Introduction to digital wireless communications

286 Pages·2017·6.498 MB·English

by  Yang, Hong-Chuan

IETTELECOMMUNICATIONSSERIES72
Introduction to Digital
Wireless Communications
Othervolumesinthisseries:
Volume9 PhasenoiseinsignalsourcesW.P.Robins
Volume12 SpreadspectrumincommunicationsR.SkaugandJ.F.Hjelmstad
Volume13 AdvancedsignalprocessingD.J.Creasey(Editor)
Volume19 Telecommunicationstraffic,tariffsandcostsR.E.Farr
Volume20 AnintroductiontosatellitecommunicationsD.I.Dalgleish
Volume26 Common-channelsignallingR.J.Manterfield
Volume28 Verysmallapertureterminals(VSATs)J.L.Everett(Editor)
Volume29 ATM:ThebroadbandtelecommunicationssolutionL.G.Cuthbertand
J.C.Sapanel
Volume31 Datacommunicationsandnetworks,3rdeditionR.L.Brewster(Editor)
Volume32 AnalogueopticalfibrecommunicationsB.Wilson,Z.Ghassemlooyand
I.Z.Darwazeh(Editors)
Volume33 ModernpersonalradiosystemsR.C.V.Macario(Editor)
Volume34 DigitalbroadcastingP.Dambacher
Volume35 Principlesofperformanceengineeringfortelecommunicationand
informationsystemsM.Ghanbari,C.J.Hughes,M.C.SinclairandJ.P.Eade
Volume36 Telecommunicationnetworks,2ndeditionJ.E.Flood(Editor)
Volume37 OpticalcommunicationreceiverdesignS.B.Alexander
Volume38 Satellitecommunicationsystems,3rdeditionB.G.Evans(Editor)
Volume40 SpreadspectruminmobilecommunicationO.Berg,T.Berg,J.F.Hjelmstad,
S.HaavikandR.Skaug
Volume41 WorldtelecommunicationseconomicsJ.J.Wheatley
Volume43 TelecommunicationssignallingR.J.Manterfield
Volume44 Digitalsignalfiltering,analysisandrestorationJ.Jan
Volume45 Radiospectrummanagement,2ndeditionD.J.Withers
Volume46 Intelligentnetworks:PrinciplesandapplicationsJ.R.Anderson
Volume47 LocalaccessnetworktechnologiesP.France
Volume48 TelecommunicationsqualityofservicemanagementA.P.Oodan(Editor)
Volume49 Standardcodecs:ImagecompressiontoadvancedvideocodingM.Ghanbari
Volume50 TelecommunicationsregulationJ.Buckley
Volume51 SecurityformobilityC.Mitchell(Editor)
Volume52 UnderstandingtelecommunicationsnetworksA.Valdar
Volume53 Videocompressionsystems:Fromfirstprinciplestoconcatenatedcodecs
A.Bock
Volume54 StandardCodecs:Imagecompressiontoadvancedvideocoding,3rdedition
M.Ghanbari
Volume59 DynamicAdHocNetworksH.RashvandandH.Chao(Editors)
Volume60 UnderstandingTelecommunicationsBusinessAValdarandIMorfett
Volume65 AdvancesinBody-CentricWirelessCommunication:Applicationsand
state-of-the-artQ.H.Abbasi,M.U.Rehman,K.QaraqeandA.Alomainy(Editors)
Volume67 Managing the Internet of Things: Architectures, theories and applications
J.HuangandK.Hua(Editors)
Volume68 AdvancedRelayTechnologiesinNextGenerationWirelessCommunications
I.KrikidisandG.Zheng
Volume69 5GWirelessTechnologiesDr.AngelikiAlexiou(Editor)
Volume70 Cloud and Fog Computing in 5G Mobile Networks Dr. Evangelos Markakis,
Dr.GeorgeMastorakis,Dr.ConstandinosX.MavromoustakisandDr.EvangelosPallis
(Editors)
Volume71 UnderstandingTelecommunicationsNetworks,2ndeditionA.Valdar
Volume73 NetworkasaservicefornextgenerationinternetQ.DuanandS.Wang(Editors)
Volume74 Access, Fronthaul and Backhaul Networks for 5G & Beyond M.A. Imran,
S.A.R.ZaidiandM.Z.Shakir(Editors)
Volume76 Trusted Communications with Physical Layer Security for 5G and Beyond
T.Q.Duong,X.ZhouandH.V.Poor(Editors)
Volume905ISDNapplicationsineducationandtrainingR.MasonandP.D.Bacsich
Introduction to Digital
Wireless Communications
Hong-Chuan Yang
The Institution of Engineering and Technology
PublishedbyTheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,London,UnitedKingdom
TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnologyisregisteredasaCharityinEngland&
Wales(no.211014)andScotland(no.SC038698).
©TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology2018
Firstpublished2017
ThispublicationiscopyrightundertheBerneConventionandtheUniversalCopyright
Convention.Allrightsreserved.Apartfromanyfairdealingforthepurposesofresearch
orprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,aspermittedundertheCopyright,Designsand
PatentsAct1988,thispublicationmaybereproduced,storedortransmitted,inany
formorbyanymeans,onlywiththepriorpermissioninwritingofthepublishers,orin
thecaseofreprographicreproductioninaccordancewiththetermsoflicencesissued
bytheCopyrightLicensingAgency.Enquiriesconcerningreproductionoutsidethose
termsshouldbesenttothepublisherattheundermentionedaddress:
TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology
MichaelFaradayHouse
SixHillsWay,Stevenage
Herts,SG12AY,UnitedKingdom
www.theiet.org
Whiletheauthorandpublisherbelievethattheinformationandguidancegiveninthis
workarecorrect,allpartiesmustrelyupontheirownskillandjudgementwhenmaking
useofthem.Neithertheauthornorpublisherassumesanyliabilitytoanyoneforany
lossordamagecausedbyanyerrororomissioninthework,whethersuchanerroror
omissionistheresultofnegligenceoranyothercause.Anyandallsuchliability
isdisclaimed.
Themoralrightsoftheauthortobeidentifiedasauthorofthisworkhavebeen
assertedbyhiminaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisproductisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
ISBN978-1-78561-160-5(hardback)
ISBN978-1-78561-161-2(PDF)
TypesetinIndiabyMPSLimited
PrintedintheUKbyCPIGroup(UK)Ltd,Croydon
ToJie,Jamie,andJason

