Introduzione alla Fisica dello Stato solido

708 Pages·2008·4.45 MB·Italian

by  Charles Kittel

CHARLESK ITTEL
Introduazliloan e
Fiiscdae lSltoa stooidl o
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CostafniJsii che
Quantità Simbolo Valore CGS SI
Velodceiltllàua c e e 29.979251 10c0m 180m s-1
Caridce'ale llettronee 16.0129 ç' 1-0�1c
4.38.205. 1-00ì.i1. e.s.
CosdtiP. l anck h 62.6620 1-07e2 rsg 1-304J s
h h/Ti2 10.5459 1-07e2 rsg 1-304J s
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NumedrioA vogadro 62.120x71 230m o11-
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Unidtimà a ssaao tm. u.m.a.1 66.035 1-04g2 1-07k2 g
Massdae'l ellettronem 9.91506 1-08g2 1-301k g
Massdaepl r otone MP 16.712 6 1-04g2 1-07k2 g
Massprao tone/ MP!m 13861 .
Masselae ttrone
Recpirodceol closat ante
dis trutfitnuenr eea/ 2 la/ 173.036
Raggdieo'le lletter/2mo n2 ce 2.17894 1-03c1 m 1-05m1
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CostadnitR ey dbemr4e/g n 22Roo oR y 21.9719- 1-10e1rg 1-08J1
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1e lettronvolt e V 16.0129 1-10e2rg 1-10,J9
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eV/hc80 .6546 13c0 m-.1 150
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CostadnitB eoz lmtann ks 13.0862 1-06e1 rKg1 - 1-03J2K '-
Permitdteivlvu iottào 1 170/24 nc
Permeadbeivllu iottào EµOo 1 41t1 -70
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CHARLESK ITTEL
Introdaulzliao ne
FisdieclaSl toa stool ido
Ediziiotnaeli aac nuar dai
EnniBoo netti
UniversBiotlà.odgin a
CarlEon ricBoo ttani
PolitedcinM iicloa no
FrancCoi ccacci
PolitedcinM iicloa no
Capit1o8l soèt astcor idtatPloro f.P auMlc Euedne lCloarn eUi/n iversity
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CASEAD ITRIACMEB ROSIANA
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L'Autore
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hal avopreairgtl ro u pdpiro i cedriFc iasd ieclala ots ooS ltdiedBioe Llalb toorraies
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sindgoomlifeinr ira ogmniecitin;tro ehl ae stletase oo driBio lac dhe mia gnNoenli­.
la'mbidteol la fisseimocinacd udhtetapio a rriitp eaactipo r iemsirp iemtesinu lrlia­
sonadnipz laa sedm ica i tcrloonehe ae stier siosa utalilt tleao dreigsaalt tidi e lilme­
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sttcaio ncaeppopiisttia mpeenprto er taavrtaleinm a a tedrecilaa op li.Cot opno che
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QauunTmth eory
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mei nsiaeH m.Ke r oemer.
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lsat tratre elaczhiseou nsteset ri aqs uetsetsoelt eso u per iemdei z.i doIon viuti rin­
gramzeitnapie sru grgiemtier,ne sviioefn toio grsaofindeota n ie lplree fazailolnei
edizpiroencitie D.dee vnmoo latS out aJrotnh soinml,i E od itdoerlWelil ae; y Sau ­
zanInneg ,ri malio·o e diet oBarar ;b aBrealm lia,as ssetinpteer s.o nale
Corerzieos nuieg rgitmsiera nanbneona ec ceptostsoine;oss e irvneit aail 'Al u­
topreeer m- ail'i nadlilkriitztzeoel [email protected]
Imla nucaollnees olupzeiirDo oncie ènd tiis popneiirbdl io lwen load
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1P er lediitzailioimlnaa enn au,pa elirDe o ceènd tiis poinnli ibniiglnuega l seusslie dt,eo l ClaasE ad i­
triAcmebor siawnwaw,. ceaneitd.n,iie zlpilaoag diendati aacq aueospte'Preair.dl o wnlèno eacdse asrio
richiuendae srpweao isrndv iuannead- om aal'iilln didripi ozszetola e ttdriorneizciao:en [email protected] ni
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liadl ii vmeilclroo sccoosuptiiisuctcnoeo mdaegig riiotsarutidli e lFliasm iocdae rna.
Glsiiv luppiprùie ctedine lFliasd ieclSalt oas tool eii dlloo trroa sfertiemcennotloo ­
giicnos v arsieathttaion rpnioo r taalstlivool udpeplol a pmaargdtgeeilm olored erne
natneoclnoogie.
Snoota rscoolrtsqriue at raaa nndnail pluab blidcealztrliaaod nuezi ino nlei ngua
iatlidaenltale are zdai zdieollni ebd riCo hr laeKsie tlct,ut rdaa aG . lBdaini.
