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Introduction to Naval Architecture This page intentionally left blank Introduction to Naval Architecture Third Edition E. C. Tupper, BSc, CEng, RCNC, FRINA, WhSch OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS SAN DIEGO SAN FRANSISCO SINGAPORE SYNDEY TOKYO Butterworth-Heinemann An imprint of Elsevier Science Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP First published as Naval Architecture for Marine Engineers, 1975 Reprinted 1978, 1981 Second edition published as Muckle's Naval Architecture, 1987 Third edition 1996 Reprinted 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2002 Copyright 1996, Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the Copyright Licencing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright holder's written permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed to the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 0 7506 2529 5 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann publications visit our website at www.bh.com Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Rochester, Kent Printed arid bound in Great Britain Contents Preface to the third edition vii Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction 1 2 Definition and regulation 5 3 Ship form calculations 19 4 Flotation and stability 30 5 The environment 81 6 Seakeeping 100 7 Strength 121 8 Resistance 173 9 Propulsion 209 10 Manoeuvring 252 11 Vibration, noise and shock 276 12 Ship design 304 Appendix: Units, notation and sources 347 Index 353 V This page intentionally left blank Preface to the third edition One definition of wisdom is the thoughtful application of learning; insight; good sense; judgement. It can be said that this book aims to contribute to the reader's wisdom. It sets out to provide knowledge of the fundamentals of naval architecture so that the reader can define a ship form, calculate its draughts and displacement and check its stability. It seeks to give an understanding of other aspects of the ship such as the possible modes of structural failure and its manoeuvring and seakeeping performance. It presents information on the environment in which the ship has to operate, and describes the signs that might indicate pending trouble. As with all branches of engineering, naval architecture is changing dramatically as a result of modern technology. Computers have made a big impact on the design, construction and operation of ships. New materials and changing world economics are bringing new ship types into commercial use or resulting in changes in more established types. Greater emphasis on protection of the environment has led to new regulations on waste disposal and the design of ships to minimize the harmful results of oil spillages and other accidents. There is now greater attention to safety of life at sea, not least as a result of the tragic loss of life in passenger ferries such as the Estonia and the Herald of Free Enterprise. Because of the rate of change in the subject, new texts are required not only by those beginning a career in the profession but also by those already involved who wish to keep their knowledge up-dated. This book is intended only as an introduction to naval architecture. It sets out to educate those who need some knowledge of the subject in their work, such as sea-going engineers and those who work in design offices and production organizations associated with the maritime sector. It will help those who aspire to acquire a qualification in naval architecture up to about the incorporated engineer level. Most major design calculations are, today, carried out by computer. However, it is vital that the underlying principles are understood if computer programs are to be applied intelligently. It is this understanding which this book sets out to provide for the technician. vii viii PREFACE Apart from ships, many are involved in the exploitation of offshore energy resources, harvesting the riches of the sea or in leisure activities. Leisure is an increasingly important sector in the market, ranging from small boats to large yachts and ferries and even underwater passenger craft to show people the marvels of marine life. All marine structures must obey the same basic laws and remain effective in the harsh marine environment. Many of those working in these fields will have had their basic training in a more general engineering setting. This volume presents the essential knowledge of naval architecture they need in a form which they should find easy to assimilate as part of a course of learning. Those who are already practitioners will find it useful as a reference text. Acknowledgements Many of the figures and most of the worked examples in this book are from Muckle's Naval Architecture which is the work this volume is intended to replace. A number of figures are taken from the publications of the Royal Institution of Naval Architects. They are reproduced by kind permission of the Institution and those concerned are indicated in the captions. I am very grateful to my son, Simon, for his assistance in producing the new illustrations. ix