Introduction to Health Care, 3rd Edition

625 Pages·2011·25.74 MB·English

by  Dakota Mitchell, Lee Haroun

INTRODUCTION TO
HEALTH CARE
THIRD EDITION
Supplements At-A-Glance
SUPPLEMENT WHAT IT IS WHAT’S IN IT
StudyWARE™ CD-ROM Software program ● Quizzes with immediate feedback
(CD-ROM in the back ● Health-related videos
of the book) ● Career skills videos
● Anatomy and pathology animations
● Math tutorials
● Interactive games
● Crossword puzzles
● Case studies
Workbook Print ● Vocabulary review
● Review questions
● Critical thinking scenarios
● Image labeling
● Skill assessment checklists
Mobile Media Mobile downloads Mobile downloads with audio for directional terms,
terms related to the structure and function of the
body, and terms related to common conditions.
Instructor Resources CD-ROM ● Electronic Instructor’s Manual files
● Electronic testbank
● Slide presentation created in PowerPoint®with
full-color art, animations, and video clips
● Textbook and workbook answer keys
WebTutor Advantage Web access ● On Blackboard platform (other platforms available
upon request)
● Content and quizzes linked to each chapter
● Comprehensive glossary
● Video clips and animations
● StudyWARE™ interactive games
● Slide presentations created in PowerPoint®
● Discussion questions
● Mid-term and Final exams
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Introduction to Health Care, Third Edition © 2012, 2007, 2002Delmar Cengage Learning
Dakota Mitchell and Lee Haroun
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Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11
CONTENTS
Preface xi Aging Population 45
About the Authors xviii Increasing Costs 45
Acknowledgments xix Health Care Facilities and Services 46
About this Book xx Hospitals 47
How to Use the StudyWARE™ Ambulatory Services 48
CD-ROM xxii Long-Term Care Facilities 48
Home Health Care Providers 49
Hospice 50
UNIT 1: HEALTH CARE TODAY
Consolidation of Health Care Services 50
Government Health Services 50
Chapter 1
New Approaches to Health Care 51
Your Career in Health Care 3
Wellness 52
Your Future in Health Care 4
Complementary and Alternative
Essential Qualities of Health Care
Medicine 52
Professionals 5
Challenges in Health Care Today 56
Standards for Health Care Professionals 5
Access to Health Care 56
Occupational Profiles 7
Social Conditions 57
Therapeutic and Treatment Occupations 7
Maintaining the Quality of Care 57
Diagnostic Occupations 20
Public Health Concerns 58
Health Information Management
Personal Responsibility for Health 58
Occupations 24
Implications for Health Care Professionals 59
Environmental Occupations 26
Getting Off to a Good Start 28
Learning to Think Like a Health Care Chapter 3
Professional 28 Ethical and Legal Responsibilities 61
Establishing Good Work Habits 31 The Purpose of Ethics 62
Getting the Most from Your Studies 32
Ethics and Health Care 62
Learning for Mastery 32
Professional Codes of Ethics 64
Returning Adult Learners 33
Personal Values 65
Ethics and the Law 66
Chapter 2
Guiding Principles of Health Care
Current Health Care Systems
Ethics 66
and Trends 35
Preserve Life 68
The Health Care Industry Today 36
Do Good 70
Technological Advancements 36
Respect Autonomy 70
Specialization 44
Uphold Justice 73
v
vi CONTENTS
Be Honest 75 Apothecary System 117
Be Discreet 76 Converting Systems of Measurement 118
Keep Promises 78 Temperature Conversion 119
Do No Harm 79
Handling Ethical Dilemmas 80 UNIT 3: THE HUMAN BODY
Who Decides? 81
Chapter 6
UNIT 2: THE LANGUAGE Organization of the Human Body 125
OF HEALTH CARE The Basis of Life 126
Cells 128
Chapter 4 Tissues 128
Medical Terminology 85 Describing the Body 130
Importance of Medical Terminology 86 Body Planes 130
The Building Blocks of Medical Directional Terms 130
Language 86 The Body Cavities 130
Word Roots and Combining Forms 86 Abdominal Descriptions 132
Suffixes 87
Chapter 7
Prefixes 88
Structure and Function
Deciphering Medical Terms 93
of the Human Body 137
Spelling and Pronunciation 93
The Importance of Anatomy and Physiology 138
Medical Abbreviations and Symbols 95
Genetics 139
Medical Dictionary 97
The Systems of the Body 139
Mastering Medical Terminology 97
Systems for Movement and Protection 139
Systems for Providing Energy
Chapter 5
and Removing Waste 150
Medical Math 101
Systems for Sensing, Coordinating,
Importance of Math in Health Care 102
and Controlling 164
Math Anxiety 102 Systems for Producing New Life 177
Basic Calculations 103
Chapter 8
Whole Numbers 104
Growth and Development 185
Decimals 105
Fractions 107 Knowing Your Patient 186
Percentages 108 Life Stages 187
Ratios 108 Prenatal 188
Converting Decimals, Fractions, Infancy 190
Percentages, and Ratios 108 Toddler 190
Rounding Numbers 108 Preschooler 191
