Invertebrates

2012·22.6 MB·English

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United Nations Decade on 81,odlverslty
,STATE FAU A S 20
PA T - 2
NVE EBRATE
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State Fauna Series, 20
FAUNA OF MAHARASHTRA
(PART-2)
INVERTEBRA TES
Edited by
The Director, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata
Zoological Survey of India
Kolkata
CITATION
Editor-Director, 2012. Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20(Part-2) : 1-673 (Published by the
Director, Zool. Surv. India, Kolkata)
Published: November, 2012
ISBN 978·81·8171·306·1
Project Co-ordinators
Dr. Anil Mahabal, Scientist-F (Retd.)
and
Dr. R.M. Sharma, Scientist-D & Officer-in-charge
© Govt. of India, 2012
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Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore.
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STATE FAUNA SERIES
FAUNA OF MAHARASHTRA
No. 20 (part·2) 2012 1-673
CONTENTS
1. PARASITIC PROTOZOA .................................................................................................... 1-193
N.C. Nandi, C. Kalavati, S. Nikam, L. Bindu, R. Nandi and R. Ghosh
2. FREELIVING PROTOZOA .............................................................................................. 195-214
L. Bindu and D. Saha
3. FRESHWATER SPONGES .............................................................................................. 215-216
H.V. Gbate
4. NEMATODA ..................................................................................................................... 217-248
Padma Bobra
5. LAND AND FRESHWATER MOLLUSCA ................................................................... 249-289
S.G. Patil and S.S. Talmale
6. MARINE GASTROPODS (MOLLUSCA: GASTROPODA) ........................................ 291-302
S.K. Pati and R.M. Sharma
7. MARINE BIVALVES (MOLLUSCA: BIVALVIA) ..................................................... 303-308
S.K. Pati and R.M. Sharma
8. FRESHWATER OSTRACODS ........................................................................................ 309-319
S.G. Patil and S.S. Talmale
9. CLADOCERA .................................................................................................................... 321-359
Pramod D. Rane
10. FRESHWATER PRAWNS (ATYIDAE : PALAEMONIDAE : DECAPODA) ............ 361-363
S.K. Pati and R.M. Sharma
11. FRESHWATER CRABS (GECARCINUCIDAE: BRACHYURA : DECAPODA) .... 365-366
S.K. Pati and R.M. Sharma
12. CRUSTACEA: ISOPODA ............................................................................................... 367-373
M.K. Dev Roy, S. Mitra and S.K. Pati
13. BARNACLES (CRUSTACEA: MAXILLOPODA : CIRRIPEDIA) ............................ 375-377
S.K. Pati and R.M. Sharma
14. MARINE WOOD BORERS ............................................................................................. 379-380
D. Swain, S.K. Pati, M.V. Rao and R.M. Sharma
15. MARINE CRABS (DECAPOD A : ANOMURA AND BRACHYURA) ...................... 381-385
S.K. Pati, K.C. Sahu, D. Swain, S.K. Baliarsingh and R.M. Sharma
16. SHRIMPS (CRUSTACEA: DECAPODA: DENDROBRANCHIATA: PENAEIDAE) 387-393
M.K. Dev Roy and S. Rath
(iv)
17. INSECTA: EPHEMEROPTERA (MAYFLIES) ............................................................. 395-396
R.M. Sharma and Kailash Chandra
18. INSECTA: ODONATA ................................................................................................... 397-428
P.P. Kulkarni, R. Babu, S.S. Talmale, Chhaya Sinha and S.B. Mondal
19. INSECTA: ORTHOP'fERA ............................................................................................. 429-436
Kailash Chandra and S.K. Gupta
20. INSECTA: DERMAP'fERA ............................................................................................ 437-438
M.J. Jadhav, S.S. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
21. INSECTA: EMBIOPTERA (WEB SPINNERS) ............................................................ 439-440
R.M. Sharma and Kailash Chandra
22. INSECTA: MANTODEA ................................................................................................ 441-445
R.V. Ghate, S.S. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
23. INSECTA: BLATIODEA ............................................................................................... 447-448
S.S. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
24. INSECTA: HEMIPTERA : APHIDIDAE ...................................................................... 449-463
B.C. Das and P.P. Kulkarni
25. INSECTA: HOMOPTERA : MEMBRACIDAE ............................................................ 465-466
G. Thirumalai, S. Prabakaran and R.M. Sharma
26. INSECTA: HEMIPTERA (AQUATIC and SEMI AQUATIC) .................................... 467-472
G. Thirumalai and R.M. Sharma
27. INSECTA: HEMIP'fERA : PENTATOMIDAE ............................................................. 473-475
Girish Pathak, R. V. Ghate and R.M. Sharma
28. INSECTA: HEMIPTERA: REDUVIIDAE ASSASSIN BUGS ................................... 477-478
R.M. Sharma and R. Bano
29. INSECTA: HOMOPTERA SCALE INSECTS AND MEALY BUGS ........................ 479-483
M.J. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
