inTRS -80 Personal Computers - American Radio History

114 Pages·2014·10.11 MB·English

Popular Electronics
WORLD'S LARGEST SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE APRIL 1982/$1
Adapt a Turntable to Play 78 -rpm Collector Records
How to Eliminate Data Loss
inTRS -80 Personal Computers
DIGITAL MEMORY
DEVICE CONVERTS
A STANDARD
OSCILLOSCOPE INTO
A STORAGE SCOPE
OZ9PT 2131S3H00è
IS N3aNI1 SLS
dOd2lO SAS 13313 21311IW d _
2l311IW d 2lW s
£$nî OTbO 260`15490 71W 88S98S' thiss issue:
"Phoenix" 19" Color TV Receiver
Pioneer CT-BR Cassette Deck
40 24 114112 78 111 Intelligent Systems Video Display Terminal
AmericanRadioHistory.Com
Make waves with an Apple.
If you'd like to spend more of your research budget on
research and less on computer costs, consider the discoveries
of Dr. John Lilly and the Human /Dolphin Foundation.
Dolphins vocalize at 2,000 - 40,000 Hz (compared with
300 -3,000 Hz for humans) and `converse" 10 -15 times faster
than their bipedal brethren.
In 1968, Dr. Lilly's interspecies communication experi-
ments stalled for lack of affordable computer power to bridge
this gap. But today, with the help of Apple Personal Computers
and a DEC`` PDP/ 11, things are going swimmingly.
A new program called JANUS (JointAnalog Numeric
Understanding System) uses a 48K Apple II Plus to generate
dolphin- comprehensible wave forms matched to dolphin-
AmericanRadioHistory.Com
viewable symbols on an underwater
screen. Dolphin responses are analyzed
through a PDP/ 11. A second Apple
monitors and analyzes data from all
phases of the experiment.
The objective is to create an
artificial language that is mutually
intelligible to both species, with
a beginning vocabu ary of 48 sound /symbol morphemes
associated with objects, locations and actions.
But, with all the micros available, why pick Apples?
Because they're inexpensive enough to allow the use
of a stand -alone computing system for dedicated functions.
Because they're portable and rugged enough for
field use in a wide range of environments.
And because they can be configured for many scientific
APPLE I APPLE I applications with no special I/O
Maximum RAM 64K 256K
I/O 8 expansion slots 4 expansion slots + devices. (Apple's IEEE -488 inter-
built -in interfaces for
disks and printer. face card will program and
Disk Drives Up to 6 140K Built -in 140K + up to
floppies. 3 additional floppies. operate virtually any test, meas-
Available with ProFile"
5MB hard disk.
Languages BASIC, Pascal," Enhanced BASIC, urement or control instrument.)
PILOT, COBOL, U C SD Pascal'
Assembly. Assembly. There's more software
Keyboard Fixed 96-c haracter Fully programmable
ASCII. 128- character, includes available for Apples than for
numeric keypad.
any other microcomputer on
the market. And more full service dealers worldwide.
Communicate with one and find out how an Apple
can make waves for you, whatever your, ah ... porpoise.
The personal computer. Sappia
The Human/Dolphin Foundation is a non -profit research organization, For more information, write Dr John Lilly, P.O. Box 4172, Malibu, CA 90265.
For the authorized Apple dealer nearest you, call (8001538-9696. In California, call [phone]. Or write: Apple Computer Inc., 10260 Bandley Dr., Cupertino, CA 95014.
CIRCLE NO 6 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
AmericanRadioHistory.Com
APRIL 1982 VOLUME 20, NUMBER 4
We Beat
All Prices! Popular tunics
HEWLETT,,., WORLDS LARGEST- SELLING ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE
Cn/ 11 PACK14RO 1
HP -85
or I - 1. - v Feature Articles
HP -125
AIMMOINMiiii Woo LEARNING QUIZZES FOR ELECTRONICS /Fredrick W. Hughes 57
$1989 -oir`.f DOWN THE TUBE /James E Lindensmith 106
Your Choice --
Construction Articles
NEW HP- 87.... CALL ADD WAVEFORM STORAGE TO YOUR OSCILLOSCOPE /Jonathan Wang and Dennis Murphy_. 43
5V." Dual Master Disk Drive CALL Store waveforms on your oscilloscope for approximately $228.
