Introduction to Software Project Management

290 Pages·2014·2.015 MB·English

by  Villafiorita, Adolfo

Software Engineering & Systems Development V
i Introduction to
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Although software development is one of the most complex activities carried out by fi
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man, sound development processes and proper project management can help to ensure i
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your software projects are delivered on time and under budget. Providing the know- a Software
how to manage software projects effectively, Introduction to Software Project
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Management supplies an accessible introduction to software project management. n
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The book begins with an overview of the fundamental techniques of project Project
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management and the technical aspects of software development. This section supplies u
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the understanding of the techniques required to mitigate uncertainty in projects and
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better control the complexity of software development projects. The second part o
illustrates the technical activities of software development in a coherent process— n Management

describing how to customize this process to fit a wide range of software development t
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scenarios.
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• Examines project management frameworks and software development
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standards, including ESA and NASA guidelines, PRINCE ®, and PMBOK® t
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• Addresses open source development practices and tools so readers can adopt
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best practices and get started with tools that are available for free
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• Explains how to tailor the development process to different kinds of products e
and formalities, including the development of web applications
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• Includes access to additional material for both practitioners and teachers at r
www.spmbook.com o
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Supplying an analysis of existing development and management frameworks, the c
book describes how to set up an open-source tool infrastructure to manage projects. t

Since practitioners must be able to mix traditional and agile techniques effectively, M
the book covers both and explains how to use traditional techniques for planning
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and developing software components alongside agile methodologies. It does so in a
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manner that will help you to foster freedom and creativity in assembling the processes
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that will best serve your needs.
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K15541 Adolfo Villafiorita
6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW n
Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 ISBN: 978-1-4665-5953-0
711 Third Avenue 90000 t
an informa business New York, NY 10017
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K15541 cvr mech.indd 1 1/10/14 9:28 AM
Introduction to
Software
Project
Management

Introduction to
Software
Project
Management
Adolfo Villafiorita
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742
© 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business
No claim to original U.S. Government works
Version Date: 20140108
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-5954-7 (eBook - PDF)
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ToBarbara

