Invertebrate fauna of the Tamar estuary, northern Tasmania

8 Pages·1997·2.4 MB·English

by  B J Smith

Memoirs ofthe Museum ofVictoria 56(2):475-482 (1997)
INVERTEBRATE FAUNA OF THE TAMAR ESTUARY, NORTHERN TASMANIA
Brian Smith
J.
Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery, Wellington Street, Launceston. Tas. 7250, Australia
Abstract
Smith,B.J., 1997. InvertebratefaunaoftheTamarestuary,northernTasmania.Memoirsof
theMuseum ofVictoria 56(2): 475-482.
ThereareveryfewlargeestuariesinsouthernAustralia.Oneofthemostsignificant isthe
TamarEstuary in northernTasmania, capableofadmitting 80000ton shipsintoitslower
reachesandnavigablebyshipsofover4000tonstotheCityofLauncestonmorethan60km
fromBassStrait. Estuariesarethemostheavilyutilisedandmodifiedofallcoastalhabitats.
Thehabitatrangewithinalargeestuaryiswiderthananyotheraquatichabitat,beingsubject
tothreesetsofvariables:habitattype(fromrockyshoretosoftmud),extentoftidalexposure
and salinity. Thus, whilethespeciesofintertidal animals inhabitingestuariesareamongst
the most tolerant ofenvironmental change, they are also the most threatened oflittoral
assemblages. Although theTamarValleywassettled by Europeansover 190yearsagoand
theestuaryservicesalargecity, intensiveagricultureandheavyindustry,thefaunastillhas
mostoftheassemblagesexpectedinalargeestuary. Resultsofadistributionalsurveyofthe
intertidal invertebratefaunaoftheTamararepresentedandcomparisonsmadewithother
major estuaries in southern Australia.
Introduction By this definition there are very few major
estuariesinthesouthernAustralianfaunalzone.
All intertidal animalslivein ahabitat subjectto Virtually none ofthe rivers of Victoria, South
twosetsofenvironmental variables: thevarious Australia orthe southern coast ofWestern Aus-
substrate typesand the rise and fall ofthe tides. tralia have the series of characteristics that
Theestuarineintertidalenvironment hasathird wouldenablethemtobeclassifiedasmajorestu-
habitat variable, salinity, in addition to these. aries. They mainly lack a significant longitudi-
Thus intertidal estuarine species are amongst nal distance of tidal influence and hence a
tohfeamnoystastsoleemrbalnatgoefseonfviarnoinmmaelnst.alMaflnuyctuoaftitohnes gradual salinity gradient. In most of these
mainland southern rivers the zone of reduced
species ofinvertebrates that live in a large estu- salinity iscomparatively short, onlyakilometre
ary have populations which, over a typical ortwoatmost. Tasmaniahasthreeorfourestu-
annual cycle, are subject to wide daily and aries which might be classified as major: Bath-
seasonal variations in flow, salinity, suspended urstand Macquarie Harboursonthewestcoast,
solid load, temperature and many otherfactors. the Derwent River in the south east and the
The species that can tolerate such fluctuations Tamar River on the north coast. Of these the
are few in number but often have very large Tamar is the largest and the only one with an
population densitiesascompetitorsarealsofew extensivecentralsectionwhichistrulyestuarine
in number. in character.
