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Introduction to Criminal Justice PDF

791 Pages·2009·31.321 MB·English
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Stop here to learn about CJ careers! Careers in Criminal Justice Website Do you know what you are going to do when you graduate? Do you know what career paths are available to you in the fi eld of criminal justice? Here’s the best place to fi nd out! Featuring plenty of self-exploration and profi ling activities, this interactive site helps you investigate and focus on the criminal justice career choices that are right for you: (cid:2) The Interest Assessment quiz helps you to narrow your career focus and decide which criminal justice careers suit your personality and interests. (cid:2) Career Profi les spotlight more than 80 available careers. You’ll see video testimonials from dozens of practicing professionals and information on job descriptions, requirements, training, salary and benefi ts, and the application process. (cid:2) Career Planner features résumé writing tips, sample résumés, a résumé template, interviewing techniques and typical interview questions, and more. (cid:2) Links for Reference offer direct links to federal, state, and local agencies where you can get contact information and learn more about current job opportunities. (cid:2) As you watch The CJ Files videos, you’ll see how other CJ students have discovered that careers in criminal justice aren’t what they appear to be on TV— they’re even better! Your instructor may have packaged your book with a printed access code or you can buy access through iChapters.com. 9999777777__ffrroonntteennddppaappeerr..iinndddd 11 1111//2288//0088 1122::0099::4477 PPMM Authoritative, student-friendly, current with today’s issues, media-integrated Larry Siegel connects with students. P R E V I E W Siegel sparks their interest with provocative examples, current information on careers, dynamic visuals, and a lively, to-the-point style that keeps students reading. He guides them through the intricate workings of the police, courts, and corrections systems, engaging them every step of the way. He accomplishes all this while offering the accurate, authoritative coverage you demand for your course. Objectivity, uncompromising attention to the latest research . . . it’s all here. More student friendly than ever, this book is a media-linked teaching and learning center designed to maximize your students’ study time and minimize the time you spend directing their efforts. The 12th Edition includes: (cid:2) A completely NEW chapter on terrorism and cyber crime, plus new topics and research fi ndings in every chapter. See page 2. (cid:2) Many ways to engage students and promote critical thinking, as well as study tools that prompt active learning and retention. See pages 3 and 4. (cid:2) Cutting-edge resources—distance learning, course management, lecture prep, and more. See pages 5 through 8. 1 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 11 1111//2288//0088 88::0099::4477 PPMM From today’s police departments, courtrooms, and correctional facilities . . . the HOT ISSUES driving criminal justice (cid:2)(cid:2) A NEW chapter focused on terrorism, homeland security, and cyber crime 5 Criminal Justice in the New Chapter 5 gives students current, in-depth R coverage of the emerging challenges created by TE Millennium: Terrorism, Homeland P T terrorism and cyber crime. Siegel discusses the HA Security, and Cyber Crime U factors that motivate terrorists; federal, state, C O and local responses; the debate over the USA H Patriot Act; the various forms of cyber crime and Chapter Outline Cyber Terrorism: Cyber Crime with Political Motives The Extent and Costs of Cyber Crime G cyber terrorism; and more. ♦ TERRORISM Controlling Cyber Crime U Def ining Terrorism Enforcing Cyber Laws O Who Is the Terrorist? What the Future Holds The Contemporary Terrorist R ♦ HOMELAND SECURITY: THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE Chapter Objectives H RESPONSE TO TERRORISM T FF eigdhetrianlg L Taewr rEonrifsomrc ewmitehn Ltaw Enforcement 21.. BBee afabmlei ltioar d weift ihn et hteer hroisrtiosmry aonf dte cryrobreirs