30. INSECTA: NEUROPTERA ............................................................................................. 485-488
R.M. Sharma and Kailash Chandra
31. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA : SCARABAEIDAE SCARABAEID BEETLES ............. 489-494
M.J. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
32. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA : BRUCHIDAE BRUCHIDS ............................................ 495-497
R. Bano, Kavita Gupta, Charan Singh and R.M. Sharma
33. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA (AQUATIC) ................................... ~ ................................... 499-501
R.M. Sharma and R. Bano
34. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA: CERAMBYCIDAE ......................................................... 503-505
R.V. Ghate
35. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE ......................................................... 507-509
S.S. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
36. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA: CICINDELIDAE ............................................................. 511-512
S.S. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
M
37. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA: ELATERIDAE ................................................................ 513-516
Amol Patwardhan and R.P. Athalye
38. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE ....................................................... 517-522
Priyanka Dutta Saha, M.J. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
39. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELOIDEA : CHRYSOMELIDAE :
CASSIDINAE .................................................................................................................... 523-526
H.V. Ghate
40. INSECTA: COLEOPTERA: RHYNCHOPHORA : CURCULIONIDAE ................... 527-528
S.S. Jadhav and R.M. Sharma
41. INSECTA: MECOPTERA (SCORPIONFLIES) .................................................................... 529
R.M. Sharma and Kailash Chandra
42. INSECTA: DIP'fERA ...................................................................................................... 531-538
Priyanka Dutta Saha, R.M. Sharma and Bulganin Mitra
43. INSECTA: DIPTERA : CECIDOMYIIDAE (GALL MIDGES) .................................. 539-548
R.M. Sharma
44. INSECTA: DIPTERA : TABANIDAE ........................................................................... 549-550
R.M. Sharma
45. INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA AND GRypOCERA ....................... 551-562
R.M. Sharma
46. INSECTA: TRICHOPTERA (CADDISFLIES) .............................................................. 563-565
R.M. Sharma and Kailash Chandra
47. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE ............................................................ 567-586
S. Sheela and A. Chattopadhyay
48. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE : ENCYRTINAE .............................. 587-604
S.I. Kazmi and P. Girish Kumar
49. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE: TERACNEMINAE ........................ 605-618
S.I. Kazmi and P. Girish Kumar
50. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA : SCOLIIDAE ................................................................ ~l9-625
P. Girish kumar and S.I. Kazmi
51. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE ................................................... 627-636
S.M. Nikam and A.J. Kharat
52. CHILOPODA: SCOLOPENDROMORPHA : SCOLOPENDRIDAE ........................... 637-659
B.E. Yadav
53. ACARINA: ARACHNIDA .............................................................................................. 661-665
A.N. Sirsikar and D.D. Wanule
54. ARACHNIDA: ACARINA: ASTIGMATA (HOUSE DUST MITES) ....................... 667-668
S.B. J ogdand
55. ARACHNIDA: ACARINA: TROMBICULIDAE (CHIGGER MITES) ..................... 669-670
R. Bano and R.M. Sharma
56. ARACHNIDA: SCORPIONIDA ..................................................................................... 671-673
D.B. Bastawade
Zool. Surv. India
Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20(part-2) : 1-193, 2012
PARASITIC PROTOZOA
N.C. NANDI, C. KALAVATI*, S. NIKAM**, L. HINDU, R. NANDI and R. GHOSH
Zoological Survey of India. M-Block. New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053
INTRODUCTION R. Krishnamurthy and his co-workers (1967-
1978). Subsequently, Nandi (1976), Sultana (1976-
Maharashtra state which spreads over an area
1978), McClure et ai. (1978), Wahul (1980-87),
of about 308,000 sq kIn, lies between 12°37' and
Kshirsagar (1984) and recently Nikam and her
19°54' N latitudes and between 76°46' and 84°46'
associates (2000-2005) have added an appreciable
E longitudes, is the 3rd largest state in India and
number of species of protozoan parasites from
has 61,939 sq kIn under forest cover. It is the
this state. These research reports, as well as our
second most populous state in India w~th
own faunistic survey results including those from
96,752,247 persons (2001 provisisional census
Prof Susheel R. Nikam' s research work during
report), distributed under 35 districts with state
2000 onwards are collated and presented as a
capital in Mumbai (erstwhile Bombay).
