Introduction to Cryogenic Engineering PDF
Preview Introduction to Cryogenic Engineering
Introduction to Cryogenic Engineering 5. - 9.12.2005 G. Perinić, G. Vandoni, T. Niinikoski, CERN Introduction to Cryogenic Engineering Introduction MONDAY From History to Modern Refrigeration CyclesFro(mG.H Pisetorrinyitćo) Modern Refrigeration Cycles Refrigeration Cycle Examples TUESDAY Standard Components, Cryogenic Design (G. Perinić) WEDNESDAY Heat Transfer and Insulation (G. Vandoni) THURSDAY Safety, Information Resources (G. Perinić) FRIDAY Applications of Cryogenic Engineering (T. Niinikoski) Day 1 What is cryogenics? History Time of I. Newton • F. Bacon (1561 - 1621) I. Newton 1642 - 1727 Novum organum (1620) The third of the seven modes […] relates to […] heat and cold. And herein man's power is clearly lame on one side. For we have the heat of fire which is infinitely more potent and intense than the heat of the sun as it reaches us, or the warmth of animals. But we have no cold save such as is to be got in wintertime, or in caverns, or by application of snow and ice, […] And so too all natural condensations caused by cold should be investigated, in order that, their causes being known, they may be imitated by art. Time of I. Newton • Known refrigeration methods I. Newton 1642 - 1727 – refrigeration by a colder object e.g. ice or snow – refrigeration by evaporation – refrigeration by dissolving saltpeter in water (saltpeter = sodium nitrate NaNO or 3 potassium nitrate KNO ) 3 Time of I. Newton • R. Boyle (1627 - 1691); E. Mariotte (1620 - 1684) I. Newton 1642 - 1727 p V = constant Time of I. Newton • G. Amontons (1663 - 1705) I. Newton 1642 - 1727 +1/3 abs. zero FREEicZeING BObILoiIl.NG TEMP. TEMP. Further development of thermodynamics • J. Black (1728 - 1799) latent heat • A. Lavoisier (1743 - 1794) caloric theory • S. Carnot (1824) work • R. Clausius (1865) entropy • W. Gibbs (1867); R. Mollier (1923) enthalpy
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