Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management PDF
Preview Invasive Aquatic Species of Europe. Distribution, Impacts and Management
INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIES OF EUROPE. DISTRIBUTION, IMPACTS AND MANAGEMENT INVASIVE AQUATIC SPECIES OF EUROPE. DISTRIBUTION, IMPACTS AND MANAGEMENT Edited by Erkki Leppäkoski Department of Bio!ogy, Abo Akademi Universitv, Turku, Finland Stephan Gollasch GoConsult, Hamburg, Germany and Sergej Olenin Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania Springer-Science+Business Media, B.Y. A C.LP. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-90-481-6111-9 ISBN 978-94-015-9956-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-015-9956-6 Printed on acid}ree paper Photo:Stel2han Gollasch, 1998 Juvenile Chinese Mitten Crabs migrating upstream in the river EIbe near Hamburg. The crab was first recorded in German waters in 1912. Mass developments occurred in 1930s, 1960s and 1990s. All Rights Reserved © 2002 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2002. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 2002 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser 01" the work. Contents Contents Introduction AIien Species in European Waters ................................................................................... 1 Leppäkoski, Gollasch & Olenin Bioinvasion Ecology: Assessing Invasion Impact and Scale ............................................ 7 Carlton Who is Who Among Nonindigenous Species Protists -A Dominant Component ofthe Ballast-Transported Biota ............................. 20 Hülsmann & Galil Introduced Marine Algae and Vascular Plants in European Aquatic Environments ...... 27 Wallentinus Coscinodiscus wailesii -A Nuisance Diatom in European Waters ................................ 53 Laing & Gollasch The Comb Jelly Mnemiopsis leidyi in the Black Sea ...................................................... 56 Kideys The Predatory Water Flea Cercopagis pengoi in the Baltic Sea: Invasion History, Distribution and Implications to Ecosystem Dynamics .................................................. 62 Telesh & Ojaveer History and Success of an Invasion into the Baltic Sea: The Polychaete Marenzelleria cf. viridis, Development and Strategies .................................................. 66 Zettler, Daunys, Kotta & Bick Alien Crayfish in Europe: Negative and Positive Impacts and Interactions with Native Crayfish ....................................................................................................... 76 Westman Invasion History, Biology and Impacts ofthe Baikalian Amphipod Gmelinoides fasciatus .................................................................... '" .............................. 96 Panov & Berezina Ponto-Caspian Amphipods and Mysids in the Inland Waters ofLithuania: History of Introduction, Current Distribution and Relations With Native Malacostracans ......................................................................... l04 Arbaciauskas Teredo navalis -The Cryptogenic Shipworm ............................................................... 1 16 Hoppe v vi Contents Introduction and Acclimatisation ofthe Pacific Carpet Clam, Tapes philippinarum, to Italian Waters ........................................................................ 120 Breber Dreissena (D.) polymorpha: Evolutionary Origin and Biological Peculiarities as Prerequisites of Invasion Success ............................................................................. 127 Orlova Zebra Mussei: Impacts and Spread ............................................................................... 135 Minehin, Lucy & Sullivan Red King Crab (Paralithodes camtshaticus) and Pink Salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) in the Barents Sea ............................................................. 147 Petryashov, Chernova, Denisenko & Sundet Alien Freshwater Fishes of Europe ............................................................................... 153 Lehtonen Introduced Semiaquatic Birds and Mammals in Europe .............................................. 162 Nummi Genetics on Invasive Species ....................................................................................... 173 Müller & Griebeler Vectors Vectors -How Exotics Get Around .............................................................................. 183 Minehin & Gollasch Oyster Imports as a Vector for the Introduction of Alien Species into Northern and Western European Coastal Waters ......................................................... 193 Wo!jJ & Reise Exotics for Stocking and AquacuIture, Making Correct Decisions .............................. 206 Minehin & Rosenthai Life in Ballast Tanks .................................................................................................... 