8" Dual Master Disk Drive CALL ADD A DISTINCTIVE EXTENSION PHONE RING TO YOUR TELEPHONE /Mark Forbes 56
5
5meg WINC. wH1E51S/4T EDRS DHDa rfdlo Dpipsky $345399 BUILD AI mSYpNroCvHeRsO fNreOqUuSe nDcEyT ErCeTsOpoRn sFeO Ra AnMd rReAmDoIOv e/Ds advies toHrtiirosnc.h berger 61
APPLE II PLUS, 48K CALL CHARGE TWO CAR BATTERIES AT ONCE /Charles Cohn 76
APPLE III CALL Speeds up charging time of lead -acid batteries.
TI 9914 $367
COMMODORE VIC -20 $255 78 -RPM RECORDS LIVE AGAIN! /Raymond Bintliff 77
NEC PC- 8001 -A, 32K $989 Adapt your turntable to rotate at 78 rpm.
,
X;EEROX 820 583"/ 4D" isDki skD rDivreivse s $23408995 ELIMINASTiEm DplAeT Aci rLcOuSit Sa IdNd YitOioUnR wTiRll Sa-v8o0i/d R oubteargt eEs. dWuiels oton line disturbances. 81
TI CALCULATORS
T
TIP- -5B5u-IsI iness Analysis I $36 Equipment Reviews
TIP -598 C 8$1769 PIONEER MODEL CT -8R CASSETTE DECK 25
TIP- P -100C $149 MAGNAVOX 19 COLOR "PHOENIX" CHASSIS 29
INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS MODEL 3651 MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM 31
H
mPe m-4o1rCy Vb uwitlht ifinv.e times more SANWA MODEL LCD -900 MULTITESTER 41
HP-41C SONY MODEL ICF -2001 RECEIVER FOR AM -FM BROADCAST AND SHORTWAVE 97
List $325 List $250
$249 $189 Columns
H
HP -41CV PQruinadte rM emory $2$893.0905 ENTERTAAuINdMioE NGTo eEsL EDCiTgRitaOlN iInC SL /aLse nV eFgealsd.m an 20
HP -41CV CardReader $167.95 COMPUTER BITS /Carl Warren 38
HP82160A HP -IL Module $99.00 Training Tools and System Add- Ons.
HP82161A Digital Cassette Drive.... $449.00 COMPUTER SOURCES /Leslie Solomon 83
HP11C $107.95
HP12C $119.95 HOBBY SCENE /Leslie Solomon 88
HP33C $74.95 SOLID -STATE DEVELOPMENTS /Forrest M. Mims 94
HP34C $117.95 Mercury, Vacuum. and Solid -State Pressure Sensors.
EXPERIMENTER'S CORNER /Forrest M. Mims 100
ATARI °800 $
689 PHaorwt 2to. NPorotetebcoto kPsr,o fLitabwlyee Irdse asn.d Patent Applications.
..,..,lull 1 r,n,i ,I litt will PROJECT
OF THE MONTH /Forrest M. Mims 107
___ Event -Failure Alarm.
_ as,
Departments
U.30). .Uofa , AL EDITORIAL /Art Salsberg 6
1U VVUV-c,..-
ATARI' Looking Backward.
NEW PRODUCTS 8
TIPS AND TECHNIQUES 87
ELECTRONICS LIBRARY 89
ATARI 400 $349
NEW LITERATURE 104
Atari 830 Acoustic Modem $145
Atari 825 80 Col. Impt. Ptr $565 OPERATION ASSIST 105
Atari 410 Prog. Recorder $69 ADVERTISER'S INDEX 1 20
Atari 810 Disk Drive $419
PERSONAL ELECTRONICS NEWS 1 26
rs o n a I CWOAVVEERF OPRHMO TBOY BJYA CJKA YW BARREDN NCEORL OCRo pSyEriRgVhItC Ea S,1 9IN82C
omputar COPYRIGHT o 1982 BY ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY. All rights reserved. Popular Electronics (ISSN 0032 -4485) April
1982, Volume 20, Number 4. Published monthly by Ziff -Davis Publishing Co., at One Park Ave., New York, NY 10016. Richard P.