Unfortunately the geographical characteris-
tics of large estuaries also make them very The Tamar is the tidal estuary ofthe North
attractive for human development. Many Eskand SouthEskRivers,whichcombineatthe
aroundtheworldaresitesformajorcities, mass- site of the City of Launceston. From here the
ive port construction and the development of estuaryrunsNNE forabout 63 riverkmtomBass
ahcecaevsys,inodfutsetnrywiotnhflraetsullatnadntclomsaesstiovelarhgaeb-isthaitp GSteroairtg.eTThoewtnidnaelarratnhgeemiosuatphpraonxdim3a.5temlyat3Launa-t
change and heightened pollution ofthe water- ceston (Phillips, 1975; Pringle, 1982). Bottom
way. Large estuaries are those whose inflow salinity values vary in a regular manner from
rivers have large catchments and wide deep normal marine (about 35.3 parts per thousand)
entrances that allow significant tidal inflow. in Port Dalrympletoabout 18 ppt atDilston,to
Theyalsohaveasignificantlongitudinal zoneof almost fresh (less than 1 ppt) at Launceston in
tidal influence that allows the development ofa both summer and winter (Bell, in press). The
gradual salinity gradient. freshwater inflow from the two rivers can fluc-
475
476 B.J. SMITH
tuate widely over a year with occasional major health, a distributional survey of the common
floods. intertidal macroinvertebrates ofthe Tamar was
The Tamar Valley was first settled by Euro- carried out during 1993-1994. The area ofthe
peans in 1804 and is now a major centre of estuary was divided into 2x2 km squares and
population, trade and commerce with a popu- each square was visited as access permitted and
lation of over 100000 people. A great deal of observations and basic collections ofspecimens
dredging,removalofhazardsandother'improv- weremade. Eachsquarewasvisitedatleastonce
ements' have been carried out overthe years so and several squares in critical areaswerevisited
that ships of over 4200 tons are able to reach a numberoftimes to cover all the main habitat
Launceston, while the berthsat Bell Bay in Port types. All specimens collected were identified
Dalrymple take ships ofover 80000 tons (Bra- andincorporated intotheresearchreferencecol-
nagan, 1994). Heavy industry has been estab- lections of the Queen Victoria Museum. The
lished along the lower reaches close to these results were tabulated and an assessment made
major port facilities. ofthe fauna.
Besides all the 'river improvements' and From an assessment ofthe distribution ofthe
developmentthat havesochangedthecharacter intertidal invertebrates found on the survey the
of the estuary, two organisms introduced into estuary was divided into four zones (Map 1).
the Tamar in the last 50 years, have had a pro- Zone A extended from Low Head to George
found effect on its appearance and biology. The Town;ZoneBfrom GeorgeTowntotheBatman
exotic Rice-Grass, Spartina anglica, was intro- Bridge; Zone C from the Batman Bridge to Dil-
duced intotheTamaratWindermerein 1947by ston and Zone D from Dilston to Launceston.
the Marine Board and the Department ofAgri- Zone A yielded a wide diversity ofspecies typi-
culture to stabilise the mudflats and eventually cal ofthesheltered open coast faunafound right
turn them into 'useful land', and to force the
stream flow into the central part ofthe estuary,
creating a scouring effect and keeping the main
channel free of mud. Spartina anglica now
covers over 500 ha in the estuary and stretches
fromsouthofTamarIslandtonorthofEastArm
(Phillips, 1975; Pringle, 1993).
The Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas, was
introduced into Port Sorell, northern Tasmania
by CSIRO in 1953 in an attempt tostart an oys-
ter industry. It is thought that introductions
from thissourceintotheTamartookplacefairly
rapidlybynaturaltransportofplanktoniclarvae
by coastal currents. This species is now mass-
ively established in the Tamar forming a heavy
band about the mid tide level and providing
hard substrate for the settlement of other
animals in places where very little occurred
naturally (Thomson, 1959; Coleman, 1986;
Olsen, 1994). Theoyster now occursoverthree-
quartersofthelengthoftheestuaryfromGeorge
Town to Freshwater Point.
Survey ofcommon intertidal
macroinvertebrates
Nocomprehensive survey haseverbeen carried
out ofthe invertebrate fauna ofthe entire estu-
ary. A numberofsmall, local studies have been
done in specific areas of planned development
wbpuhrtoovlmieadneesystuooafmrteyheabsanesdehlatiovneemnadekavteearaonbneaetsnhsepeusfbsalmuiensnahteodof.ftTihtoes gDMeao—pgraaIp.rheiMcsaahplofwoenfa)ttu(hresehsTa(adtemhdeafraoruVeraalsflaaeuryneaslhhizogowhniegnsrg—outnhAde,).mBa,iCn,
.