mcrime S DSteaptea rLtamwe nEtn ofof rHceommeenlat nEdff Soertcsu troit yC (oDmHbSa)t Terrorism 34.. BUen dfaemrsitlaianrd w tihthe ftahcet ovarsri othuast f moromtisv aotfe terrorists IC 338 Part 2 ♦ The Police and Law Enforcement CTerrimroirniasml J:u UstSic-eV aISnIdT Technology: Using Biometrics to F ight 5. cDoisnctuemssp hoorwar tyh tee rfreodreirsaml government has P ♦ CONFRONTING TERRORISM WITH THE LAW responded to terrorism O Preolyliicneg d oenp asurtrmveeilnlatsn acer ec ainmcreeraassi ntog ldy e- TChiveil URSigAh Ptsa atrniodt t Ahect War against Terrorism 6. cRreecaotgedn iazen ttih-taetr srotart ien aitniadt ilvoecsal governments have T tect evidence of criminal activity. Here Political Solutions to Terrorism 7. Debate the utility and problems associated with W Osscprpeeceeiranalsti isdot inTssph lCoaemyninatges rvC icelrewivmse lefar snoudmr vm ceaiolmnlaientorcaress ACnalyzinig CCriimiinall JJusttiice IsEsues: UsingM Torture tDi t 8 tDhies cUuSssAt Phaetvraiortio Aucstformsofcybercrime located on the streets of Chicago at E the Chicago Emergency Communica- tion Center. Over a thousand cameras N aarcero msso tuhnet ecidt yo fno rs tgreenetelriaghl ts ularvmeipllpaonsctes . (cid:3)(cid:3) NEW technologies and how Critics complain that the cameras are another example of “big brother.” Are they are changing the face of their concerns merited? criminal justice © REUTERS/Joshua Lott/Landov Iattnhenc edth hbTnieosoc ohelokdng,oi tilSeoioigseyn ga ’bensol d mex exhapson,l wyoa r nste hewswe sey plC la erarcisemifi t bichne arnioln eJuguwg s thicoeu t Y 304 Part 2 ♦ The Police athnde rLea war Een pfolrecnemtye onft technological advances that have benefited local law enforce- used effectively by the police, courts, and OG ment officials. Gone are the days of crude wiretaps outside phone booths and corrections arms of criminal justice. Topics HNOL The Fuel-Air Sonvtitochleuoesgr e niacvnae ltn iGaq pduevraratmenedcitne dlsi esattvoei ncdheiensleg.p Nt otoh awenm dth lkeoe opekpoinl itgca ebin sc oaonnn tathvheae i alc ctrthiimveimtiniesasel l ovefel eesvm oefer ynsoet.nv See,ro anmlo ette jdcuhes--t include the new diversionary fuel-air stun C Traditional flash-bang grencardimesi nuasles .a T mheixsteu rdee voifc es are contrraopviedrlys ieajel cbtse acnadu sigen itthese raelu mis innuom w paorwradnert. rTehqaut direef-la- grenade, GPS tagging in hot pursuit cases, AND TE aaaseltnucedum a rd iebni srtutihrmgaeh cptat nr lsiedgumh sptpiso eaetcnsat,ds sas lsinouodum ods fop feAmS eixfcUrnopeecRgrnlrhoVtestlh .slEo ce.iEIroa sLUa,xnn LtanD emAsuf uaoNsdplberulCladtdesEus sut,tn CoeitWano Attcs ahMetlcsuuleryhEdemn,iR -e n,A gsSuto rnMve, aialnlnaydn gioil nncaNrftgea rte t gehtncihnewesae ge dm c loYcyiiv lpetoboeierrerruarsiksdgaiso,,ht oinaihtonf nala nicbrdgv ylsuhe u adGrt dnf eieaPinivrnnni sScgfdgtoe - aa ratiB llrtntulsahea me“celdletfk ip nixdimspeuneorlmgoosceo ssru dpi nevnreo e,iod v”twCtey i ndpce hocexeloirpaiscs ylpm.eaoinr.gd oegToev rh,t,ia dh emLs eeb s aoiio ntkased- nmy gteurnroshriosmt l,o nceawte rtse,c uhsneo olof gbieios museetdri cisn ttoh efi ght NAL JUSTICE sfsdctleoooeacmmmvmheeenplmo oaftpaolnlaobe iscedglhelsi ae o- mtbisvmo.aea n rdtt egeh2rsve0i eayh ly loaase pvraaee rnn subde anew cegseanaopWwvruf ,i,uke ed sawmbn.rees elhoTho ioi ciiwnhurcna jleesnhngouey dt scrd htoowiao efnatapie si,nssio ,hrg D d enliilnense s.eadiCtv,atv il eewdcs.is,sd aooi hnthnet imieagegncasad hce rti e ibncvasoyetn f at clbolreoeidC1m lms .m, re osisotonTpaimncri niooceotjitudsho almhtwri rafchyaloetm h epaa rdT?aon niao ttfhd bnc6tf eecyiyia0counx dl oestrncko.efriaefn ns imtii nhctnct eee hgod9t rrh9sueosa7eel7 vs cdf7fae r_uaa rro0gmicee5tmaor_ly-ceo. a oh brTs0afias5ahr t_ sd cithpss’hik1 etsvl6eu et6ctisa -nehoc1snw9 nierg6tcnos.yrieensu.Redq . Itgdn uheSnhaeec1ii nd nt6er li6icceenakeeselctsl ll o yihy2sh rhet0odhopl0opeueo6d dlytd ,o h afe crsaoodprraheric sattiniocdan tshe efid ae nrldteb w(es austuc mrhv eoaisnl liagtrnoocruienn gsdy)s-, ptaeenmnd1es1 /t1.8r/08a1t1:i4n5:47gAM CRIMI cfloamshSp-abannadyni,ga r edNceaevtniictoelny k alnilc oLewanbnseo adrsa a ta os freuiceeosl,-n aadi r-N gseetnuwen rM agtreiexonicnao