SystQms Friese, President; Selwyn Taubman, Treasurer; Bertram A. Abrams, Secretary. One year subscription rate for U.S. and Posses-
SyrPac.Ou .s eB, oNx. Y1.103732 01 CsPiaoaindsa a,d ta$ ,N1 5ae.nw0d0 Y;f oCr kpa, anNya.mdYa.e ,n 1$t0 20o01f. 60p 0oa;s ntadal lg aeot tahinde dcr iatcisohnu.an Plt rOmiePsaU,i liLn$Ag2R 3o .Ef0fiL0cE e(Csc.Ta RAshOu tNhoIorCdrSiez residn o cnalulsyd ,is nepgca oEynaLdEb lCceTl aRinsO sU N.mSICa. Silc ubWryrO ethRneLc DyP),. o TsSrta eOdceoff nicMde a CrDklea Rpsste. ,gP Oisotsetatrawegdae.,
(800) 44(83 -521559 ) 4Fo7r P5la-c6in8g 0Or0de rs Only IaPnlhld oeStxouegbdrsa cpinrh ipyth,t eio SnRk eiCinaogdr,e rSre'tsse prGeooun idRee nvtcoiee wP: ,e PErOiolePdcUitcrLaoAln RiLc i EteELrExapCtueTrReim.O eNZniIfCtfe -SrD'.s a CvHiisrac naudlsabotoi oopnku ,D baleinspdht .e TsPa p.BOeo. aRBteoincxgo ,2r dC7i7na4gr, a8Bn oBduu lDdyiernivrg,e rGC. OuCi d8yec0.l3 eF0, o2Fr. mlyPianl eg3a,5 sP7eo9 pa uallolnawdr
Prices do not include shipping bt UPS. All prices and at least eight weeks for change of address, enclosing, it possible, an address label from a recent issue. Permissions. Material in
offers are subject to change without notice this publication may not be reproduced in any form without permission. Requests for permission should be directed to John
Babcock, Rights and Permissions, Ziff-Davis Publishing Co., One Park Ave., New York, NY 10016.
2 CIRCLE NO. 39 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD POPULAR ELECTRONICS
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THE PERFORMANCE/
TEK DUAL TRACE OSCILLOSCOPES PRICE STANDARD
Introducing a direct line
to a 60 MHz Tektronix scope
built for your bench!
From the world's most lesser- name scopes. 2 mV div to 10 mV /div). ance, positive attachment,
respected name in oscil- The 2213's practical de- Sweep speeds: Sweeps 10 -14 pF and 60 MHz at the
loscopes: a new scope, sign includes 65% fewer from 0.5 s to 50 ns (to 5 probe tip.
plus a new direct order mechanical parts, fewer ns /div with X10 mag). The price: Just $1100
number, that finally circuit boards, electrical Sensitivity: Scale factors complete *. Order direct
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Tektronix quality on your Result: a lower price for you to 2 mV /div (1X probe). Ac- Marketing Center. Phones
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Among professional en- Yet performance is pure coupling. people to answer your
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Now, for the first time, measurements. The sweep (Need dual time -base Now it's easier than
Tektronix is offering an ad- speeds for fast logic families performance and timing ever to get your hands on
vanced scope at an un- A complete trigger system accuracy to ± 1.5 %? Ask a Tek scope!
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Téktronix
Copyright ©1982 Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved 121 l'1IMMI11E111flExf:F11F.Nf,F
APRIL 1982 3
AmericanRadioHistory.Com
Introducing
the Sinclair ZX81
If you're ever going to buy If you already own a ZX80
a personal computer, now is the The 8K Extended BASIC
time to do it. chip used in the ZX8' is available
The new Sinclair ZX81 is the as a plug -in replacement for your
most powerful, yet easy -to -use ZX80 for only $39.95, plus shipping
computer ever offered for anywhere and handling-complete with new key-
near the price: only $149.95* completely board overlay and the ZX81 manual.
assembled. So in just a few minutes, with no
Don't let the price fool you. The special skills or tools required, you can
ZX81 has just about everything you upgrade your ZX80 to have all the
Mathematical and scientific functions
could ask for in a personal computer. powerful features of the ZX81. (You'll
accurate to 8 decimal places
A breakthrough have everything except continuous dis-
Unique one-touch entry of key words
in personal computers play, but you can still use the PAUSE
like PRINT, RUN and LIST
The ZX81 is a major advance over and SCROLL commands to get moving
the original Sinclair ZX80 -the world's Automatic syntax error detection and graphics.)
easy editing
largest selling personal computer and With the 8K BASIC chip, your
Randomize function useful for both
the first for under $200. ZX80 will also be equipped to use the
games and serious applications
In fact, the ZX81's new 8K Extended ZX Printer and Sinclair software.
