Invasive species

425 Pages·2011·47.373 MB·English

by  Sharon A Clay

GIS
Applications
in Agriculture
Volume Three: Invasive Species
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
GIS Applications in Agriculture
Series Editor
Francis J. Pierce
Washington State University, Prosser
GIS Applications in Agriculture, edited by Francis J. Pierce and David E. Clay
GIS Applications in Agriculture, Volume Two: Nutrient Management for Energy
Efficiency, edited by David E. Clay and John F. Shanahan
GIS Applications in Agriculture, Volume Three: Invasive Species,
edited by Sharon A. Clay
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
GIS
Applications
in Agriculture
Volume Three: Invasive Species
Edited by
Sharon A. Clay
GIS APPLICATIONS IN AGRICULTURE SERIES
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© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
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Library of Congress Cataloging‑in‑Publication Data
GIS applications in agriculture. Volume three, Invasive species / Sharon A. Clay [editor].
p. cm. -- (GIS applications in agriculture)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4200-7880-0 (alk. paper)
1. Agriculture--Remote sensing. 2. Geographic information systems. 3. Agricultural
mapping. 4. Agriculture--Data processing. 5. Introduced organisms. I. Clay, Sharon A.
(Sharon Ann) II. Title: Invasive species. III. Series: GIS applications in agriculture series.
S494.5.R4G572 2011
632--dc22 2010034459
Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at
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and the CRC Press Web site at
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© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Contents
Series Preface ............................................................................................................ix
Preface.......................................................................................................................xi
Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................xiii
Editor .......................................................................................................................xv
Contributors ...........................................................................................................xvii
Chapter 1 Introduction: Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques for the
Detection, Surveillance, and Management of Invasive Species ...........1
Kevin Dalsted
Chapter 2 Obtaining Spatial Data .........................................................................9
Mary O’Neill and Kevin Dalsted
Chapter 3 Population Ecology Considerations for Monitoring
and Managing Biological Invasions ...................................................29
Patrick C. Tobin, Laura M. Blackburn, Shelby J. Fleischer,
and E. Anderson Roberts
Chapter 4 Integrating GPS, GIS, and Remote Sensing Technologies
with Disease Management Principles to Improve Plant Health .........59
Forrest W. Nutter, Jr., Emmanuel Z. Byamukama, Rosalee A.
Coelho-Netto, Sharon K. Eggenberger, Mark L. Gleason,
Andrew Gougherty, Alison E. Robertson, and Neil van Rij
Chapter 5 Mapping Actual and Predicted Distribution of Pest Animals
and Weeds in Australia ......................................................................91
Peter West, Leanne Brown, Christopher Auricht, and Quentin Hart
Chapter 6 Use of GIS Applications to Combat the Threat of Emerging
Virulent Wheat Stem Rust Races .....................................................129
David Hodson and Eddy DePauw
Chapter 7 Online Aerobiology Process Model .................................................159
Joseph M. Russo and Scott A. Isard
v
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Site-Specific Management of Green Peach Aphid, Myzus
persicae (Sulzer) ...............................................................................167
Ian MacRae, Matthew Carroll, and Min Zhu
Chapter 9 Analysis of the 2002 Equine West Nile Virus Outbreak in South
Dakota Using GIS and Spatial Statistics ..........................................191
Michael C. Wimberly, Erik Lindquist, and Christine L. Wey
Chapter 10 Designing a Local-Scale Microsimulation of Lesser Grain
Borer Population Dynamics and Movements ...................................207
J.M. Shawn Hutchinson, James F. Campbell,
Michael D. Toews, Thomas J. Vought, Jr.,
and Sonny B. Ramaswamy
Chapter 11 Geographic Information Systems in Corn
Rootworm Management ..................................................................233
