Introduction to Pharmaceutical Biotechnology: Dispensing, Delivery, Targeting and Regulations of Biotechnological Products

258 Pages·2019·13.115 MB·English

by  Saurabh Bhatia, Satish Sardana, Tanveer Naved

Introduction to Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Volume 3
Animal tissue culture and biopharmaceuticals

Introduction to Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Volume 3
Animal tissue culture and biopharmaceuticals
Saurabh Bhatia and Satish Sardana
Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University Haryana, Gurgaon, India
Tanveer Naved
Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
IOP Publishing, Bristol, UK
ªIOPPublishingLtd2019
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ISBN 978-0-7503-1347-6(ebook)
ISBN 978-0-7503-1348-3(print)
ISBN 978-0-7503-1349-0(mobi)
DOI 10.1088/2053-2563/aafac0
Version:20190301
IOPExpandingPhysics
ISSN2053-2563(online)
ISSN2054-7315(print)
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PublishedbyIOPPublishing,whollyownedbyTheInstituteofPhysics,London
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Dedicated to my beloved parents, my wife (Mrs Sonali Bhatia Sachdeva)
and my sweet little son (Daksh Bhatia).

Contents
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xiv
Author biography xv
1 Introduction to animal tissue culture science 1-1
1.1 Introduction 1-1
1.2 Historical background 1-2
1.3 Types of cell cultures 1-3
1.4 Primary cell culture 1-6
1.4.1 Mechanical disaggregation 1-6
1.4.2 Enzymatic disaggregation 1-7
1.4.3 Primary explant technique 1-9
1.5 Segregation of non-viable cells from viable cells 1-10
1.6 Ethical issues in animal tissue culture 1-10
1.7 Safety considerations in animal tissue culture 1-11
1.8 Cell lines (first subculture or passage) 1-11
1.8.1 Types of cell lines 1-11
1.8.2 Standard nomenclature of cell lines 1-12
1.8.3 Cell line selection 1-14
1.8.4 Verification of a cell line 1-14
1.8.5 Characterization of cell lines 1-15
1.8.6 Misidentification of cell lines 1-15
1.8.7 Maintenance of a cell line 1-16
1.9 Subculture 1-17
1.9.1 Monolayer cultures 1-18
1.9.2 Procedures for cell detachment 1-18
1.10 Suspension cultures 1-21
1.10.1Cell synchronization 1-22
1.10.2Cell synchronization by chemical means 1-23
1.10.3Cell synchronization by physical means 1-23
1.11 Algal extracts in animal tissue culture 1-24
1.12 Animal and plant tissue culture 1-24
1.13 Biomaterials and animal tissue culture 1-25
1.14 Nanotechnology and biotechnology 1-26
References 1-27
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IntroductiontoPharmaceuticalBiotechnology,Volume3
2 Organ culture 2-1
2.1 Organ culture 2-1
2.1.1 Organ culture techniques 2-2
2.1.2 Plasma clot 2-3
2.1.3 Raft methods 2-7
2.1.4 Grid method 2-7
2.1.5 Agar gel 2-8
2.1.6 Cyclic exposure to the medium and gas phase 2-8
2.2 Histotypic culture 2-10
2.2.1 Gel and sponge technique 2-11
2.2.2 Hollow fiber technique 2-11
2.2.3 Spheroids 2-11
2.2.4 Rotating chambers 2-14
2.3 Artificial skin 2-18
References 2-23
3 Stem cell culture 3-1
3.1 Introduction 3-1
3.2 Embryonic stem cells 3-2
3.3 Epithelial stem cells 3-5
3.3.1 Stratified epithelial cell culture 3-7
3.3.2 Columnar epithelial cell culture 3-9
3.4 Cancer cell culture 3-9
3.5 Maintenance of stem cells 3-10
3.6 Adult stem cells 3-11
3.7 Applications of cultured stem cells 3-12
3.7.1 Stem cell applications in regenerative medicine and disease 3-14
therapeutics
3.7.2 Other applications 3-16
References 3-18
4 Culture media for animal cells 4-1
4.1 Introduction 4-1
4.1.1 Natural media 4-1
4.1.2 Artificial media 4-2
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IntroductiontoPharmaceuticalBiotechnology,Volume3
4.2 Physical and chemical properties of culture media 4-3
4.2.1 pH 4-3
4.2.2 Oxygen 4-3
4.3 Balanced salt solutions (BSS) 4-7
4.4 Growth medium 4-7
4.4.1 The role of amino acids in animal culture 4-11
4.4.2 Vitamins 4-12
4.4.3 Micro-nutrients 4-12
4.4.4 Glucose 4-15
4.4.5 Hormones and growth factors 4-15
4.4.6 Additional organic supplements 4-16
4.5 Serum 4-17
4.5.1 Proteins 4-18
4.5.2 Nutrients and metabolites 4-18
4.5.3 Growth factors 4-19
4.5.4 Hormones 4-20
4.5.5 Carrier proteins 4-20
4.5.6 Lipids and related components 4-21
4.5.7 Transition metals 4-21
4.5.8 Vitamins 4-21
4.5.9 Polyamines 4-22
4.5.10Reducing agents 4-22
4.5.11Additives 4-22
4.5.12Adhesion factors 4-22
4.6 Bioreactors in animal tissue culture 4-23
4.7 Serum-free media 4-24
4.7.1 Preparation of serum-free media 4-26
References 4-27
5 Animal tissue culture facilities 5-1
5.1 Introduction 5-1
5.2 Infrastructural requirements 5-1
5.3 Equipment 5-2
5.4 Culture vessels 5-2
5.4.1 Materials used for culture vessels 5-5
5.4.2 Types of culture vessel 5-5
5.4.3 Cell culture vessel treatment 5-6
ix