Table Of Content

For Mildred & Helen Copyright © 2014 by SAGE Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Knapp, Herschel. Introductory statistics using SPSS / Herschel Knapp, University of California, Los Angeles. pages cm Includes index. ISBN 978-1-4522-7769-1 (pbk.) ISBN 978-1-4833-1310-8 (web pdf) 1. SPSS for Windows. 2. Social sciences—Statistical methods—Computer programs. I. Title. HA32.K59 2014 005.5´5—dc23 2013024090 This book is printed on acid-free paper. 13 14 15 16 17 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FOR INFORMATION: SAGE Publications, Inc. 2455 Teller Road Thousand Oaks, California 91320 E-mail: [email protected] SAGE Publications Ltd. 1 Oliver’s Yard 55 City Road London EC1Y 1SP United Kingdom SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd. B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044 India SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd. 3 Church Street #10-04 Samsung Hub Singapore 049483 Acquisitions Editor: Helen Salmon Assistant Editor: Katie Guarino Editorial Assistant: Kaitlin Coghill Production Editor: Libby Larson Copy Editor: Gillian Dickens Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd. Proofreader: A. J. Sobczak Indexer: Will Ragsdale Cover Designer: Edgar Abarca Marketing Manager: Nicole Elliott Brief Contents Preface Acknowledgments About the Author Part I—Statistical Principles 1. Research Principles 2. Sampling 3. Working in SPSS Part II—Statistical Processes 4. Descriptive Statistics 5. t Test 6. ANOVA 7. Paired t Test 8. Correlation and Regression 9. Chi-Square Part III—Data Handling 10. Supplemental SPSS Operations Part IV—Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises INDEX Detailed Contents Preface Overview of Book Organization Part I—Statistical Principles Part II—Statistical Processes Overview of Statistical Functions Part III—Data Handling Part IV—Solutions to Odd-Numbered Exercises Downloadable Learning Resources Margin Icons Acknowledgments About the Author PART I—STATISTICAL PRINCIPLES 1. Research Principles Learning Objectives Overview Research Questions Control and Experimental Groups Rationale for Random Assignment Hypothesis Formulation Reading Statistical Outcomes Accept/Reject Hypothesis Levels of Measure Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio Types of Variables Categorical Continuous Key Concepts Practice Exercises 2. Sampling Learning Objectives Overview Rationale for Sampling Time Cost Feasibility Extrapolation Sampling Terminology Population Sample Frame Sample Representative Sample Probability Sampling Simple Random Sampling Systemic Sampling Stratified Sampling Disproportionate/Proportionate Sampling Area Sampling Nonprobability Sampling Convenience Sampling Snowball Sampling Quota Sampling Purposive Sampling Sampling Bias Key Concepts Practice Exercises 3. Working in SPSS Learning Objectives Digital Learning Resources Overview Two Views: Variable View and Data View Variable View Name Type Width Decimals Label Values Missing Columns Align Measure Role Data View Value Labels Icon Codebook Saving Data Files Key Concepts Practice Exercises PART II—STATISTICAL PROCESSES 4. Descriptive Statistics Learning Objectives Digital Learning Resources Overview