d e. 2. Twhhiantk winagy as baoreu tt hleesys -al ehtehlapl awneda pao hnisn dinr agnecnee?ral, in It has been likened to a miniature exploding grain Source: Sandia National Laboratories, “Sandia Licenses Its silo that poses minimal risk of injury to officers or Improved Flash-Bang Technology,” www.sandia.gov/news/resources/ suspects. According to the company: releases/2008/flashbang.html (accessed May 12, 2008). In this new diversionary device the flash-bang produces a dust explosion on a very small scale—a gas generator (cid:2)(cid:2) NEW coverage of the media’s E 422 Part 3 ♦ Courts and Adjudication C impact on criminal justice TI This edition’s Images of Justice features F JUS Dog the Bounty Hunter include new examples of how the criminal O Bounty hunters work for bail bonds companies. his wife and some of his 12 children. Chapman was 99777_js0u9h_csho09t_wip3c14se-3—5 0s.inyaddsn3t38dem ho isw p tohret rmayeeddia i nin fifl lumesn caensd c TriVm e IMAGES BpIgnuoo norut-lnrdtaot yyWt eihndeugs no,t etnqer unrtsiesc,l, ke ob-vdrio srbuiaoanwnitl yi 1ane 1hnn/g1u8f dl/o0no 8irtnnce1e ert1rmsh:4s 8e we:w 5nme6htrA ooeMa v dgwieeeosnp utifcsold,tr e h sydate ovaaepsr s ba. et en ouMpnc iosent ca rtihkmee issnh aaollwny dcfor oSnmvliic pttiuemdpe h stiom tsiemlfe, .an issue that comes and justice. For example, in this book’s nothing to “get their man.” Many science fiction char- In 2006, Dog, his son Leland, and an associate were acters, such as Boba Fett in Star Wars, have assumed arrested by U.S. marshals at the request of the Mexi- coverage of bails, a new Images of Justice the bounty hunter role. Even the comedy genre has can government on charges of bounty hunting, which seen its share of bounty hunter flicks. In Pink Cadillac, is illegal in Mexico. Charges were filed, and Mexican feature discusses the controversial A&E Clint Eastwood played a bounty hunter who helped officials sought the arrestees’ extradition for trial, but out the wife (Bernadette Peters) of a bail-jumper after charges were eventually dropped. program, Dog the Bounty Hunter, and the her child was kidnapped by neo-Nazi types. Dog was also caught on audiotape making a ra- Many television programs have also featured cial slur. His son Tucker sold a copy of the tape to the many misconceptions and myths it tends bounty hunters over the years. Colt Seavers, a fic- National Enquirer, which brought the issue to nearly to perpetuate. tional character played by Lee Majors, was a stunt- the same level of attention as radio talk show host man and bounty hunter in the Fall Guy. Most recently, Don Imus’s infamous “nappy-headed hos” reference bounty hunters have found their way into reality tele- to the Rutgers women’s basketball team. Though vision programs. Duane “Dog” Chapman is one of Chapman apologized, A&E announced that it was h l h h l b h h f h df l 2 99777_08_ch08_p268-313.indd304 11/18/0811:48:16AM 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 22 1111//2288//0088 55::1177::2288 PPMM 99777_12_ch12_p416-449.indd422 11/18/0811:50:20AM INNOVATIVE ways to engage students and prompt critical thinking about core topics O (cid:3)(cid:3) Many NEW real-life cases draw students into chapter material n May 15, 2008, a federal grand jury in Los Getting your students interested Angeles indicted Lori Drew, from Missouri, for and involved in each chapter’s O her alleged role in a MySpace hoax on a teen neighbor C who later committed suicide. Drew, along with others, key topics is much easier with R n May 15, 2008, a fedecrrael agrtaendd jau rfya ikn eL oos nline boy named Josh E vans who estab- these compelling vignettes. Most I T Angeles indicted Lori Drleiwsh, efrdom a M cyisbsoeurr ir, ofomr ance with 13-year-old Megan Meier are brand new to this edition I hwehro a llaletegre dc ormolme iitnt ead M suyiS(cipsdahec.oe D whroneaw xh, oeanrlo ean gtie swe nMit hn eeoigtghahebnros’r,s mother Tina, s howing pictures and feature current court cases CA created a fake online boyo fn aMmeedg Jaonsh) .E vAanfst ewrh ob eesitnagb -spurned by Josh, Megan took and other newsworthy examples L lished a cyber romance whitehr 1o3w-ynea rli-foeld. MShegea nh aMde ierre ceived