Solving Problems with Proportions 110 School-Age Child 191
Estimating 111 Adolescence 192
Military Time 111 Young Adulthood 192
Roman Numerals 113 Middle Adulthood 193
Angles 114 Later Adulthood 193
Systems of Measurement 115 Care Considerations 195
Household System 115 Future Trends 197
Metric System 116 Death And Dying 197
CONTENTS vii
UNIT 4: PERSONAL Workplace Violence 264
AND WORKPLACE SAFETY Fire and Electrical Hazards 266
Chemical Hazards 270
Chapter 9 Radiation Hazards 270
Body Mechanics 205
Infectious Waste 271
The Importance of Prevention 206 Oxygen Hazards 271
General Guidelines 207 Emergency Disaster Plan 271
Back Belts 211 Bioterrorism 272
Computers and Ergonomics 212 Triage 273
Use of a Mouse as Pointing Device 212
Visual Problems 214
UNIT 5: BEHAVIORS
Chapter 10
FOR SUCCESS
Infection Control 217
Importance of Infection Control in Health Care 218
Chapter 12
Microbiology 219 Lifestyle Management 277
Types of Microbes 220
Importance of a Healthy Lifestyle 278
Chain of Infection 223
Habits and Health 279
Scope of the Problem 224
Diet and Nutrition 279
Regulatory Agencies 224
Types of Diets 281
Prevention through Asepsis 225
Organic Foods 283
Breaking the Chain of Infection 225
Maintaining a Normal Weight 284
Standard Precautions 226
Eating Disorders 285
Personal Protective Equipment 226
Physical Activity 286
Transmission Precautions 235
Sleep 286
Neutropenic Precautions 239
Preventive Measures 287
Antiseptics, Disinfectants, and Sterilization 240
Stress in Modern Life 287
Surgical Asepsis 240
External and Internal Stressors 288
The Risks 244
Dealing with Stress 288
Hepatitis B 244
Minimizing Health Risks 292
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 248
Smoking 292
Tuberculosis 249
Substance Abuse 292
Other Infectious Organisms 251
Occupational Hazards 293
Drug-Resistant Organisms 251
Safe Sex 293
Reporting accidental Exposure 256
Burnout 294
Chapter 11
Helping Patients Develop Healthy Lifestyles 294
Environmental Safety 259
Chapter 13
Importance of Environmental Safety
in Health Care 260 Professionalism 297
General Safety Guidelines 260 The Meaning of Professionalism 298
Moving Safely 260 Professional Attitude 298
Dressing for Safety 262 Professional Behaviors 299
Working Safely with Patients 262 Professional Health Care Skills 300
Protecting Yourself and Others 262 Professional Appearance 300
Reporting for Safety 264 Professional Distance 301
viii CONTENTS
Handling Difficult Situations Professionally 301 Patients with Special Needs 346
Professional Acceptance of Criticism 301 Patients Who Are Terminally III 346
Professional Organizations 302 Patients Who Are in Pain, Medicated,
Confused, or Disoriented 347
Professional Leadership 303
Patients Who Have Hearing, Visual,
Chapter 14 or Speech Impairments 347
Lifelong Learning 305 Patients Who Are Angry 348
Importance of Lifelong Learning 306 Patients Who Do Not Speak English 348
Keeping Up with Changes in Health Care 306 Special Applications of Communication
Skills 349
Continuing Education Units 308
Telephone Communication 349
Ways to Earn CEUs 308
Patient Education 350
Self-Directed Learning 310
Group Presentations 351
Gossip and Patient Privacy 352
UNIT 6: COMMUNICATION
Chapter 17
IN THE HEALTH CARE SETTING
Written Communication 355
Chapter 15 Written Communication: A Vital Link
The Patient as an Individual 315 in Health Care 356
The Components of Good Writing 357
Patients as Individuals 316
Organizing Content 357
Philosophy of Individual Worth 316
Spell Your Way to Success 359
Dealing with Prejudice 317
Grammar at a Glance 359
The Meaning of Culture 317
Business Letters 364
Individuals and Culture 318
Using Form Letters 364
Dominant Culture 319
Writing Effective Letters 364
Health Care Beliefs 322
Business Letter Formats 365
Religious Beliefs and Health 322
Preparing Letters for Mailing 365
Harmony and Health 323
Memos 365
Herbs and Plant Medicines 324
Meeting Agendas 370
Determining Individual Needs 325
Minutes of Meetings 370
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs 325
Patient Education Materials 371
Patient Needs 327
Physiological Needs 327 Confidentiality of Written Materials 371
Safety and Security Needs 327 Proofreading Written Work 371
Love and Affection Needs 327
Chapter 18
Self-Esteem Needs 328
Computers and Technology
Self-Actualization Needs 328
in Health Care 375
Defense Mechanisms 329
Dealing with Loss 330 Computers in Health Care 376
Information Management 377
Chapter 16
Electronic Medical Records 379
The Communication Process 335
Creation of Documents 381
Importance of Communication Spreadsheets 382
in Health Care 336 Diagnostics 383
Communication and Patient Well-Being 337 Treatment 386
The Communication Process 337 Patient Monitoring 387
The Six Steps of the Communication Process 338 Research 388