Introduction to MATLAB for Engineers, 3rd Edition

577 Pages·2010·5.97 MB·english

by  William John Palm

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Numbered Examples:
Chapters One to Eight
Numberand Topic Numberand Topic
ChapterOne 4.7–1 Using the switchstructure for calendar
calculations
1.1–1 Volume of a circular cylinder
4.9–1 Acollege enrollment model: Part I
1.6–1 Piston motion
4.9–2 Acollege enrollment model: Part II
ChapterTwo
ChapterFive
2.3–1 Vectors and displacement
5.2–1 Plotting orbits
2.3–2 Aortic pressure model
2.3–3 Transportation route analysis
ChapterSix
2.3–4 Current and power dissipation in
resistors 6.1–1 Temperature dynamics
2.3–5 Abatch distillation process 6.1–2 Hydraulic resistance
2.4–1 Miles traveled 6.2–1 Estimation of traf c ow
2.4–2 Height versus velocity 6.2–2 Modeling bacteria growth
2.4–3 Manufacturing cost analysis 6.2–3 Breaking strength and alloy
2.4–4 Product cost analysis composition
2.5–1 Earthquake-resistant building design 6.2–4 Response of a biomedical instrument
2.6–1 An environmental database
2.7–1 Astudent database
ChapterSeven
7.1–1 Breaking strength of thread
ChapterThree
7.2–1 Mean and standard deviation of heights
3.2–1 Optimization of an irrigation channel 7.2–2 Estimation of height distribution
7.3–1 Statistical analysis and manufacturing
ChapterFour tolerances
4.3–1 Height and speed of a projectile
4.5–1 Series calculation with a forloop ChapterEight
4.5–2 Plotting with a forloop 8.1–1 The matrix inverse method
4.5–3 Data sorting 8.2–1 Left division method with three
4.5–4 Flight of an instrumented rocket unknowns
4.6–1 Series calculation with a whileloop 8.2–2 Calculations of cable tension
4.6–2 Growth of a bank account 8.2–3 An electric resistance network
4.6–3 Time to reach a speci ed height 8.2–4 Ethanol production
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Numbered Examples:
Chapters Eight to Eleven
Numberand Topic Numberand Topic
8.3–1 An underdetermined set with three ChapterTen
equations and three unknowns #
10.2–1 Simulink solution ofy = 10sint

8.3–2 Astatically indeterminate problem
10.2–2 Exporting to the MATLAB workspace
8.3–3 Three equations in three unknowns, #
10.2–3 Simulink model fory = -10y + f(t)
continued
10.3–1 Simulink model of a two-mass
8.3–4 Production planning
suspension system
8.3–5 Traf c engineering
10.4–1 Simulink model of a rocket-propelled
8.4–1 The least-squares method
sled
8.4–2 An overdetermined set
10.4–2 Model of a relay-controlled motor
10.5–1 Response with a dead zone
ChapterNine 10.6–1 Model of a nonlinear pendulum
9.1–1 Velocity from an accelerometer
9.1–2 Evaluation of Fresnel(cid:146)s cosine integral
ChapterEleven
9.1–3 Double integral over a nonrectangular
region 11.3–1 Intersection of two circles
9.3–1 Response of an RCcircuit 11.3–2 Positioning a robot arm
9.3–2 Liquid height in a spherical tank 11.5–1 Topping the Green Monster
9.4–1 Anonlinear pendulum model
9.5–1 Trapezoidal pro le for a dc motor
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®
Introduction to MATLAB
for Engineers
William J. Palm III
University of Rhode Island
TM
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TM
INTRODUCTION TO MATLABfiFOR ENGINEERS, THIRD EDITION
Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas,
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ISBN 978-0-07-353487-9
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All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Palm, William J. (William John), 1944(cid:150)
Introduction to MATLAB for engineers / William J. Palm III.(cid:151)3rd ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-07-353487-9
1. MATLAB. 2. Numerical analysis(cid:151)Data processing. I. Title.
QA297.P33 2011
518.0285(cid:151)dc22
2009051876
www.mhhe.com
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To my sisters, Linda and Chris, and to my parents, Lillian and William
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A B O U T T H E A U T H O R
William J.Palm III is Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of
Rhode Island. In 1966 he received a B.S. from Loyola College in Baltimore, and
in 1971 a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering and Astronautical Sciences from
Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.