consolidated document from this 3rd largest state
Topogrpically, Maharashtra state has a uniform
of the country. As a result, in the present
landscape with little rocky hills in some places
communication, a total of 474 species of parasitic
along with prominent physical features like
protozoa belonging to 4 phyla viz.,
Western Ghats, Deccan Plateau and Konkan coast.
Sarcomastigophora (186 species), Apicomplexa
The river systems of Krishna, Godavari,. Tapi
(236 species), Myxozoa (32 species), and
Puma and Wardha-Wainganga have converted the
Ciliophora (20 species), mainly belonging to
plateau region into well defined river Valleys, while
intestinal flagellates, haemoflagellates,
Konkan region is dominated with many fast
haemogregarines, gregarines, coccidians.
flowing streams that end up as estuaries. As a
haemosporidians, piroplasms and ciliates were
state it offers a wide variety of habitats for wild
recorded. Amongst these, five coccidian species
animals including protozoan parasites and their
viz., Eimeria hemidactyli, E. knowles;, E.
hosts.
columbae, E. debliecki and E. zuernii constitute
Protozoa fauna of Maharashtra, particularly
first report from this state.
parasitic protozoa of this state, though have been
initiated from the first half of the twentieth century A systematic list, a host-parasite list and a
by Berestneff (1903), Lingard (1904), systematic account of these parasites inhabiting
Bezzenberger (1904), Bosanquet (1910), Bhatia both vertebrate and invertebrate host species are
and Chatterjee (1925), Setna (1927), Setna and included in this paper to indicate the occurrence
Bana (1935), Zargar (1945), etc., but intensively of microscopic unicellular parasitofauna hitherto
investigated during the second half mainly by Prof known from this state.
*Department of Zoology, Andhra UniverSity, Visakhapatnam-530 003
**Department of Zoology, Dr. B.A.M. University, Aurangabad-43 J 002, Maharashtra
2 Fauna of Maharashtra, State Fauna Series, 20
MATERIAL AND METHODS Ciliophora. The entire text of this document was
di vided under different parts to distribute amongst
Although an earlier survey in 1973 (Nandi,
the authors for the purpose of preparation of the
1976) and a few recent surveys have been made
manuscript as follows :
on protozoan parasites by researchers of
N. C. Nandi: Introductory and concI uding part,
Zoological Survey of India, the present study has
Phyla Apicomplexa (except
been augmented and enriched through the
collaboration from Marathwada University (SN) Coccidia and Gregarinea)
who had the privilege to examine materials over Ciliophora and Myxozoa and
the years with her students and co-workers editing of the text.
collecting samples mainly during 1990 onwards C. Kalavati: Preparing write up of the Phylum
and also due to expert collaboration from Andhra Sarcomastigophora as well as
University (CK). Besides these, references related
figures and literature collection on
to protozoan parasites of Maharashtra State have
Ciliophora.
also been collected from Zoological Records as
S. Nikam : Order Coccidia and Gregarinea.
well as Bibliography of Indian Zoology and
L. Bindu : Survey work, setting figures,
consulted to compile this document. As such,
reference collection and
besides earlier studies, literatures on parasitic
coordination
protozoa fauna of Maharashtra, mostly of
Krishnamurthy and his co-workers (1966-1977), R. Nandi: Order Coccidia, survey work and
Sultana (1976-1978), Wahul (1980-85), Kshirsagar library work.