INVERTEBRATES OF THE TAMAR ESTUARY 477
along the north coast of Tasmania and almost
identical to that described for the Victorian
coastby the Marine Research GroupofVictoria
(1984). Speciesthatwereonlyfound inthiszone
inthesurveyarenotlisted in thedetailed results
ofthesurveybelowastheyarenotconsideredto
be species inhabiting the estuary.
Species found in any ofthe other three zones
are listed in Appendix 1. A summary of the
species numbers in each majorgroup ofinvert-
ebrates isgiven in Table 1. Distribution mapsof
28 ofthe commonest species are published else-
where (Smith, 1995).
Many ofthe smaller or the more uncommon
speciesarenot listedhere. In particularthepoly-
chaete, isopod and amiphipod species numbers
are probably significantly under represented as
their habitats were not thoroughly searched.
Some sieving and microscope examination of
debrissampleswascarriedoutbutthemain field
technique used was hand searching and pick-
ing.
A more detailed summary ofthe distribution
ofthecommonerspeciesisgiven in Appendix2.
Forthis, datafromtheoriginal 2x 2 km squares
are amalgamated into 4x4 km squares begin-
ning at the Zone A/Zone B boundary. The dis- Map 2. Map of the Tamar with the 4 x 4 km grid
tribution ofthese large squares on an outline of squares used in Appendix 2.
theTamar isgiven in Map 2. Thirty-threeofthe
largerand more common species are listed with which grossly affected this fauna. Damage was
theirpresence in thelargersquares marked. The caused both by the oil and by the physical and
total number ofspecies for each large square is chemical means used to'clean up' the spill from
given. Zone B consistsofsquares 1 to 8; Zone C the intertidal zone. While the local damage was
squares 9 to 16; Zone D squares 17 to 21 severe, it is anticipated that this event will have
Ofthe 33 speciesconsidered forthis analysis. little or no long-term effects as recolonization
Zone B has an average of2 species per square; should take place via planktonic larvae from
Zone C has 12.5 and Zone1D has 3. In Zone B, adjacent areas within one or two seasons.
square 1 is the area closest to fully marine con- Major elements of this open coast fauna
ditionswithbyfarthehighest numberofspecies extend some distance up river beyond George
recorded. By contrast, square 2, with only 16 Town at least into—the Port Dalrymple-Bell Bay
species, is the at the end ofWest Arm, far away basin (Appendix Zone B). More detailed
from the main channel. Squares 9 and 10 have work would reveal how much of this fauna is
the highest species count in Zone C, being the self-perpetuating, recruitingthe next generation
closest to Zone B. There is a significant drop in from within thearea, and how much isacciden-
the numberofspecies recorded in thetransition tal, developing from planktonic larvae carried
between Zones C and D (squares 16 and 17). into the estuary by tidal currents from breeding
populations along the coast. Certainly many of
the species are only found on, or close to, the
Discussion
main channel; the narrows between Point
The large and varied intertidal fauna found Effingham and Clarence Point are especially
between Low Head and George Town was in rich in open coast species. Species such as the
every way typical of the fauna of comparable rocky shore iimpet, Cellana tramoserica, were
habitats anywhere along the open Bass Strait foundat Point Effinghambut nofurtherintothe
coast. After the study was completed, the ore estuary. Once through these narrows the tidal
carrier,IronBaron, ranaground inJuly 1995off current enters the broad expanse of Port
themouthoftheTamar,causingamajoroilspill Dalrymple and it can be surmised that many of
SMITH
478 B.J.
thelarvaeoftheopencoast speciesare nolonger Bay(R. Burn,pers.comm.).Anativeofthewest-
able to find favourable settling sites. ernNorth Pacific, it isoneofthespeciesthought
The wide area of Port Dalrymple, with its to have been introduced world-wide in ballast
almost full sea-water salinity and variety of water. Other introduced ballast water species,
habitat types, has a broad diversity of faunal such as the Northern Pacific Seastar, Asterias
assemblages, even though it also carries major amurensis,nowinfestingtheDerwentEstuaryin
port development, and the sediment may be southern Tasmania mayestablish themselves in
contaminated with heavy metals from old the Tamar in the future.