During his 38 years as a faculty member, he has taught 19 courses. One of
these is a freshman MATLAB course, which he helped develop. He has authored
eight textbooks dealing with modeling and simulation, system dynamics, control
systems,andMATLAB.TheseincludeSystemDynamics,2ndEdition(McGraw-
Hill, 2010). He wrote a chapter on control systems in the Mechanical Engineers(cid:146)
Handbook(M. Kutz, ed., Wiley, 1999), and was a special contributor to the fth
editions of Staticsand Dynamics,both by J.L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige (Wiley,
2002).
Professor Palm(cid:146)s research and industrial experience are in control systems,
robotics, vibrations, and system modeling. He was the Director of the Robotics
Research Center at the University of Rhode Island from 1985 to 1993, and is the
coholder of a patent for a robot hand. He served as Acting Department Chair
from 2002 to 2003. His industrial experience is in automated manufacturing;
modeling and simulation of naval systems, including underwater vehicles and
tracking systems; and design of control systems for underwater-vehicle engine-
test facilities.
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C O N T E N T S
Preface ix 4
CHAPTER
Programming with MATLAB 147
1
CHAPTER
4.1 Program Design and Development 148
An Overview of MATLAB® 3
4.2 Relational Operators and Logical
1.1 MATLAB Interactive Sessions 4 Variables 155
1.2 Menus and the Toolbar 16 4.3 Logical Operators and Functions 157
1.3 Arrays, Files, and Plots 18 4.4 Conditional Statements 164
1.4 Script Files and the Editor/Debugger 27 4.5 forLoops 171
1.5 The MATLAB Help System 33 4.6 whileLoops 183
1.6 Problem-Solving Methodologies 38 4.7 The switchStructure 188
1.7 Summary 46 4.8 Debugging MATLAB Programs 190
Problems 47 4.9 Applications to Simulation 193
4.10 Summary 199
2
CHAPTER
Problems 200
Numeric, Cell, and Structure Arrays 53
2.1 One- and Two-Dimensional Numeric
5
Arrays 54 CHAPTER
2.2 Multidimensional Numeric Arrays 63 Advanced Plotting 219
2.3 Element-by-Element Operations 64 5.1 xyPlotting Functions 219
2.4 Matrix Operations 73 5.2 Additional Commands and
2.5 Polynomial Operations Using Arrays 85 Plot Types 226
2.6 Cell Arrays 90 5.3 Interactive Plotting in MATLAB 241
2.7 Structure Arrays 92 5.4 Three-Dimensional Plots 246
2.8 Summary 96 5.5 Summary 251
Problems 97 Problems 251
3
CHAPTER
Functions and Files 113 CHAPTER 6
Model Building and Regression 263
3.1 Elementary Mathematical Functions 113
3.2 User-De ned Functions 119 6.1 Function Discovery 263
3.3 Additional Function Topics 130 6.2 Regression 271
3.4 Working with Data Files 138 6.3 The Basic Fitting Interface 282
3.5 Summary 140 6.4 Summary 285
Problems 140 Problems 286
vii
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viii Contents
7 10.7 Subsystems 443
CHAPTER
Statistics, Probability, and 10.8 Dead Time in Models 448
Interpolation 295 10.9 Simulation of a Nonlinear Vehicle
Suspension Model 451
7.1 Statistics and Histograms 296
10.10 Summary 455
7.2 The Normal Distribution 301
Problems 456
7.3 Random Number Generation 307
7.4 Interpolation 313
1 1
CHAPTER
7.5 Summary 322
MuPAD 465
Problems 324
11.1 Introduction to MuPAD 466
CHAPTER 8 11.2 Symbolic Expressions and Algebra 472
LinearAlgebraic Equations 331 11.3 Algebraic and Transcendental
Equations 479
8.1 Matrix Methods for Linear Equations 332
11.4 Linear Algebra 489
8.2 The Left Division Method 335
11.5 Calculus 493
8.3 Underdetermined Systems 341
11.6 Ordinary Differential Equations 501
8.4 Overdetermined Systems 350
11.7 Laplace Transforms 506
8.5 AGeneral Solution Program 354
11.8 Special Functions 512
8.6 Summary 356
11.9 Summary 514