Built -in interface for ZX Printer
BASIC offers features found only on com-
puters costing two or three times as much. 1K of memory expandable to 16K Warranty and Service Program **
The ZX81 is also very convenient The Sinclair ZX81 is covered by a
Just look at what you get:
to use. It hooks up to any television set 10 -day money -back guarantee and a
Continuous display, including moving
graphics to produce a clear 32-c olumn by 24 -line limited 90 -day warranty that includes free
Multi-d imensional string and numerical display. And you can use a regular parts and labor through our national
arrays cassette recorder to store and recall service -by -mail facilities.
Plus shipping and handling. Price includes connectors programs by name. * *Does not apply to ZX81 ki*s.
for TV and cassette. AC adaptor. and FREE manua
NEW SOFTWARE:Sinclair has ZX PRINTER: The Sinclair ZX 16K MEMORY MODULE: ZX81 MANUAL: The Z( 81
published pre-r ecorded pro- Printer will work with your ZX81, Like any powerful, full fledged comes with a comprehensive
grams on cassettes for your or ZX80 with 8K BASIC. It will computer, the ZX81 is expand- 164 -page programming guide
ZX81, or ZX80 with 8K BASIC. be available in the near future able. Sinclair's 16K memory and operating manual de-
We're constantly coming out and will cost less than $100. module plugs right onto the signed for both beginners and
with new programs, so we'll back of your ZX81 (or ZX80, experienced computer users.
send you our latest software with or without 8K BASIC). A $10.95 value, it's yours free
catalog with your computer. Cost is $99.95, plus shipping with the ZX81.
and handling.
AmericanRadioHistory.Com
Introducing
the ZX8'i kit
If you really wart to
save money, anc you enjoy
building electronic kits. you
can order the Zh ".81 in kit fo-m
for the incredible price of just
$98..95' It's the same, full -featured
computer, only you pu' it together
yourself. We'll send complete, easy -
to-follow instructions on how you can
assemble your ZX81 in just a few hours.
All you have to supply is the soldering iron.
How to order
Sinclair Research is tie world's ia-g-
estmanufacturer of personal compute -s.
The ZX81 represents the latest
technology in microelectronics, and it
picks up right where the ZÁ.80 left off.
Thousands are settling every week.
We urge you to place your order
for the new ZX81 today. The sooner you
order, the sooner you can start e'ijoying
your own computer.
To order, simply call our loll free
number, and use your MasterCard or VISA.
To order by mail,, please Jse the
moon. And serd your check or money AD CODE `.11 PE PRICEt QTY. AMOUNT
porudrecrh.a Wsee orerdgererst tohra Ct w.Oe. Dc:as.n not accep *-. ' ZX81 $149.95
CALL 800-543- 300C. As for op- ------ ZX81 Kit 99.95
Ienr aCtoarn a#d5a0 9ca. lIln 5O13h-io7 2c9a- l4l 380000.- 5A8s2k- 1fo3r6 4. [t; 16K Memory M8oKd uBleA S(IfCor c ZhXip8 1( for ZX80) 399.95
operator #509. Phones open 24 hours //
a day, 7 days a week. Have your Master- / r Shipping and Handling 4.95 $4.95
Card or VISA ready. , To ship outside USA add $10.00
only. FoTrh einsfeo rnmuamtiboenr, sy aorue mfours ot rwdreitres to i/lk---'--- TOTAL
Sinclair Research Ltd., One Sinclair Plaza, MAIL TO: Sinclair Research Ltd., One Sinclair Plaza, Nashua, NI- 03061.
Nashua, NH 03061.