B. Wade French, Kurtis D. Reitsma, Amber A. Beckler,
Laurence D. Chandler, and Sharon A. Clay
Chapter 12 Improving Surveillance for Invasive Plants: A GIS Toolbox
for Surveillance Decision Support ...................................................255
Julian C. Fox and David Pullar
Chapter 13 Tracking Invasive Weed Species in Rangeland
Using Probability Functions to Identify Site-Specific
Boundaries: A Case Study Using Yellow Starthistle
(Centaurea solstitialis L.) .............................................................277
Lawrence W. Lass, Timothy S. Prather, Bahman Shafii,
and William J. Price
Chapter 14 Using GIS to Map and Manage Weeds in Field Crops ....................301
Mary S. Gumz and Stephen C. Weller
Chapter 15 Adapting Geostatistics to Analyze Spatial and Temporal Trends
in Weed Populations .........................................................................319
Nathalie Colbach and Frank F. Forcella
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Contents vii
Chapter 16 Using GIS to Investigate Weed Shifts after Two Cycles
of a Corn/Soybean Rotation .............................................................373
Kurtis D. Reitsma and Sharon A. Clay
Chapter 17 Creating and Using Weed Maps for Site-Specific Management ......405
J. Anita Dille, Jeffrey W. Vogel, Tyler W. Rider,
and Robert E. Wolf
Index ......................................................................................................................419
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Series Preface
GIS Applications in Agriculture: Invasive Species edited by Sharon A. Clay is the
third volume in the book series GIS Applications in Agriculture. The first volume,
GIS Applications in Agriculture, edited by Francis J. Pierce and David E. Clay
was published by CRC Press in 2007. The second volume, GIS Applications in
Agriculture: Nutrient Management for Energy Efficiency, edited by David E. Clay
and John F. Shanahan will be published by CRC Press in 2011. These books each
provide concepts and detailed examples of important aspects of agriculture that lend
themselves to geospatial analysis and mapping provided by geographic information
systems (GIS). The genesis of a book of applications of GIS in agriculture came from
my good friend Max Crandall who recognized that few examples from agriculture
were available for use in teaching or demonstrating GIS to the agricultural commu-
nity. Max recruited Pierre C. Robert, Harold Reitz Jr., Matthew Yen, and myself to
help formulate such a book, but the untimely death of Pierre diminished the effort.
Through the help of John Sulzycki, CRC Press agreed to publish the first book in
this series and later to commit to a book series, GIS Applications in Agriculture, for
which I am the series editor.
GIS Applications in Agriculture: Invasive Species presents 17 chapters address-
ing various aspects of invasive species, including viruses, diseases, insects, animal
pests, and weeds. Like the first two volumes, detailed applications are provided in
many chapters with data sets and color figures on a separate CD for readers to use in
teaching and learning GIS or in directly applying them to situations they encounter
in agriculture. I am grateful to Sharon Clay for agreeing to develop this volume and
for her hard work in organizing and editing it, and to the chapter authors for their
excellent contributions to what I believe are interesting and useful applications of
GIS in agriculture. I would also like to thank Randy Brehm, the CRC Press editor for
this volume, and all those at CRC Press who made this volume possible.
As the series editor, it is my responsibility to seek new book ideas and capable
editors to create additional volumes in this series on topics of importance to agri-
culture that provide relevant applications of GIS in agriculture. I invite those who
have ideas for new volumes in the GIS Applications in Agriculture series to contact
myself or CRC Press to discuss publishing opportunities.
Francis J. Pierce
Series Editor
ix
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
Preface
A Web search for the key words “GIS” and “invasive species” throws over 1 million
entries. One book can certainly not highlight all the different uses of GIS that have
been researched when dealing with invasive species! In addition, it can be noted that
there are only 17 chapters in this book; thus, not even a thumbnail of information can
begin to be explored. So, why even think about undertaking this task?
