Introduction to Thermal Cloaking: Theory and Analysis in Conduction and Convection PDF
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Woon-Shing Yeung Ruey-Jen Yang Introduction to Thermal Cloaking Theory and Analysis in Conduction and Convection Introduction to Thermal Cloaking · Woon-Shing Yeung Ruey-Jen Yang Introduction to Thermal Cloaking Theory and Analysis in Conduction and Convection Woon-ShingYeung Ruey-JenYang DepartmentofEngineeringScience DepartmentofEngineeringScience NationalChengKungUniversity NationalChengKungUniversity Tainan,Taiwan Tainan,Taiwan MinistryofScienceandTechnology,Taiwan ISBN978-981-16-7549-2 ISBN978-981-16-7550-8 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7550-8 ©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNature SingaporePteLtd.2022 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsaresolelyandexclusivelylicensedbythePublisher,whether thewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuse ofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,and transmissionorinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilar ordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbook arebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateofpublication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsor theeditorsgiveawarranty,expressedorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade.Thepublisherremainsneutralwithregardtojurisdictional claimsinpublishedmapsandinstitutionalaffiliations. ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbytheregisteredcompanySpringerNatureSingaporePteLtd. The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721, Singapore ThisbookisdedicatedtotheDepartmentof EngineeringScienceatTaiwan’sNational ChengKungUniversity. Preface I In a chance visit to the LinkedIn© website, I came across the name of a long-lost classmate and friend of mine from the University of California, Berkeley: Dr. and Chair Professor Ruey-Jen Yang (affectionately called RJ hereafter). RJ was just startinghisthesisworkunderProf.MauriceHoltinBerkeley,whenIjustfinished my Ph.D. studies at Berkeley (also under Prof. Holt), in 1979. The same year, in thesummer,Prof.HoltaskedmetocomebacktoBerkeleyforashortpostdoctoral appointment,workingwithRJonhisPh.D.thesisonturbulentboundarylayer.That wasthestartofourfriendship.Weauthoredtwojournalpaperstogether,oneonthe applicationoftheMethodofIntegralRelationstoturbulentboundarylayer(published intheASMEJournalofAppliedMechanics)andanotheronwakeflows,presented atthe9thInternationalMeetingonNumericalMethodsinFluidDynamicsinSaclay, France.Intheyearsafter1979,RJandIhadonlyseeneachotheronceinLowell, Massachusetts, where I taught. However, since the early 1980s, he and I had not communicatedwitheachother.IdidknowsomehowthathehadreturnedtoTaiwan topursueanacademiccareeralongtheway.FromtheLinkedIn© profile,Ilearned thatRJisChairProfessorintheDepartmentofEngineeringScienceattheNational ChengKungUniversityinTainan.Onthespurofthemoment,IsentamessagetoRJ inquiringaboutanopportunitytovisitChengKungandengageinacademicactivities. He replied right away, surprised at receiving my message, with some information regardingtheapplicationsofacademicappointmentfromoverseasscholars. EvenNationalChengKungUniversityhasastoryofhistoryforme.Backin1988, whenIwascontemplatingasabbaticalleavefromUniversityofLowell,Iinitially appliedforNationalChengKungUniversitybasedontherecommendationofone ofmycolleagueswhowasanalumnusofChengKung.IsentmyrequesttoCheng Kung,andthecontactthereforwardedmylettertoDr.Liang-JiFanoftheIndustrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) in Hsinchu. It so happened that one of my students, Dr. Yew-Khoy Chuah, at Dartmouth (where I taught briefly for one year afterBerkeley)workedunderDr.FaninITRI.Hesawmyname,andimmediately contactedmewithanoffer.IendedupgoingtoITRIforoneyear.Fastforwardthirty years,IreturnedtoChengKung.Lifehasitsownplan. vii viii PrefaceI IamindebtedtoRJformakingthisvisitpossible.Mystayisinitiallysupportedby agrantfromMOST(MinistryofScienceandTechnology)foraprojectconcerning various aspects of thermal cloaking research, and later by the Higher Education SproutProject,MinistryofEducation totheHeadquarters