Invasive Plant Ecology

304 Pages·2013·13.324 MB·English

by  Shibu Jose, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy Rani Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli

Edited by
Shibu Jose • Harminder Pal Singh
Daizy Rani Batish • Ravinder Kumar Kohli
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Cover:  Old World climbing fern (Lygodium microphyllum) smothering understory and overstory native plant species in a
bald cypress (Taxodium distichum) swamp in southern Florida.  Photo credit: Peggy Greb, USDA/ARS.
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Contents
Preface ............................................................................................................................................vii
Editors ..............................................................................................................................................ix
Contributors ....................................................................................................................................xi
Chapter 1 Invasive plant ecology: The horse behind the cart? .........................................1
Shibu Jose, Harminder Pal Singh, Daizy R. Batish, Ravinder Kumar Kohli,
and Sougata Bardhan
Chapter 2 What makes alien plants so successful? Exploration of the
ecological basis .........................................................................................................7
Eric J. Holzmueller and Shibu Jose
Chapter 3 Novel weapon hypothesis for the successful establishment of
invasive plants in alien environments: A critical appraisal .........................19
Daizy R. Batish, Harminder Pal Singh, Shalinder Kaur, Priyanka, and
Ravinder Kumar Kohli
Chapter 4 Functional basis for geographical variation in growth among
invasive plants ........................................................................................................29
John C. Volin, Jason R. Parent, and Lindsay M. Dreiss
Chapter 5 Aboveground–belowground interactions: Implication
for invasiveness ......................................................................................................45
Priyanka Srivastava, Gyan P. Sharma, and A.S. Raghubanshi
Chapter 6 From species coexistence to genotype coexistence: What can we
learn from invasive plants? ..................................................................................61
Alexandra Robin Collins and Jane Molofsky
Chapter 7 Mycorrhizae and alien plants ..............................................................................79
Donald L. Hagan and Shibu Jose
Chapter 8 Exotic plant response to forest disturbance in the western
United States ...........................................................................................................93
Carl E. Fiedler, Erich K. Dodson, and Kerry L. Metlen
v
vi Contents
Chapter 9 Effects of silvicultural practices on invasive plant species abundance
in the Missouri Ozark forests of the central United States ........................113
R.M. Muzika and S.J. Farrington
Chapter 10 Invasive plants and mutualistic interactions between fleshy
fruits and frugivorous animals.........................................................................121
M. C. Muñoz and J. D. Ackerman
Chapter 11 Alien plant invasion and its ecological implications: An Indian
perspective with particular reference to biodiversity-rich regions...........137
R.S. Tripathi
Chapter 12 Impact of invasive alien plant species on aboveground and
belowground species diversity in the Kashmir Himalaya, India .............147
Zafar A. Reshi, Nazima Rasool, Pervaiz A. Dar, Waheeda Rehman, and
Manzoor A. Shah
Chapter 13 Ecology and management of invasive plants in Africa ...............................161
Roland A.Y. Holou, E.G. Achigan-Dako, and Brice Sinsin
Chapter 14 Geospatial tools for identifying and managing invasive plants ...............175
Emma C. Underwood, Allan D. Hollander, and James F. Quinn
Chapter 15 Improving restoration to control plant invasions under
climate change ......................................................................................................203
Qinfeng Guo and Steve Norman
Chapter 16 Converting invasive alien plant stands to natural forest nature’s
way: Overview, theory, and practice ................................................................217
Coert J. Geldenhuys
Chapter 17 Economics of invasive plant management ......................................................239
Damian C. Adams and Donna J. Lee
Chapter 18 An economic analysis of the invasive plant problem associated
with the horticulture industry in North America .........................................259
Edward B. Barbier, Duncan Knowler, Johnson Gwatipedza, and
Sarah H. Reichard
Index .............................................................................................................................................277
Preface
Invasion is not a novel phenomenon; however, it is one that has increased tremendously dur-
ing the past few years due to rapidly expanding trade and transport among countries. It is one
of the most important impacts humans have ever produced on the Earth’s ecosystems. In fact,
it has led to the globalization of world biota, further resulting in biotic homogenization. While
some argue that invasion biologists should adopt a more objective and dispassionate stance
toward invasive species, everyone agrees that it is a problem that needs attention and action.
Recognizing that a deeper understanding of biological characteristics of invasive spe-
cies and the ecological principles that underpin the invasion process is critical in formulating
management decisions, the scientific community has done an exemplary job in publishing
original research as well as synthesis articles on the subject in recent years. Unfortunately,
the science is still lagging behind, necessitating a reactive rather than a proactive response
to the problem. The body of knowledge is growing so fast, including our ability to predict
invasions. This will accelerate science-based decision making, whether it is for reactive or
proactive management or for developing effective public policies.
The idea for this book began back in 2009 when the editors organized a regional
International Union of Forestry Research Organizations (IUFRO) conference on invasive
plants in Chandigarh, India. They met again in 2010 at the XXIII IUFRO World Congress
in Seoul and finalized the plan for a book that would focus on invasive plant ecology. In
addition to selected presentations from the IUFRO conference and the Congress, several
prominent authors were invited to contribute chapters on specific topics. In the end, we
accepted 18 chapters in the current volume.
Acquiring new scientific information and rapidly incorporating new knowledge and expe-
riences into planning and actions are of the utmost importance with invasive plant manage-
ment. It is critical to provide relevant and timely information to resource professionals, policy
makers, and the general public so that they can make informed decisions. We recognize that
one book alone cannot fill this niche. However, we hope that the current volume will serve as a
reference book for students, scientists, professionals, and policy makers who are involved in the
study and management of alien invasive plants in ecosystems the world over. We are grateful to
a large number of individuals for assistance in accomplishing this task, particularly the authors
for their commitment to the project and their original research or synthesis of the current
knowledge. Also, the invaluable comments and suggestions made by the referees significantly
improved the clarity and content of the chapters. We also wish to extend our sincere thanks to
John Sulzycki and Jill Jurgensen of CRC Press for their timely efforts in publishing this book.
Shibu Jose
Harminder Pal Singh
Daizy R. Batish
Ravinder Kumar Kohli
vii