This book is one in the series GIS Applications in Agriculture. The intent of the
series is to provide the reader with a background as to how scientists use geographic
information systems (GIS) to capture, store, analyze, manage, and present data that
are linked to a specific location. The purpose of this book is to introduce the reader
to an array of applications used to explore the invasive species problem. It highlights
GIS uses that provide researchers, producers, land managers, and regulators infor-
mation on the scope of invasion and insights into how to limit the potential rate of
spread or impact of invasive species. In addition, many of the chapters provide step-
by-step tutorials or case studies that allow manipulation of datasets featured on the
CD-ROM to make maps, perform statistical analyses, and predict future problems.
This allows the user to gain hands-on experience with a variety of software pro-
grams that create interactive queries (user-created searches), analyze spatial infor-
mation, edit data and maps, and present the results of these operations in several
different formats. Some of the programs are freeware, others are not, but each can
be used to integrate, edit, share, and display geographic information.
An unofficial definition of invasive species is a species that does not naturally
occur in a specific area and whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic
and environmental problems or human health problems. In the unofficial definition,
this may refer to native species that become established outside a typical “home
range.” For example, a species like the armadillo, native to the southern United States,
is being seen in more northern states. In the United States, invasive species also has a
legal connotation as Executive Order 13112 signed into law in 1999 defines invasive
species as “an alien species whose introduction does or is likely to cause economic
and environmental harm, or harm to human health.” In this executive order, “alien” is
the key term, as this means that the species is not native to the United States.
Many plant and animal species have been purposefully introduced into new areas
such as ornamentals, livestock, crops, and even pets. These species have escaped
into other areas and are threatening agricultural and native ecosystems. The use of
geographic information for invasive species can be grouped into the following broad
categories: (1) dispersal and transport, (2) prediction and forecasting, (3) mapping
of current infestations, (4) using maps for management and control tactics, and (5)
assessing the impacts of the species or of the control method. Chapter 1 (Dalsted)
provides an introduction and general background of remote sensing and tools used
in geographic information systems (GIS). Chapter 2 (O’Neill and Dalsted) provides
information on the different types of maps and imageries available on various Web
sites that can serve as a base for other information.
xi
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC
xii Preface
Population ecology of a new species, what is needed for the species to find a new
niche and become successful, and how GIS can be used to monitor and manage these
invasions are presented in Chapters 3 (Tobin et al.) and 4 (Nutter et al.). Chapters 5
(West et al.) and 12 (Fox and Pullar) discuss Australian examples of invasive spe-
cies that were intentionally introduced, including rabbits, pigs, camels, and several
plant species, that are now being monitored using GIS to predict potential habitats
and success of control efforts. Other species have been introduced less intentionally
but nevertheless by man’s intervention such as through weed seed in contaminated
grain, gypsy moths in cargo, zebra mussels in water ballasts of ships, or through
other mechanisms. Man may not always be the cause of a new infestation, as winds,
jet streams, and ocean currents can deposit many different types of propagules,
such as fungus spores, seeds, or insects, into new areas thereby establishing and
causing problems (see Chapters 6 [Hodson and DePauw], 7 [Russo and Isard], and
8 [MacRae et al.]).
Insects are often the invasive species of interest (see Chapters 10 [Hutchinson
et al.] and 11 [French et al.]) and GIS have been used to predict their popula-
tions. Insects or other animals may also vector a disease (Chapters 3 [Tobin et al.],
8 [MacRae et al.], and 9 [Wimberly et al.]) or the disease (Chapters 4 [Nutter et al.]
and 6 [Hodson and DePauw]) may be the primary species of interest.
GIS have been used in many aspects of weed management, from prediction in
space or time (see Chapters 12 [Fox and Pullar], 13 [Lass et al.], and 16 [Reitsma
and Clay]) to management maps (Chapters 14 [Gumz and Weller], 15 [Colbach and
Forcella], and 17 [Dille et al.]). For color figures, please refer to the accompanying
CD-ROM.
© 2011 by Taylor and Francis Group, LLC