mining tailings and the discharge of industry. South of Dilston (Appendix, Zone D) the
The mud-dwelling species reach their largest intertidal fauna becomesextremely simple with
numbersinthis regionofquiet shelteredwaters. only 1 1 species being found. These comprise 4
These include the burrowing bivalves Spisula gastropods, 4 crabs, 1 shrimp, 1 bivalve and 1
(Notospisula) trigonella, Katelysia peronii and worm species. Though still being fully tidal, the
Eumarcia fwnigata, with Laternula spp. and waterhasagreatly reduced salinity and a heavy
Thraciopsis elongata in the soft mud areas. silt load.
These latter species were found together with a The presence of these varied faunal assem-
variety ofpolychaetes, the mud crab Heloecius blages over the whole length of the estuary
cordiformis, and a callianassid shrimp Callia- suggests that, despite all the developments and
nassa ceramica. improvements carried out over the more than
South ofBatman Bridge the estuary becomes 190yearsofEuropean useoftheriver, theover-
moreestuarineincharacterwithalowersalinity all health ofthe riverappears to be good. Other
anda much simplerintertidalfaunawhich lac—ks estuaries within the southern Australian faunal
many of the open coast species (Appendix region have similar suites of species. The mol-
ZoneC). Thispattern ismirroredin recentwork luscs of some of the larger estuaries in south-
on the Foraminifera of the estuary (Bell, in westernAustraliawerelistedbyWells(1984)but
press). Thespeciesthatpersist in thiszoneobvi- most of these estuaries were much smaller in
ously have a wider habitat tolerance than their size, and especially in longitudinal extent, than
fully marine relatives, sincethey areable to live the Tamar. The Derwent is similar in some
not only with greaterfluctuations in salinity but respectstotheTamar, but is more heavilyaffec-
also higher silt loads in the water, and a negli- ted by discharge from the city and industry of
gible inputofocean plankton carried inon tidal Hobart and also has a much shorter estuarine
currents. There isstill astrongtidal influence in segment where the salinity is reduced.
this region but far less tidal input or flushing.
Despite the conditions this zone still yielded 50
species of intertidal invertebrates (Table 1), References
even 25 km or more from Bass Strait. Bell, K.N., 1996. Foraminiferan fauna ofthe Tamar
This central part ofthe estuary is dominated Riverand Port Dalrymple, Tasmania: a prelimi-
by two introduced organisms, the Rice Grass, nary survey. Records of the Queen Victoria
Spartina anglica, and the Pacific Oyster, Museum 102: 1-25. —
Crassostreagigas. The extent and effects ofthe Branagan.J.G., 1994. ThehistoricTamar Valley its-
Spartina infestation was documented recently people, placesandshipping 1798-1990. Launces-
byPringle(1993).Aspeciesthatwasoncewidely Coletmoann:,ReNg.,al19P8u6bl.isAhirnegv.ie3w16ofppi.ntroductions ofthe
introduced as an aid to land reclamation and
Pacific Oyster {Crassostrea gigas) around the
prevention ofcoastal erosion in many parts of world and a discussion ofthe possible ecological
southern Australia and New Zealand, Spartina consequencesofintroducingthespecies intoVic-
is now being viewed as an environmental prob- toria, Australia. Department of Conservation,
lem. The Pacific Oyster has the largest biomass ForestsandLands, Victoria TechnicalReport 56.
ofany intertidal animal in the estuary. Another 39 pp.
exotic species was recognised as a recent intro- Marine Research Group of Victoria, 1984. Coastal
duction into the estuary. The small bag mussel, invertebrates of Victoria: an atlas of selected
Musculista senhousia (Benson, 1842) was species. Museum of Victoria: Melbourne. 168
breeceonrrdeecdofrrdoedmatsheanTaimntarrodfuocrttihoenfiirnsttotNimeew. IZtehaals- Olsenp,p.A.M.. 1994.Thehistoryofthedevelopmentof
the Pacific Oyster, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)
and (Willan, 1985)andtheSwan Estuary, West- industry in South Australia. Transactions ofthe
em Australia (Slack-Smith and Brearley, 1987). Royal Societv ofSouth Australia 118(4): 253-
SincethenithasbeenrecordedfromPortPhillip 259.