Problems 357
Problems 515
9
CHAPTER
A
APPENDIX
Numerical Methods forCalculus and
Guide to Commands and Functions in
Differential Equations 369
This Text 527
9.1 Numerical Integration 370
9.2 Numerical Differentiation 377
B
APPENDIX
9.3 First-Order Differential Equations 382
Animation and Sound in MATLAB 538
9.4 Higher-Order Differential Equations 389
9.5 Special Methods for Linear Equations 395
C
9.6 Summary 408 APPENDIX
Formatted Output in MATLAB 549
Problems 410
CHAPTER 1 0 APPENDIX D
Simulink 419 References 553
10.1 Simulation Diagrams 420
10.2 Introduction to Simulink 421 APPENDIX E
10.3 Linear State-Variable Models 427 Some Project Suggestions
www.mhhe.com/palm
10.4 Piecewise-Linear Models 430
10.5 Transfer-Function Models 437 Answers to Selected Problems 554
10.6 Nonlinear State-Variable Models 441 Index 557
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P R E FA C E
F
ormerly used mainly by specialists in signal processing and numerical
analysis, MATLABfiin recent years has achieved widespread and enthusi-
astic acceptance throughout the engineering community. Many engineer-
ing schools now require a course based entirely or in part on MATLAB early in
the curriculum. MATLAB is programmable and has the same logical, relational,
conditional, and loop structures as other programming languages, such as Fortran,
C, BASIC, and Pascal. Thus it can be used to teach programming principles. In
most schools a MATLAB course has replaced the traditional Fortran course, and
MATLAB is the principal computational tool used throughout the curriculum. In
some technical specialties, such as signal processing and control systems, it is
the standard software package for analysis and design.
The popularity of MATLAB is partly due to its long history, and thus it is
well developed and well tested. People trust its answers. Its popularity is also due
to its user interface, which provides an easy-to-use interactive environment that
includes extensive numerical computation and visualization capabilities. Its
compactness is a big advantage. For example, you can solve a set of many linear
algebraic equations with just three lines of code, a feat that is impossible with tra-
ditional programming languages. MATLAB is also extensible; currently more
than 20 (cid:147)toolboxes(cid:148) in various application areas can be used with MATLAB to
add new commands and capabilities.
MATLAB is available for MS Windows and Macintosh personal computers
and for other operating systems. It is compatible across all these platforms, which
enables users to share their programs, insights, and ideas. This text is based on
MATLAB version 7.9 (R2009b). Some of the material in Chapter 9 is based
on the control system toolbox, Version 8.4. Chapter 10 is based on Version 7.4 of
Simulinkfi. Chapter 11 is based on Version 5.3 of the Symbolic Math toolbox.
TEXTOBJECTIVES AND PREREQUISITES
This text is intended as a stand-alone introduction to MATLAB. It can be used in
an introductory course, as a self-study text, or as a supplementary text. The text(cid:146)s
material is based on the author(cid:146)s experience in teaching a required two-credit
semester course devoted to MATLAB for engineering freshmen. In addition,
the text can serve as a reference for later use. The text(cid:146)s many tables and its
referencing system in an appendix have been designed with this purpose in mind.
A secondary objective is to introduce and reinforce the use of problem-
solving methodology as practiced by the engineering profession in general and
fiMATLAB and Simulink are a registered trademarks of The MathWorks, Inc.
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