Contents
Preface xiii
1 Introductiontowirelesstransmission 1
1.1 Overviewofwirelesscommunications 1
1.2 Spectrumaccess 3
1.2.1 Multipleaccess 4
1.2.2 Randomaccess 5
1.3 Duplexing 6
1.4 Digitalwirelesstransmissions 9
1.5 Furtherreadings 11
Problems 11
Bibliography 11
2 Large-scalechanneleffects 13
2.1 Wirelesscommunicationchannels 13
2.2 Pathlossmodels 15
2.3 Interferenceanalysisforcellularsystems 19
2.3.1 Cellularconcept 20
2.3.2 Cochannelinterferenceanalysis 21
2.4 Shadowingmodel 26
2.5 Outageandcoverageanalysis 27
2.6 Furtherreadings 30
Problems 30
Bibliography 31
3 Multipathfading 33
3.1 Generalfadingchannelmodel 33
3.2 Time-domainvariation 36
3.2.1 Dopplereffect 36
3.2.2 Slowvsfastfading 38
3.3 Multipathdelayspread 40
3.3.1 Powerdelayprofile 41
3.3.2 Frequency-flatvsfrequency-selectivefading 43
3.4 Simplifiedmodelsforfadingchannels 44
3.4.1 Frequency-flatfading 45
viii Introductiontodigitalwirelesscommunications
3.4.2 Autocorrelationofcomplexchannelgain 48
3.4.3 Frequency-selectivefading 51
3.5 Furtherreadings 53
Problems 53
Bibliography 54
4 Digitaltransmissionoverflatfading 55
4.1 Basicsofdigitalbandpasstransmission 55
4.2 Linearbandpassmodulation 57
4.3 OptimaldetectioninpresenceofAWGN 61
4.4 DetectionperformanceoverAWGNchannel 63
4.5 Effectofflatfadingchannelphase 67
4.5.1 Channelestimation 69
4.5.2 Differentialmodulation 70
4.5.3 π/4DifferentialQPSK 72
4.6 Effectofflatfadingchannelmagnitude 75
4.6.1 Performancemeasures 76
4.6.2 Statisticalmodelsforflatfadingchannelgain 78
4.7 Performanceanalysisoverfadingchannels 81
4.7.1 Outageanalysis 82
4.7.2 PDF-basedaverageerrorrateanalysis 83
4.7.3 MGF-basedaverageerrorrateanalysis 84
4.8 Furtherreadings 87
Problems 88
Bibliography 90
5 Fadingmitigationthroughdiversitycombining 91
5.1 Basicsofdiversitycombining 91
5.1.1 Implementationstrategies 91
5.1.2 Antennareceptiondiversity 92
5.1.3 Frameworkforperformanceanalysis 93
5.2 Selectioncombining 94
5.3 Maximumratiocombining 98
5.3.1 Optimallinearcombining 98
5.3.2 Performanceanalysis 100
5.3.3 Equalgaincombining 103
5.4 Thresholdcombininganditsvariants 104
5.4.1 Dual-branchswitchandstaycombining 105
5.4.2 Multibranchswitchandexaminecombining 107
5.4.3 Thresholdcombiningwithpost-examiningselection 108
5.5 Transmitdiversity 110
5.5.1 Channelknowledgeavailableattransmitter 110
5.5.2 Channelknowledgeunavailableattransmitter 112
Contents ix
5.6 Furtherreadings 116
Problems 116
Bibliography 117
6 Transmissionoverfrequency-selectivefading 119
6.1 Effectoffrequency-selectivefading 119
6.2 Equalization 123
6.2.1 Equalizingreceiver 123
6.2.2 Digitalimplementation 125
6.2.3 Adaptiveimplementation 129
6.3 Multicarriertransmission 130
6.4 Discreteimplementation/OFDM 135
6.5 ChallengesofOFDMtransmission 140
6.6 Furtherreadings 144
Problems 144
Bibliography 146
7 Spread-spectrumtransmission 147
7.1 Direct-sequencespreadspectrum 147
7.1.1 Spreadingcodedesign 151
7.1.2 EffectofDSSSreceiveroninterferenceandnoise 153
7.1.3 RAKEreceivers 155
7.2 MultipleaccesswithCDMA 157
7.2.1 Spreadingcodesformultipleaccess 159
7.2.2 Performanceanalysis 160
7.3 Frequency-hoppingspreadspectrum 161
7.4 Furtherreadings 164
Problems 164
Bibliography 166
8 Channelcapacityandcoding 167
8.1 CapacityofAWGNchannels 167
8.2 ChannelcodingforAWGNchannels 170
8.2.1 Blockcodes 170
8.2.2 Performancebenefitwithcoding 173
8.2.3 Convolutionalcodesandturbocodes 175
8.3 Capacityofflatfadingchannels 177
8.3.1 Ergodiccapacity 177
8.3.2 Capacitywithoutage 179
8.3.3 Optimalpowerandrateadaptation 181
8.4 Capacityofselectivefadingchannels 183
8.5 Interleavingforfadingchannels 185
8.6 Furtherreadings 188
Problems 189
Bibliography 190