INVERTEBRATES OF THE TAMAR ESTUARY 479
Table 1. Summary ofthe numbers ofspecies of intertidal macroinvertebrates collected in each
ofthe zones ofthe Tamar.
Invertebrate Group Zone B Zone C Zone D
Porifera — 3
Cnidaria Actin—aria 1
Platyhelminthes Polycladida 1
Bryozoa — 3
Annelida — Oligochaeta
Annelida — Polychaeta 15 4
Mollusca — Polyplacophora 6 1
Mollusca — Bivalvia 20 7
Mollusca —Gastropoda 43 14
Crustacea — Cirripedia 7 3
Crustacea Isopoda and 2 3
Amphipoda
—
Crustacea De—capoda 12 12
Echinodermata — Asteroidea 5 1
Echinoder—mata Ophiuroidea 1
Chordata Ascidiacea 3
Totals 121 50 11
Parsons, K.E. and Ward, R.D., 1994. Electrophoretic Slack-Smith, S.M. and Brearley, A., 1987. Musculista
and morphological examination ofAustrocochlea senhousia(Benson, 1842);amusselrecentlyintro-
ccoonmsptlreicxt.aAu(sGtarsatlrioanpoJdoaurn:aTlroofchMiadrai'en)e:aandsFpreecsihe-s tdruacliead(iMnotlolutshceaS:wMayntiRliidvaeer).esRteuacroyr,dsWeosfttehrenWAeusst--
waterResearch 45: 1065-1085. ern Australian Museum 13(2): 225-230.
Philltiphse,TA.aWm.a,r19es7t5u.aTryh,eTeasstambalniisah.mePnatpoefrsSpaarntdinParoi-n Smitha,tlaBs.J.o,f1t9h9e5.cToammmaorninstpeerctiiedsa.l iQnuveeretnebrVatiecst:oraina
ceedings ofthe Royal Society ofTasmania 109: Museum and Art Gallery: Launceston. 88 pp.
65-75. Thomson, J.M., 1959. The naturalization of the
Pringle, A.W., 1982. Tidal immersion ofthe Tamar Pacific Oyster in Australia.Australian Journalof
ePsatpuearrsyaSnpdarPtrioncaeedmianrgssh,ofTtahsemaRnoiyaa,l SAoucsiteratlyiao.) WellsM,arF.iEn.e, a19n8d4.FrAesghuwiadteertoRtehseecarocmhm1o0n: m1o4l4l-u1s4c9s.of
Tasmania 116: 143-152. south-westernAustralian estuaries. Western Aus-
Pringle,A.W., 1993.Spartinaanglicacolonisationand tralian Museum: Perth. 112 pp.