Editors
Shibu Jose, PhD, an applied ecologist, is the H.E. Garrett Endowed Professor in the
School of Natural Resources and director of the Center for Agroforestry at the University
of Missouri. He was a professor of forest ecology in the School of Forest Resources and
Conservation at the University of Florida before moving to Missouri. He received his BS
(forestry) from India and MS and PhD (forest science) from Purdue University. He is the
editor-in-chief of Agroforestry Systems, associate editor of the International Journal of Ecology,
and associate editor of the Journal of Forestry. He recently served as a Fulbright Scholar
(J. William Fulbright Scholarship Board and the U.S. Department of State), lecturing and
conducting research in Bangladesh. Dr. Jose’s research program has the overarching goal
of identifying and quantifying key ecological processes and interactions that define eco-
logical sustainability. He examines how resource availability (light, water, nutrients, and
carbon) and disturbances (e.g., management interventions, fire, and exotic invasions)
influence ecosystem structure and function in agroforests, natural forests, and plantation
forests. He uses the ecological information in designing agroforestry systems and restoring
degraded and damaged ecosystems. Over the past 20 years, Dr. Jose and his research team
have conducted studies in the United States, Australia, Costa Rica, Belize, Bangladesh,
Panama, and India. His awards and honors include the Aga Khan International Fellowship
(Switzerland), the Nehru Memorial Award for Scholastic Excellence (India), the University
of Florida Junior Faculty Award of Merit, the Award of Excellence in Research by the
Southeastern Society of American Foresters (SAF), the Stephen Spurr Award by the Florida
Division SAF, and the Young Leadership Award by the National SAF. His research has
resulted in over 150 publications, including 6 edited books and 3 special issues.
Harminder Pal Singh, PhD, an ecophysiologist, is an assistant professor in the Department
of Environmental Studies at Panjab University, Chandigarh, India. He received his PhD in
botany from Panjab University. His research interests include examining the ecophysiolog-
ical basis of plant interactions, evaluating the impact of exotic invasive plants on structural
and functional aspects of native ecosystems, and exploring the role of natural plant prod-
ucts as novel pesticides. His research findings have resulted in 75 research papers in ref-
ereed journals and 6 edited books. His honors include the UNESCO-TWAS Associateship;
the Young Scientist Award of the Panjab Academy of Sciences, Indian Science Congress
Association, and Dalela Educational Foundation; and the Junior Environmentalist Award
by the National Environment Science Academy.
Daizy R. Batish, PhD, is a professor in the Department of Botany at Panjab University,
Chandigarh, India. Over the past 20 years, Dr. Batish and her research group have been
involved in studying the biology and ecology of invasive weeds, ecophysiology of plant–
plant interactions, and ecological weed management. Her research program aims at
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