217 Gollasch, Macdonald, Belson, Botnen, Christensen, Hamer, Houvenaghel, Jelmert, Lucas, Masson, McCollin, Oien in, Persson, Wallentinus, Wetsteyn & Wittling Ballast Tank Sediments ................................................................................................ 232 Hamer Regional Overviews Biological Invasions in the White Sea .......................................................................... 235 Berger & Naumov Introduced Marine Organisms in Norwegian Waters, Including Svalbard ................... 240 Hopkins The Baltic Sea -a Field Laboratory for Invasion Biology ............................................ 253 Leppäkoski, Olenin & Gollasch Introduced Marine Species ofthe North Sea Coasts .................................................... 260 Reise, Gollasch & Wo!jJ Exotics ofCoastal and Inland Waters ofIreland and Britain ....................................... 267 Minehin & Eno Contents vii Open Atlantic Coast of Europe -A Century of Introduced Species into French Waters ....................................................................................................... 276 Goulletquer, Bachelet, Sauriau & Noel Review ofNon-native Marine Plants in the Mediterranean Sea ................................... 291 Ribera Siguan Current Status of Aquatic Introductions in Italy ........................................................... 311 Occhipinti Ambrogi A Sea Change - Exotics in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea .......................................... 325 Galil & Zenetos The Marmara Sea, A Link Between the Mediterranean and the Black Sea .................. 337 Ozturk The Black Sea -A Recipient, Donor and Transit Area for Alien Species .................... 341 Gomoiu, Alexandrov, Shadrin & Zaitsev Invaders in the Caspian Sea .......................................................................................... 3 51 Aladin, Plotnikov & Filippov Invasions by Alien Species in Inland Freshwater Bodies in Western Europe: The Rhine Delta ............................................................................ 360 van der Velde, Nagelkerken, Rajagopal & bij de Vaate Biological Invasions into German Waters: An Evaluation ofthe Importance of Different Human-mediated Vectors for Nonindigenous Macrozoobenthic Species ..... 3 73 Nehring Invasive Ponto-Caspian Species in Waters ofthe Vistula and Oder Basins and the Southern Baltic Sea .......................................................................................... 384 Jazdzewski & Konopacka The Caspian-Volga-Baltic Invasion Corridor ............................................................... 399 Slynko, Korneva, Rivier, Papchenkov, Scherbina, Orlova & Therriault Impacts Ecological Impact ofPonto-Caspian Invaders in the Baltic Sea, European Inland Waters and the Great Lakes: an Inter-ecosystem Comparison .................................... .412 Ojaveer, Leppäkoski, Olenin & Ricciardi Fast Turnover in Dominance of Exotic Species in the Rhine River Determines Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function: An Affair Between Amphipods and Musseis .426 Haas, Brunke & Streit Impacts of Zebra Musseis on Aquatic Communities and their Role as Ecosystem Engineers ............................................................................................... .433 Karatayev, Burlakova & Padilla Risk Assessment Hazard Analysis of Aquatic Species Invasions ........................................................... .447 Gollasch Risk Assessment ofMarine Biological Invasions ....................................................... .456 Hewitt & Hayes viii Contents Risk Based Methodology to Assess Invasive Aquatic Species in Ballast Water. ........ .467 Haugom, Behrens & Andersen Nature Conservation Implications ofMarine Biological Invasions ............................. .477 Eno & Hamer Treatment Measures Preventive Treatment and Control Techniques for Ballast Water ............................... .484 Taylor, Rigby, Gollasch, Voigt, Hallegraeff, McCollin & Jelmert The Biological Efficacy of Open Ocean Exchange - Implications for Ballast Water Management ...................................................................................................... 508 Galil & Hülsmann Filtration as aBallast Water Treatment Measure ......................................................... 511 Cangelosi Databases Databases on Aquatic Alien Species: North and Mediterranean Seas and Non-European Initiatives .............................................................................................. 520 Gollasch Internet Database on Alien Species in the Baltic Sea ................................................... 525 Oien in, Leppäkoski & Daunys Epilogue Toward Understanding Patterns ofCoastal Marine Invasions: A Prospectus .............. 529 Ruiz & Hewitt References .................................................................................................................... 