physical effects in the Tamar estuary, Tasmania Willan, R.C., 1985. Successful establishment ofthe
1971-91. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Asian mussel Musculista senhousia (Benson in
Society ofTasmania 127: 1-10. ACaunctkolra,nd18In4s2t)itiunteNMeuwseZuemala2n2:d.85R-e9c6o.rds ofthe
480 B.J. SMITH
—
Appendix 1. List of intertidal invertebrate Musculista senhousia B, C
animals found on the Tamar Survey. The Pteriidac: Electroma georgiana B
species listed here are those found south of Ostreidae: Crassostrea gigas B, C
George Town in the River Tamar. The Lasaeidae: Lasaea australis B
distribution zones are as follows: Mactridae: Spisula (Notospisula) B
B = between George Town and the Batman trigonclla
Bridge; C = between the Batman Bridge; and Mesodesmatidae: Paphies (Atactodea) B
Wndermere; D = South of Windermere. erycinaea
Tellinidae: Tellina (Macomona) B, C
dt'lloidalis
ZONES —Veneridac: Kalelysia peronii B, C
— Kalelysia scalarina B
PORIFERA — Eumarciafumigata B
Identity unkn—own; about 3 spp. B, C Venerupis (Venerupis) anomala B
CNIDARIA ACTINARIA Hiatellidae: Hiatella australis B
Actiniidac: Anlhopleura —aureoradiata B Teredinidae: Bankia spp. B, C
PLATYHELMINTHES —Laternulidae: Laternula tasmanica B
POLYCLADIDA Laternula creccina B, C
Leptoplanidae: Noloplana austtalis B Thraciidae: 'P—hraciopsis elongata B
BRYOZOA MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA
Identity unkn—own: about 3 spp. B, C Nacellidae: Cellana tramoserica B
ANNELIDA OL1GOCHAETA A—cmaeidac: Notoacmea flammea B, C
Tubificidae (possibly): identity -, -, D — Notoacmea scabrilirata B
unknown — — Notoacmea petierdi B, C
ANNELIDA POLYCHAETA Collisella mixta B
(family identification tentative) Neritidac: Nerila (Melanerita) B
Polynoidae: polynoid sp. B atramentosa
Phyllodocidae: phyllodocid sp. B Fissurellidae: Montfartula rugosa B
Syllidae: syllid sp. B Turbinidae: Astralium (Micraslraea) B
Nereidac: ncreid spp. B, C —aurea
Glyceridac: glycerid sp. B Turbo (Suhninella) undulata B
Eunicidae: cunicid spp. B, C Trochidae: Monodonta (Austrocochlea)B
Orbiniidae: orbiniid sp. B c—onstricta
Spionidae: spionid sp. B — Diloma (Fractarmilla) concamerataB, C
Capitcllidac: capitellid sp. B — Diloma (C'hlorodiloma) adelaidae B
Maldanidae: maldanid sp. B Canlharidus (Phasianotrochus) B
I eicbellidae: Amphitrite rubra B —irisodontes
Terebellidae: terebcllid sp. B — Echelus (Herpelopoma) aspersa B
Serpulidae: Gal—eolaria cacspiiosa B Clancuius (Isoclanculus) aloysii B
MOLLUSCA Cerithiidae: Bitlium granarum B, C
POLYPLACOPHORA Batillariidae: Batillaria (Zeacumantus)B, C
Ischnochitonidae: Ischnochiton B d—iemenensis
—(Ischnochiton) elongatus Batillaria (Velacumantus) australis B, C
Ischnochiton (Ischnochiton) B Campanilidae: Campanile B
variegatus (llypotrochus) monachus
Chitonidae: Sypharochiton B, C Littorinidae: Littorina B
pellisserpentis (—Austrolittorina) unifasciata
Cryptoplacidae: Cryptoplax striata B Bemhicium melanostoma B, C
Acanthochitonidae: Acanthochitona B —Hydrobiidae: Tatea rujilabris B, C, D
g—ranostriata Potamopyrgus antipodarum -. -, D
Acanthochit—ona sueurii B Assimineidae: Assiminea B, C, D
MOLLUSCA BIVALVIA (Metassiminea) buccinoides
—Arcidae: Barhatia (Barhatia) pistachio B Hydrococcidae: Hydrococcus brazieri B, C
Barhatia (Barhatia) squamosa B Naticidae: Polinices (Conuher) conicusB
—Mytilidae: Xenostrohus inconstans B, C, D —Muricidae: Bedeva paivae B
Xenostrohus pulex B Lepsiella vinosa B
INVERTEBRATES OF THE TAMAR ESTUARY 481
— —
Thais orbita B CRUSTACEA DECAPODA
B—uccinidae: Cominella lineolata B Callianassidae: Callianassa ceramica B, C