NAME
ADDRESS
5ü1- 1Cair
CITY /STATE /ZIP
t U.S. Dollars
AmericanRadioHistory.Com
EDI1OR1PL
Looking Backward
A small percentage of laboratory -brew ent system, video tape was reel -to -reel, and ments that will reach the public in the
developments wend their way into successful the $1000 price tag in 1965 was too high. future. Looking back at what transpired can
consumer products. Merit alone is not Five years later, play -only systems were be helpful in avoiding mistakes. To sustain
enough, however. Risk capital, backed by introduced including a film system called the growth of video disc machines, it's clear
corporate courage and the profit motive, are Electronic Video Recording (EVR) from prices will have to be reduced further to
the real driving forces. Even these do not CBS, RCA's "Selecta Vision" video disc attract more people. Doubtlessly, this will
assure success, though. A new product also with 30 minutes play time, and A.E.G. Tele- occur, particularly with the CED play -only
faces a fickle public's acceptance. funken and Decca (Teldec) with a 12 -min- machine, as it is really a very simple design.
Consumer video machines could serve ute -play time "Video Disc." At the same Furthermore, discs hold the promise for
well as a business management lesson. In- time, Avco demonstrated its "Cartrivision" much lower cost since they can be produced
dustrialists and media experts touted the video recording machine with color TV more expeditiously than can tape. The
concept for almost a generation, but only capability, and Ampex also introduced a recording facility of the latter as well as the
now are tasting success. I authored a cover cartridge machine called "Instavision." rental of prerecorded tapes will carry the
story in September 1965, for example, that About five years later, companies got day for tape machines, though.
trumpeted, "Home Video Tape Recorders their acts together and the present Beta and Down the road you may look for tape
Are Here!" All the right forces were com- VHS tape systems were marketed. In anoth- recording facilities that are incorporated
bined, it seemed. Sony even incorporated a er five years, RCA's CED and Philips' into video cameras, which would likely
9 "- screen TV set into its unit. The price bar- LaserVision disc systems reached the mar- sound the death knell for 8 -mm movie cam-
rier of $3000+ was broken, with a round ketplace, with a VHD system expected later eras. And you will certainly be able to get
$1000 displacing it. Companies such as in 1982. All are incompatible, of course. stereo -sound TV at some future time. I hope
Sony, Panasonic, and Ampex had thrown But it appears that we are off and running that the quality of sound that becomes avail-
their hats into the video ring, and there was very well with all the machines marketed able once a system is chosen from among
talk of a $10- million first year in sales, with today. In fact, they're selling better than those submitted to the FCC is "high- fideli-
$100 -million within five years. Rumors were color TV receivers did in a comparable num- ty." After all, there's more to hi -fi than a
rampant that other companies would soon ber of years after their introduction. 50- to- 15,000 -Hz frequency range.
enter the field -RCA, 3M, Rheem, Del - Not surprising, the rise of video recorders
monico, among them. Notwithstanding this, has taken its toll of 8 -mm movie cameras,
it did not fly. The public evidently did not whose sales have been more than halved as
accept the absence of color -TV capability, more and more people have turned to VCRs.
there were no prerecorded tape companies This trend promises to continue.
beating the drum, every entry used a differ- There are other video products and refine-
Editorial and Executive Offices Ziff -Davis Publishing Company
Popular Electronics One Park Avenue Richard P. Friese President
JO
PEu bMliEshSeICr S N21e2w 7 Y25o -r3k5, 0N0 ew York 10016 Albert S. Traina PrMesaidgeanzti,n eC oDnisvuismioenr
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DONALD NOME 212 725 -3568 Sidney Holtz
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TEePcHhn DicaSlS EPdOitSorIT O SMuiditwe e1s4te00rn, 1O8f0fi cNe. Michigan Ave., Bertram A. Abrams Secretary
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FVeaIDtu rMes. WEdEiStoEr R SCahliecsa:g Toe, dI LW 6e0l6ch01 (312 346 -2600) I PEadrkit oArviael. ,c oNrerews pYonodrke,n cNeY: P1O00P1U6L. EAdRi toErLiaEl CcoTnRtrOibNuItCioSn,s
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Contributing Editors: Representation In Japan disclosed in this issue.
wan.r B baum. J. S. Yagi
Carl Wann, Stan Prentiss. Glenn Haus.r, Iwai Trading Co., Ltd.