Neclo rdseog lilo 'paenornraii lgeig,ni auantttau taela ml',0eltnteadvianz ,ei oè
stactotasa nteamgegnittoearn acnoenit ednecuiat topili pii bùa isl,ac rhiceo isttui­
scoln'soso atduir acu onri snot erdiesn coienpc lscivsenaiamtreeesn peciadlii stico
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patircroelc aaip i1t71o,8l1 i,9c ,ht reta taanloca urngio mdepin irtùei c esnvtiel uppo.
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pitaoon rigcihnheaa cl oern ittbouc iosnu cscsaeol dliauff isonale i vmeolnldoi ale
delFliasd ieclSalat ots oo l:ii fldo oramlimsamtoe mèar tiidcaoolt' ltesose nlzeeig ali
argotmsieo nntorta attui nl ai vietnrloldoiu vntoot snp elcicisoaat,ni corricghsoéor .o
Ip reriesqiiuntsdipi ebnisalalicl moap rseinnoe dqeulaltsoaait l itàa rdgeogmlein ti
esptosisl ii tamniaou ncao nosdceegnelzliae tmfieo nndatamldeien lMleac canica
qutainisctead elTlemaro dinasamtitiiscctaa .
Ritencihalemas o t rudtetvluo rlaun mece o ntsaleu 'ntiliinnz uzmoes rcioo rsi
unvietrasrdiiip riems oe colnidlvoleI onp. a tircroeln ae'almlbidteolf laec odlit à
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FiseiM cateam tai.c a)
EnnBionoe tti
CarlBoot atni
FrnacCoi ccacci
Indiec
CAPITOLLOAS TURTTURCAR ISTALLINA
1: 1
Ordintapime ernidoedgilcii atomi 3
Vetttorrlaias ziornecatolirliia 4
Lab aseel as trutctruirsat allina 5
Celrleact oirlepa rimitiva 6
Modeflolnid aamldeiirn etticoli 6
Modedlirl eit ibciodliim ensionali 8
Modedlirl eit itcrdoiilmie nsionali 9
Siesmtii nddii cizdzepaiinz aici roainlselt ini 11
Srttuutrcer tiaslsleimnpel ici 13
Strutdteculolr rau driso o dio 13
Strutdtecullrr oau rdoic esio 14
Strutetsguaornaac lomep at(thac p) 15
Strutdtedulir aam ante 16
Strutdtesulor ularf doi z inco 17
Visualizdziarzdeietoltsnlatete ru t uraeot miche 18
Srttuutrcer ailsltnionined eali 18
Impmielnatcoa sueap loel itipismo 19
Datsiu lsrltueut rcter tiaslline 19
Smomario 22
Problemi 22
CAPITO2L:DO FI FRAZIDOENLELO EN DEER ETICLOOR EICPROCO 23
Dffirazdieolnolene dd eau nc ristallo 25
LeggdeiB ragg 25
Ampiedzez'olanl ddaiu ffsa 26
AnlaidsiFi o urier 27
Vettdoerrliei tcorleoc iproco 29
Condizpieloradn iiff razione 30
EquazdiiLo anuie 33
ZondeiB irllouin 32
Reticroecliop driuo nrc oe tisceo lo 34
Reticroelcoip driuo ncr oe tibccocl o 36
Reticroelcoi pdriuo ncr oe toilfccoc 37
AnlaidsiFi o urdieelrl a base 39
Fattdoisr ter utdterueltr iac boclco 40
Fattdoisr ter utdteruler tai fccocl o 40
Fattdoifr oer maoatm ico 41
Smomario 43
Problemi 43
971328-86-08 8-08-
viii IntroadluFlziaisd oiencSleatl aost ool ido ISBN
CAPITO3L:LO E GANMIEC IR IASLTLEIC OSATNTEILA STICHE
47
Crisdtiga alnslo ib ili 49
Li'nteradzivi aonn Weda earl so-nLdon 53
Interarzeipounles iva 56
Cosantrteict oirliaa l'elquilibrio 58
Enercgoieavs ai 59
Cristalli ionici 60
Eneregelitats rtioactoad iM adelung 61
Calcdoellocl osat adnitM ea delung 64
Crisctvoaalllein ti 67
Metalli 69
Legmaei drogeno 70
Ragagotim ici 70
Ragngeici r isitoanlilcii 72
Anlaidseild leefo rzmiaoenltiai sche 73
Ditlaazione 75
Lec opmonednetlisl foor zo 75
Cedevoelleazsezrt aii gciaed ltiiatcsàa 77
Densdiit àeg nieealr astica 77
Cotsanetlia stdieccirh ies ctuablilcii 78
Modudlico o pmrsesbiilviotlàu rmcieaetc ompsrisebilità 80
Ondeel asitnci rcihsect uablilcii 80
Ondnee ldliar ez[i0o1n]0e 81
Ondnee ldliar ez[i1o1]n0 e 82
Smomario 85
Problemi 85
CAPITOLOF ONOINVI.I BRAZDIEOCINR II ASLTLI 89
4:
Vibiroadnzeici r isctobanal smleoin tooaimca 91
Prizmoa ndaiB rillouin 93
Velodciig tràu ppo 94
Limipteelr u nghde'znozdeea l evate 94
Derivazione specroaisnmtdteiin tfoarlze a delle .94
Duaet opmeibr a sper imitiva 95
Quantizdzealozlniedeo eln aes tiche 99
Quatnidtimà o tof nodoenle 100
Diuffsnieao nleatiscdaap atrde efino oni 100
Smomario 120
Problemi 120
CAPITOLFOO NONIP RIOlPR.I TEETRÀIM CHE
5: 105
Capactiemtriàcf aoo nnica 170
DirsitbuzdiiPo lnaen ck 170
Numerazdiemoion deni o rmali 180
Densdietgàsl tia tuin daii nm ensione 190
Densdietgàsl tiai tnti rd ei mensioni 111