548 ix Preface The global scale of alien species invasions is becoming more and more evident in the beginning ofthe new millennium. Though the problem ofbiological invasions became a rapidly growing research area, there are large gaps still, both geographically and the matically, to be filled in the near future. This book is the first attempt to provide an overall picture of aquatic species invasions in Europe. Its geographical scope stretches from Irish waters in the west to Volga River and the Caspian Sea in the east, and from Mediterranean in the south up to the Arctic coast of Europe. Not all parts of the continent could be equally covered, as in some countries species invasions are not studied yet. The book tends to represent the array of all major European aquatic systems on the broadest geographical and ecological scope possible from fully saline seas, semi-enclosed brackish water bodies and coastallagoons to freshwater lakes, major river systems and waterways. The key objectives include the present status and impacts caused by non-native aquatic species in European waters. Please note that lengthy species lists submitted for publication and additional informa tion were put on the Internet, as the electronical version of these tables benefits from computer assisted search for data (http://www.ku.lt/nemo/EuroAquaInvaders.htm). Altogether more than 100 scientists from 24 countries have joined to synthesize the available information on bioinvasions. However, the book does not claim to be fully comprehensive. To complete the picture, we asked non-European authors to contribute with facts not yet being dealt with in the European research arena. The idea of this volume originates from activities of the Baltic Marine Biologists (BMB), a non-governmental scientific organisation that established a working group on nonindigenous estuarine and marine species in 1994. The book benefited a lot from co operation with similar working groups of the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES), and the Nordic Council of Ministers. We are indebted to these organisations as well as to the Academy ofFinland for funding major parts ofthe editorial work. We thank all our colleagues for their individual efforts in gathering information in many hardly accessible and scattered local sources and making this available to an international reader. We also gratefully acknowledge Camilla Roos, MSc, for her patient editing of miscellaneous vers ions of "continental" English and technical assistance in shaping up of the book. Turku, Hamburg and Klaipeda, lune 2002 The Editors Alien Speeies in European Waters Introduction ALlEN SPECIES IN EUROPEAN W ATERS ERKKI LEPPÄKOSKI1', STEPHAN GOLLASCH2 & SERGEJ OLENIN3 1D epartment 0/ Biology, Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland 2GoConsult, Hamburg, Germany 3Coastal Research and Planning Institute, Klaipeda University, Klaipeda, Lithuania 'Corresponding author eleppakoski@aboji Abstract It is evident that the history of introduction of nonindigenous aquatic speeies into Europe dates back to pre-historic times. In this paper, we review from a historical perspective some of the human activities that have facilitated the potential of alien species from all eontinents but Antarc ti ca to become established in coastal and inland waters ofEurope. 1 Biological invasions: global chaUenge for newage Biological invasions assoeiated with human activities, resulting in global mixing of previously isolated biota, are recognised as one of the major elements of the global change. Many natural dispersal barriers for both terrestrial and aquatic species have been weakened, whereby the number of both potential invaders and remote source areas has increased. Geographie isolation of seas and continents as a creator and conservator of global biodiversity was breached several centuries aga and continues to melt down at increasing rate in recent deeades (Bright 1998; Dukes & Mooney 1999; Leppäkoski & Olenin 2001). Results of this global exchange of species are evident in most seas and inland waters of Europe. Much of its present structural and functional diversity is of foreign origin. We have defined this human-mediated addition of nonindigenous species as xenodiversity (Gr. xenos - strange) to indicate diversity caused by nonindigenous (non-native, alien, exotic, introduced) species (Leppäkoski & Olenin 2000). In some heavily invaded aquatic ecosystems, xenodiversity tends to reach and even exceed native biodiversity in terms of the number of species and life forms, and strongly affects the rate of ecosystem funetions. Even if the receiving eeosystems can become more diverse in terms of spe cies number they also become more similar to the rest ofthe world. Biological invasions, one ofthe top research areas in current days, have a long history. Ancient tribes and their prime val agriculture, nomadism and lifestyle as hunter- E. Leppäkoski et al. (eds.), lnvasive Aquatic Species of Europe, 1--6. © 2002 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
The list of books you might like