ofUniversityAdvance- ment. Special thanks are also due to Stephanie, RJ’s wife, and Doris Liu, RJ’s assistant,forhelpingmakemyarrivalandtransitiontoTainanassmoothaspossible. Finally,Iamimmenselythankfulformywife,SylviaYeung;withouthersupport for my selfish indulgence of taking up a foreign academic appointment, and her sacrifice to attend to matters large and small at home, this book would have never becomeareality. Tainan,Taiwan Woon-ShingYeung August2021 Preface II Thermal cloaking has been an emerging field of engineering since early 2000, inspiredbytheseminalworkofPendryetal.onelectromagneticcloakingpublished in Science in 2006. Since then, the concept of Pendry et al. has been extended to otherfieldsofphysics,includingthermalsciences.Muchoftheadvancesinthermal cloakingispublishedinjournals.Duetospacelimitations,thepresentationinthese journalarticlesisoftenabridged.Inaddition,asubstantialproportionofopenlitera- tureonthermalcloakingisoftenauthoredbyresearcherswithaphysicsbackground, owingtothefactthatthermalcloakingisextendedfromcloakingstudiesinelectro- magnetism.Asaresult,mostanalysesandresultspresentedinthesejournalarticles are quite mathematically taxing and abstract, and may not be easily understood byseniorsorenteringgraduatestudentsinengineeringmajors.Thismotivatesour writing:wewishtowriteatextbookonthermalcloakingwithdetailedexplanation oftheunderlying theoreticalbasesleadingtotheprimarythermalcloaking results in open literature, from an engineering perspective. Also, we want to present the materialswithanemphasisontherelatedphysicalphenomenaandinterpretations, to the extent that is possible. It is our hope that, through this book, engineering students can grasp the fundamental ideas of thermal cloaking and the associated mathematics,therebybetterequippingthemtoinitiatetheirownresearchandexplore newideasinthermalcloaking.Asatextbookforagraduatecourseinadvancedtopics in engineering sciences, we do not strive to be comprehensive in our undertaking; we cover the two major branches of thermal cloaking: transformation thermody- namicsandbilayertheory.Also,werestrictourselvestocloakingundertwomodes ofheattransfer:conductionandconvection.Thus,wedonotclaimourbooktobea generalreferencetothefieldofcloakingresearch,butinstead,auniquemonograph specificallyaddressingthermalcloakingwithintheconfinesmentionedabove. Thisbookisaculminationofstudyonthermalcloakingduringavisitingappoint- mentattheNationalChengKungUniversity(NCKU)ofWSY,andismainlywritten forenteringgraduateengineeringstudentswithabackgroundinfundamentalthermal fluidsciencesandappliedmathematics,whoareinterestedinlearningorperforming researchonthesubjectmatter.Mostofthematerialspresentedinthismonographare availableinopenliterature;thisbookalsocontainsoriginalanalysesbytheauthors, ix x PrefaceII inspired by published work in the literature. Cloaking under two modes of heat transfer are covered: conduction and forced convection. Fundamental materials— suchasgeneralcoordinatetransformation,heatconductioninanisotropicmaterials, andporousmediatransportphenomena,whicharenecessaryfortheunderstanding ofthephysicalconceptsofthermalcloaking—arealsopresented.Finally,wehope this book will promote awareness in students that the acquisition of fundamental understandingofanysubjectmatterisaprerequisitetotheirgraduateresearch.This bookissuitableforathree-creditgraduatecourseinadvancedtopicsinengineering sciences. Tainan,Taiwan Woon-ShingYeung Ruey-JenYang Acknowledgements ThewritingofthisbookissupportedbygrantsfromtheTaiwanMinistryofScience and Technology (MOST) and the Higher Education Sprout Project, Ministry of EducationtotheHeadquartersofUniversityAdvancementatNationalChengKung University(NCKU),duringWSY’svisittoNCKU.TheCOMSOLcomputationfor thetrilayercloakanalysiswasperformedbyMr.Fu-YaoYang,andthatforthebilayer convection cloak analysis by Dr. Van-Phung Mai and Ms. Fu-Sui Hung; they also generatedmanyofthefiguresinthisbook.Theircontributionsareverymuchappre- ciated.Lastly,specialthankstoNeilYeung,whoreviewedthemanuscriptregarding thewritingaspectsandhasprovidedmanyusefulcommentsandcorrectionsduring thefinalproofreadingstage. xi
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