(1984) and recently Nikam and her associates
R. Ghosh: Library consultation and reference
(2000-2005) form the basis of this paper.
collection
For collection and preservation of parasitic A systematic list of parasitic species occurring
protozoa, methodology given by Mandai and Nandi
in the state is provided for quick reference to host
(1980), Mandai et al. (1990), Das et al. (1993),
and locality (district). A host parasite list is also
Nandi (2004) and Nandi et al. (2004) were adopted
provided for reference to parasites occurring in
for parasitological study. However, the methods
the respective host in addition to authors. A
for staining and examining blood protozoa
bibliography of all the references is cited at the
employed during earlier survey work can be
end for convenience of the readers, which include
consulted from Nandi (1976). The classification
research papers, articles, Ph.D. and M. Phil. Theses
followed in this document mostly based on Levine
so that one may know the extent of work done on
et al. (1980), while Wenyon (1926), Bhatia (1936,
this subject from this state.
1938), Kudo (1966), Levine (1967, 1988), Corliss
(1979), Kreier (1978), Nandi et al. (1983, 2002),
SYSTEMATIC LIST OF PARASITIC
Nandi (1984), Mandai et al. (1993) and Kreier and
PROTOZOA
Baker (1994) were consulted for reference study.
The systematic list of species of parasitic
Coverage protozoa along with locality (district) of occurrence
hitherto known/recorded from the state of
The coverage extends to four phyla viz.,
Maharashtra is as follows :
Sacomastigophora, Apicomplexa, Myxozoa and
NANDI et ale : Parasitic Protozoa 3
PARASITE HOST LOCALITY
Kingdom PROTISTA
Subkingdom PROTOZOA
Phylum SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA
Class ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA
Order KINETOPLASTIDA
Suborder BODONINA
Family BODONIDAE
Genus Cryptobia Leidy, 1846
Subgenus Trypanoplasma Laveran and Mesnil, 1901
...
c.
1. (T.) attui Wahul, 1986 Wallago attu Puma, Parbhani,
Aurangabad
2. C. (T.) cavae;; Wahul, 1985 Mystus cavacius Aurangabad
c.
3. (T.) krishnamurthyi Wahul, 1985 Mystus cavae ius Puma, Parbhani
4. C. (T.) lomi Wahul, 1986 Puntius hexastichus Puma, Parbhani
5. C" (T.) qadrii Krishnamurthy Labeo calbasu Puma, Parbhani
and Wahul, 1986 Labeo dyocheilus Puma, Parbhani
6. C. (T.) sarana~ Wahul, 1986 Puntius sarana Aurangabad
7. C. (T.) seenghali Wahul, 1985 Mystus seenghala Puma, Parbhani
8. C. (T.) solapurensis Wahul, 1986 Puntius jerdoni Solapur
9. C. (T.) vidyai Wahul, 1985 Mystus seenghala Puma, Parbhani
10. C. (T.) waUagoi Wahul, 1986 Wallago attu Puma, Parbhani
11. C. (T.) sp. Puntius kolus Puma, Parbhani
Genus Blastocrithidia Laird, 1959
12. B. sp. Hyalomma antolicum Parbhani
13. B. sp. Ranatra filiformis Marathwada
14. B. sp. Laccotrephes maculates Marathwada
15. B. sp. Dysdercus cingulatus Marathwada
Suborder TRYPANOSOMATINA
Family TRYPANOSOMATIDAE
Genus Trypanosoma Gruby, 1843
A. Trypanosoma of fishes
16. T. aurangabadensis Wahul, 1987 Mastacembelus armatus Aurangabad
17. T. joshii Wahul, 1986 Mystus cavacius Parbhani
18. T. mandali Wahul, 1986 Mystus seenghala Parbhani
19. T. marathwadensis Wahul, 1986 Puntius hexastich us Parbhani
20. T. mastacembeli Wahul, 1987 Mastacembelus armatus Solapur
21. T. misrai Wahul, 1986 Channa gachua Aurangabad
22. T. murtii Wahul, 1987 Mastacembelus armatus Aurangabad, Solapur