Contents
Preface..................................................................................... xv
Acknowledgments....................................................................... xvii
Author..................................................................................... xix
1 Introduction......................................................................... 1
1.1 WhatisaProject .............................................................. 1
1.1.1 ProjectsandOperationalWork .................................. 1
1.1.2 Programs,Subprojects,andPortfolios.......................... 3
1.1.2.1 Programs................................................ 4
1.1.2.2 Subprojects............................................. 4
1.1.2.3 Portfolios................................................ 4
1.2 WhatisaSoftwareProject .................................................. 5
1.2.1 ApplicationDevelopment......................................... 5
1.2.2 ProcessandSystemsReengineeringServices................... 6
1.2.3 SystemIntegrationServices....................................... 6
1.2.4 OtherTypesofProjects............................................ 7
1.3 ManagingProjects ............................................................ 7
1.3.1 TheProjectManagerandtheProjectStakeholder ........... 7
1.3.2 ProjectStakeholders................................................ 8
1.3.3 CodeofConductsandEthicalAspects......................... 9
1.4 SoftwareProjectManagement .............................................. 10
1.5 GoalsandOrganizationoftheBook ...................................... 13
1.6 FurtherReferences ............................................................ 14
1.7 QuestionsandTopicsforDiscussion ..................................... 16
References .............................................................................. 16
vii
viii (cid:2) Contents
2 TheBasics:SoftwareDevelopmentActivities
andTheirOrganization........................................................... 19
2.1 SoftwareRequirementsDefinition ........................................ 20
2.1.1 RequirementsElicitation.......................................... 21
2.1.2 RequirementsStructuring......................................... 21
2.1.3 UserExperienceDesign............................................ 22
2.1.4 RequirementsValidation .......................................... 23
2.2 BusinessModeling ............................................................ 23
2.2.1 MappingtheOrganizationalStructure......................... 24
2.2.2 ModelingtheBusinessProcesses................................. 25
2.2.3 MappingtheExistingITInfrastructure........................ 25
2.2.4 MappingBusinessEntities........................................ 25
2.3 DesignandImplementation ................................................ 26
2.3.1 SystemDesign....................................................... 26
2.3.2 Implementation..................................................... 28
2.4 VerificationandValidation .................................................. 29
2.4.1 Testing................................................................. 29
2.4.2 OrganizingTestingActivities..................................... 30
2.4.2.1 TestPlanDefinition.................................. 30
2.4.2.2 TestExecutionandReporting...................... 30
2.5 Deployment .................................................................... 31
2.6 OperationsandMaintenance ............................................... 34
2.6.1 SupportingandMonitoringOperations ....................... 34
2.6.2 Maintenance......................................................... 34
2.6.3 OrganizingSupportandMaintenanceActivities............. 35
2.7 QuestionsandTopicsforDiscussion ..................................... 36
References .............................................................................. 37
3 MakingITRight:ManagingGoals,Time,andCosts...................... 39
3.1 BeforeYouStart:AssessingValueandRisks ............................. 39
3.1.1 ProjectValue:AspectstoConsider.............................. 40
3.1.2 ProjectRisks:AspectstoConsider............................... 40
3.1.3 TechniquestoAssessValueandRisks........................... 41
3.1.3.1 FinancialMethods.................................... 41
3.1.3.2 ScoreMatrices......................................... 43
3.1.3.3 SWOTAnalysis ....................................... 44
3.1.3.4 StakeholderAnalysis.................................. 45
3.1.3.5 AssessingSustainability .............................. 46
3.1.3.6 ARecapofProjectSelectionTechniques......... 46
3.1.4 TheProjectFeasibilityDocument............................... 47
3.2 FormalizingtheProjectGoals .............................................. 48
3.2.1 ProjectGoalsandRequirements................................. 49
3.2.2 ProjectAssumptionsandConstraints........................... 50
Contents (cid:2) ix
3.2.3 ProjectOutputsandControlPoints ............................ 51
3.2.4 ProjectRoster........................................................ 53
3.3 DecidingtheWork ........................................................... 53
3.3.1 BuildingaWBS..................................................... 54
3.3.2 WBSDecompositionStyles....................................... 56
3.3.3 WBSDictionary .................................................... 58
3.3.4 WBSConstructionMethodologies.............................. 58
3.4 Estimating ...................................................................... 58
3.4.1 Effort,Duration,andResources................................. 59
3.4.2 The“Quick”ApproachtoEstimation.......................... 60
3.4.3 TheUncertaintyofEstimations.................................. 61
3.4.4 PERT.................................................................. 63
3.4.5 AlgorithmicTechniques........................................... 64
3.4.5.1 FunctionPoints........................................ 65
3.4.5.2 COCOMO ............................................ 67
3.4.5.3 WebObjects ........................................... 71
3.4.5.4 EffortandProjectPhases............................ 72
3.5 SchedulingaPlan ............................................................. 72
3.5.1 IdentifyDependenciesamongActivities....................... 73
3.5.1.1 TypeofDependencies................................ 73
3.5.1.2 LeadandLagTime................................... 75
3.5.1.3 NetworkGraphs....................................... 75
3.5.2 IdentifytheCriticalPath.......................................... 76
3.5.3 AllocateandLevelResources..................................... 80
3.5.3.1 QualifyingtheResourcesNeeded
foraTask ............................................... 81
3.5.3.2 SpecifyingResourceAvailability.................... 81
3.5.3.3 AllocatingResourcestoaPlan...................... 83
3.5.4 TheGanttChart.................................................... 84
3.6 OptimizingaPlan ............................................................ 86
3.6.1 RenegotiatingGoalsandDeadlines............................. 86
3.6.2 PhasetheProject.................................................... 87
3.6.3 ProjectCrashing..................................................... 87
3.6.4 FastTracking......................................................... 88
3.6.5 CriticalChainManagement...................................... 90
3.7 BudgetingandAccounting .................................................. 92
3.7.1 ProjectCosts......................................................... 92
3.7.2 CostElementStructures........................................... 93
3.7.3 DeterminingtheProjectCosts................................... 95
3.7.4 ManagingProjectCosts............................................ 95
3.8 ProjectExecution ............................................................. 97
3.8.1 KickingActivitiesOff.............................................. 98
3.8.2 CollecttheOutputofActivities.................................. 98