— Nassarius (Niotha) pauperatus B, C —Palaemonidae: Palaemon sp. B, C
— Nassarius (Plicarcularis) burchardi B — Palaemonetes sp. -, C, D
— Nassarius (Zeuxis) pyrrhus B, C Leander sp. B
D
Pleuroploca australasia B —Grapsidae: Paragrapsus gaimardii B, C,
Columebellidae: Mitrella B — Paragrapsus quadridentatus B, C
C
(Dentimitrella) sp. — Cyclograpsus granulosus B,
D
Conidae: Conus (Floraconus) B — Helograpsus haswellianus B, C,
anemonae Brachynotus spinosus B, C
D
Philinidae: Philine angasi B Ocypodidae: Macrophthalmus B, C,
Pleurobranchidae: Pleurobranchaea B l—atifrons
C
maculata Heloecius cordiformis B,
D
Dorididae: unknown sp. B Hymenosomatidae: Amarinus laevis B, C,
Onchidiidae: Onchidella patelloides B Mictyridae: Mictyris pl—atycheles B, C
D ECHINODERMATA
Ellobiidae: Ophicardelus ornatus B, C,
Siphonariidae: Siphonaria B ASTEROIDEA
(Hubendickula) diemenensis Goniasteridae: Tosia australis B
Amphibolidae:—Salinatorfragilis B, C, D Asterinidae: Patiriella exigua B, C
CRUSTACEA CIRRIPEDIA A—steriidae: Allostichasterpolyplax B
Iblidae: Ibla quadhvalvis B — Uniophora granifera B
—Balanidae: Elminius covertus B, C Coscinasterias cala—maria B
— Elminius modestus B, C ECHINODERMATA
— Balanus variegatus B, C OPHIUROIDEA
Epopella simplex B Amphiuridae: —Ophiocentrus pilosus
Chthamalidae: Chthamalus B CHORDATA ASCIDIACEA
antennatus Identity unknown: about 3 spp. B,C
B
Tetraclitidae: Tetraclitella
purpurascens — (NOTE: Recently the gastropod Austrocochlea
CRUSTACEA ISOPODA & constricta was split into three species (Parsons
AMPHIPODA and Ward, 1994). While it is probable that all
Ligiidae: Ligia australiensis B, C three species are present in the Tamar, no
Sphaeromatidae: Sphaeroma -, C attempt has been made to follow this study at
quoyanum present.)
C
Talitridae: Orchestia sp. B,
482 B.J. SMITH
Appendix 2. Table showing the distribution ofthe common intertidal invertebrates ofthe Tamar.
For the position ofthe large squares see Map 2
Large Square Number i 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1S 16 17 18 M 2C 21
PLATYHELMINTHES
Notoplana australis x X X X X
ANNELIDA- POLYCHAETA
Galeolariacaesprtosa X X X X X
MOLLUSCA POLYPLACOPHORA
-
Syph pellisserpentis X X X X X X X X X X X X
MOLLUSCA- BIVALVIA |
-----
Xeno. inconstans X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Muse, senhousia X X X X X
Crassostreagigas X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Lasaeaaustralis X X X X X X
Spis. (N.) trigonella X X X X X X
Laternulaspp X X X X X X
MOLLUSCA GASTROPODA
-
Noto. flammea X X X X X X
Neritaatramentosa X X X X X
Montfortularugosa X X
Monodontaconstricta X X X X X
Littorinaunifasciata X X X X
Bemb. melanostoma X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Tatearutilabris X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Pot. antipodarum X X X X
Ass. buccinoides X X X X X X X X X X
Lepsiella vinosa X X X X
Cominellalineolata X x X *
I
Nass.pauperatus X XI X X X X X X X X X X X X
Onch. patelloides X X X X X X
Ophicardelusomatus X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Siph. diemenensis X X X X X X
Salinatorfragilis X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
CRUSTACEA-CIRRIPEDIA
Elminiuscovertus X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
CRUSTACEA DECAPODA
-
Para, gaimardii X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Cyclo. granulosus X X X X X X X X
Helo. haswellianus X X X X X X X X X X
Macr.latifrons X X X X X X X X X X
Heleo. cordiformis X X X X X X X X X
Amarinuslaevis X X X X X X X X X
ECHINODERMATA-ASTEROIDEA
Patirellaexigua X X X X X X X
TOTAL 29 16 23 20 19 24 21 19 15 15 121 9 13 13 13 10 5 4 3 1 2