Julian Hirsch, Porv.st Mims, Lon P.Idman 603 Ginza Sky Heights Bldg. ABC
EMxAecRuItEiv eM AsEsSisTtaRnIt 1T8o -k1y3o, ,G Jianpzan 7 -1C04h ome Memofb eCr irAculdaiti oBnsu reau Q
6 POPULAR ELECTRONICS
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A five year membership card. ElI do not presently own a videotape camera but am interested
A
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Additional information on new products
covered in this section is available from the
manufacturers. Either circle the item's code
number on the Free Information Card
or write to the manufacturer at the
address given.
Numeric Keypad for
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that offers the new Hewlett- Packard In- 0.25%. Dc voltage is measured in four
terface Loop (HP -IL). HP -IL is a two - ranges from 30 mV to 300 V. Accuracy is
wire serial interface bus intended for 0.008%. Resistance encompasses six full -
field- portable and simple bench -top sys- scale ranges from 300 ohms to 30 meg-
tems using portable controllers such as the ohms, and one additional range down to
HP 41C or HP 41CV handheld calcula- 30 ohms. Resistance accuracy is 0.004%.
tors. (A thermal printer can also be The unit has one 3 -A dc current range and
included in the loop.) The multimeter two ac current ranges: 0.3 and 3.0 A.
itself features an integrating multi -slope Bandwidth for the HP 3468A is 20 Hz to
A -to -D converter that permits the trade- 300 kHz; crest factor is 4.1 at full scale.
off of reading speed for resolution. The The multimeter also features electronic
The Keyboard Company's Numeric Key- user can, from the front panel or remotely, calibration with self -test; a 12- character,
pad is designed for use with the Apple II increase resolution from 31/2 to 51/2 digits, 14- segment alphanumeric LCD with 12
computer. One section of the unit is dedi- but reading speed is reduced by a factor of annunciators; and a single -piece silicone
cated for arithmetic calculations. It has a about ten. The HP 3468A has four full- rubber keyboard. $695.
standard keypad with double zero and CIRCLE NO.89 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
decimal point, as well as operator keys for
parenthesis, print, return, and the four
basic arithmetic functions. The other sec- which moves the cursor across the screen
tion inputs Visicalc commands using three until the key is released. A fourth key de-
keys to control cursor movement: two for letes entries. The keypad is coordinated Video Color Camera
directional control, and a third to change with the Apple in color and design. Cost, with Nikon Lens
cursor horizontal movement to vertical. with interface board, cord and directions,
Holding down either directional move- is $150.
ment key initiates the auto -repeat mode, CIRCLE NO. 87 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD
100-dB S/N Tape Recorder
control. Bidirectional record and playback
facilities are included, using a six -head
arrangement. Reel sizes up to 101/2" can
be accommodated. Transport functions
are handled through a logic system that
also permits "Search to Zero," "Search to
Cue," and "Block Repeat" operations. A
five -digit linear counter reads directly in
hours, minutes, and seconds. An "Auto -
Spacer" function is claimed to ensure
noiseless, evenly timed transitions be-
tween recorded selections. Also included The IK -1900 from Toshiba is the first vid-
are adjustable pitch control and switch - eo camera to incorporate a Nikon lens.
able external timer activation for either The camera features a viewing system,
play or record modes, wide -range VU- called Tru Image, claimed to permit a
type meters, full mic /line mixing, and user to see almost 100% of a scene, rather
The TEAC X -1000R open -reel tape deck separate -channel input and output con- than a black- and -white electronic image..
is reported to have a S/N of 100 dB trols. At 71/2 ips, overall frequency range The system is said to eliminate the need
through use of its built -in dbx noise- is given as 30 to 34,000 Hz with wow and for split- screen focusing by blurring the
reduction system and the new Extra Effi- flutter at 0.03%. At 33/4 ips, the range is entire image when the camera is out of
ciency tapes that the recorder can handle. from 30 to 24,000 Hz, with wow and flut- focus. The lens (Nikkor 12.5 mm -100
The transport system uses dual -capstan, ter at 0.04 %. $1400. mm) includes a motorized 8X zoom. A
closed -loop drive, with full- tension servo CIRCLE NO. 88 ON FREE INFORMATION CARD balance adjustment permits user control
of indoor and outdoor tint; and a boom-
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