malignant Melanoma . 426 MATHE, G., POUILLART, P., SCHWARZENBERG, 1., WEINER, R., RAPPAPORT, H., c., HAYAT, M., DE VASSAL, F., AMIEL, J. L., SCHNEIDER, M., JASMIN, ROSEN c.: FELD, Attempts at Immunotherapy of 100 Acute Lymphoid Leukemia Patients: Some Factors Influencing Results . 434 POWLES, R., McELMAIN, T. ]., ALEXANDER, P., CROWTHER, D., FAIRLEY, G., PIKE, M.: Immunotherapy of Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia in Man. 449 c., SAUTER, LINDENMANN, ]., GERBER, A., MARTZ, G.: Acute Myeloblastic Leukemia: Replication of Avian Influenza Virus in Human Myeloblasts and First Attempt at Clinical Application . 455 MAGRATH, I. T., ZIEGLER, J. 1., BLUMING, A. Z.: Preliminary Results of a Ran- domized Trial of BCG Immunotherapy in Burkitt's Lymphoma . 461 PINES, A.: BCG Immunotherapy in the Treatment of Inoperable Carcinoma of the Lung . 466 Contents IX RUMKE, P., BERNHEIM, J., V. D. VORM, D. H., VAN PEPERZEEL, H. A., Looy SEN, R.: Effect of BCG Stimulation on the Growth Rate of Pulmonary Metastases in 3 Patients with Melanoma. 470 BERNHEIM, J. J. L.: Immunotherapy of a Solid Tumor (Melanoma) with BCG: A Comment on the Risks of Enhancement 473 GUTTERMAN, J. D., MAVLIGIT, G., McBRIDE, CH. M., FREI, E. III, HERSH, E. M.: BCG Stimulation of Immune Responsiveness m Patients with Malignant Melanoma 476 ISRAEL, L.: Clinical Results with Corynebacteria. 486 c.: MARCOVE, R. A Clinical Trial of Autogenous Vaccines in the Treatment of Osteogenic Sarcoma . 488 SOKAL, J. E., AUNGST, C. W.: Immunization with Cultured Cell-BCG Mixtures 496 Introduction G.MATHE Institut de Cancerologie et d'Immunogenetique (INSERM et Association Claude-Bernad), H6pital Paul-Brousse and Institute Gustave-Roussy, Villejuif 20 years ago, the main, if not only object of the cancer therapist was to effect complete surgical exeresis or radiotherapeutic destruction of a local tumor, or to obtain, by means of chemotherapy, an "apparently complete regression" of a local or disseminated neoplasia. Today it is realized that (a) at the time of the operation or radiotherapy, two patients in every three carrying an apparently localized tumor have a few cancer cells outside the area where the tumor seems localized; (b) when "apparently complete regression" or even an "apparently complete remission" is induced by chemotherapy, not all the neoplastic cells have been eradicated. In both cases an imperceptible residual neoplasm persists, the growth of which will in due course make it perceptible again, giving rise to metastasis or to a systemic or localized relapse. There is thus an urgent need for a new technique capable of killing the last cell or cells. Our experiments in mice on the effectiveness of active immunotherapy, which involves the manipulation of the immune machinery, have shown that this treatment is able to kill all the cells, down to the very last cell of a given leukemia, provided that the total number of cells does not exceed a few thousand [1, 2]. We proposed in 1964 to use active immunotherapy to eradicate the residual cells left by chemoradiotherapy in acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Seven of the 20 patients randomized in the immunotherapy group are still in remission today and have not presented with a relapse for periods varying from 7 to 10 years. On the other hand, all. the controls relapsed within a few months. This is indeed a demonstration of the ability of immunotherapy to eradicate the last cells [3,4]. The evidence is accumulating: our other trials on ALL [4, 5], our trial on leu kemic (terminal) lymphosarcomas [5], those of POWLES in the U.K. [6] and of the South Eastern Group in the U.S.A. [7] on acute myeloid leukemia, Sokal's trials on chronic myeloid leukemia [8] and on non leukemic lymphomas [9], BLUMING'S trial [10], and the trial of GUTTERMAN, HERSCH, FREIREICH and FREI on melanoma [11], and now that of MARCOVE and SOUTHAM [12] on osteosarcoma demonstrate that immunotherapy acts on the imperceptible residual disease. Another approach to active immunotherapy, called "local" because of the intra tumor administration of the immunity-manipulating agents, has been tried with success by ZBAR and RAPP [13] in guinea pigs, and by MORTON et al. [14] in man. 2 G. MATHE: Introduction Active immunotherapy [15], complementing the adoptive immunotherapy proposed by us in 1959 [16], and passive immunotherapy [17], is now the fourth method of treating cancer. The time is now ripe for it to be used in an attempt to eradicate the imperceptible residual disease left by the surgeon, the radiotherapist, or the chemotherapist. For this treatment to succeed, progress must be made not only in the techniques and methods of active immunotherapy, but also in evaluating the immune status of the patient. And finally, there is still room for improvement in the logistics of treating cancer patients. References 1. MATHE, G.: Immunotherapie active de la leucemie L 1210 appliquee apres la greffe tumorale. Rev. Fr. Et. Clin. BioI. 13, 881 (1968). 2. MATHE, G., POUILLART, P., LAPEYRAQUE, F.: Active immunotherapy ofL 1210 leukemia applied after the graft of tumour cells. Brit. J. Cancer 23, 814 (1969). 3. MATHE, G., AMIEL, J. L., SCHWARZENBERG, L., SCHNEIDER, M., CATTAN, A., SCHLUMBERGER, J. R., HAYAT, M., DE VASSAL, P.: Active immunotherapy for acute lymphoid leukemia. Lancet 1969 1,697. 4. MATHE, G., SCHWARZENBERG, L., AMIEL, J. L., POUILLART, P., HAYAT, M., DE VASSAL, F., c., c.: ROSENFELD, JASMIN, New experimental and clinical data on leukemia immunotherapy. Proc. Royal Soc. Med. 1974, in press. 5. MATHE, G., POUILLART, P., SCHWARZENBERG, L., HAYAT, M., AMIEL, J. L., DE VASSAL, F.: Leukaemic conversion of non-Hodgkin's malignant lymphomas. Brit. J. Cancer 1974, in press. 6. POWLES, R., KAY, H. E. M., McELWAIN, T. J., ALEXANDER, P., CROWTHER, D., HAMILTON FAIRLEY, G., PIKE, M.: Immunotherapy of acute myeloblastic leukaemia in man. In: Investiga tion and stimulation of immunity in cancer patients (G. MATHE and R. WEINER, Eds.). Berlin Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974. 7. VOGLER, W. R., CHAN, Y. K.: Effect of bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) in prolongation of remissions in acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML). Proc. Amer. Ass. Cancer Res. 15, 164 (1974). (Abstract no. 723.) 8. SOKAL, J. E., AUNGST, C. W.: Immunization with cultured cell-BCG mixtures. In: Investigation and stimulation of immunity in cancer patients (G. MATHE and R. WEINER, Eds.). Berlin Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974. 9. SOKAL, J. E., AUNGST, C. W., SNYDERMAN, M.: Prolongation of remission in stage I and II lymphoma by BCG vaccination. Proc. Amer. Ass. Cancer Res. 15, 13 (1974). (Abstract no. 51.) 10. BLUMING, A. Z., VOGEL, C. L., ZIEGLER, J. L., MODY, N., KAMYA, G.: Immunological effects of BCG in patients with malignant melanoma. A comparison of two modes of administration. Ann. Intern. Med. 76, 405 (1972). 11. GUTTERMAN, J. D., McBRIDE, c., PREIREICH, E. J., MAVLIGIT, G., FREI, E. III, HERSH, E. M.: Active immunotherapy with BCG for recurrent malignant melanoma. Lancet 1973 I, 1208. c., 12. MARCOVE, R. SOUTHAM, C. M., LEVIN, A. G., HUVORS, A. G., MIKE, V.: A clinical trial of autogenous vaccine in the treatment of osteogenic sarcoma. In: Investigation and stimulation of immunity in cancer patients (G. MATHE and R. WEINER, Eds.). Berlin-Heidelberg-New York: Springer 1974. 13. ZBAR, B., BERNSTEIN, 1. D., RAPP, H. J.: Suppression of tumor growth at the site of infection with living bacillus Calmette-Guerin. J. Nat. Cancer Inst. 46, 831 (1971). 14. MORTON, D. L., EILBER, F. R., MALMGREN, R. A., WOOD, W. C.: Immunological factors which influence response to immunotherapy in malignant melanomas. Surgery 68, 158 (1970). 15. MATHE, G.: Active immunotherapy. Adv. Cancer Res. 14, 1 (1971). 16. THOMPSON, R. B., MATHE, G.: Adoptive immunotherapy in malignant disease. Transplant Rev. 9, 54 (1972). 17. MOTTA, R.: Passive immunotherapy of leukemia and other cancers. Adv. Cancer Res. 14, 161 (1971).
The list of books you might like