several messages from that apply chapter topics. For (shown here is Megan’s mother Tina, s howing pictures T “Josh” suggesting she kill herself and that the “world example, Chapter 5’s vignette, of Megan). After being spurned by Josh, M egan took H her own life. She had recweioveudl dse vbeera bl metetsesarg eosf ffr owmi thout her.” Drew was charged a gripping illustration of cyber I “Josh” suggesting she kilwl hietrhs eolfn aen dc othuant tth oe f“ wcoornlds piracy and three counts of access- crime, describes how a mother’s N would be better off without her.” Drew was charged K ing protected computers without authorization to obtain MySpace hoax on a teenage with one count of conspiracy and three counts of access- I ing protected computers iwniftohorumt aauttihoonr iztaot iionnf t loi cotb teamin otional distress. The conspiracy neighbor caused the girl to N information to inf lict emcootiuonnatl cdaisrtrreisess. Tah em coanxsipmiraucmy penalty of f ive years, and commit suicide. G count carries a maximume apcenha lctoy uofn ft i voe fy eaacrcs,e asnsdin g protected computers carries a each count of accessing protected computers carries a maximum possible penalmty aofx if miveu ymea rps oins spirbisloen .p Ien nalty of f ive years in prison. In © AP Images/Tom Gannam acolln, vDicrteewd. 1c o u♦ld face© AP Images/Tom Gannam up tacool 2ln,0 vD iycertaeerwsd i. n1c foe ude♦ldra lf aprcieso nu pif to 20 years in federal prison if (cid:4)(cid:4) Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues These boxed essays help students to learn and think critically about criminal justice issues and practices. NEW topics in this edition include “Suicide by Cop” and “Swat Teams and Paramilitary Units.” (cid:4)(cid:4) Race, Gender, and Ethnicity in Criminal Justice Updated with the latest research, these b9o977x7_e05_sch 0h5_pi1g66-h196l.inidgdh167t the problems of women and ES 298 Part 2 ♦ Th1e1/ 1P8o/0l8ice1 1a:4n6d:3 0LAaMw Enforcement U minorities as they interact with the criminal SS Suicide by Cop E I justice system. C TI As strange as it sounds, some individuals shot by found that more than 10 percent could be clas- S the police actually want to be shot. The problem sified as suicide by cop! Researchers have since AL JU owfh “os uisi cinidtee nbty o cno pen” doicncgu hrsis w ohre hne ar nli fien dwiivlild eunagla ge pisl aac “eddi rseuccth c koinllfirnognst ianttioo nt,h”r eweh cearete tghoer iseusi.c Tidhael fpirasrtt y 99777_05_ch05_p166-196.indd 167 N in behavior that makes it likely that police will use 11/1in8/i0t8iat1e1s:4 a6: 3c0oAnMfrontation with police for the pur- MI deadly force. pose of dying. The second is a “disturbed interven- CRIMINAL JUSTICE Tt eo5Dhx0hfi a8serona tree cwen eac-hrbseiePt a aoem srsfetR , oad 3ar re da ca i♦mocs pnciai nadCle roibotitriuioyi atr niMstiess is tand hni inaassde tt p Aunstrdrtuibejsgtunoigdncneeigci sn apbtrtgseie.o r? tc nTocaha usepso eipmt aroeo f btthhleeem mI dinti seipspm rpribosooepsrnossi r biatsli ceont,nou tatah tlaeely fc nugouenumtcn tlbetioesersnrANALYZING CRIae ororg ffs u mermnaictnJsbampaAeerietnonraa.fnepi,etrdclto cte ai aakbt egnArhkary es io.Fan auG it g eesltOt s pohrca esue wob ,ornaxrdlo iocuaytinned ffhz fpgm etjarynwahuya on mpati diPihgtms nstltghoie hek htimea man weitheis stgsla b eabi e. s hr rtfoeaf r httwerawi e sase tnirw ul ghf icdetnieaecah gn aLiasbed tnienaigoeer dldho dw lb ne tf dtlrr y oihJCeeen otaseaaoeghpnikd, rmn aodu afa ln ppinlTgtned,a . a yhao neGGv nibnayesaac nti erthf irdcouuamcez lanzvrh ypyes renianyrilsrtos ,as ut kwykhl-i.ei ie ,ef e, toawaC1i.tpfoh rt ptneiehtrmWr,ie”eech p hipaaenta ol.n ct wl TdrTicichhemahedienc ii .p nnhtphra koeailrsil insdsecuun egisi cscop eiafed ft ci“aoctcle wfrsruisumor bdtuihjonlede actr lotr hai tnaitasvthk eoeoerirrsdv ed hapniedeotrv it toasehunnnai,ttcn”iaai gdbl eee N impact the justice system has on the minority com- but reflects actual racial and ethdnisicc odvifefreerden wcehsa itn w as in the package, she called suicide by cop situations? If they are forced into TY I mbyu tnhiety t.i mAse stohceiyo lroegaicsht Bthreuicre m Wide-s3t0ersn, 6p0o ipnetrsc oenutt , tmhoe rcer iomftee nra stiem: Mplyin boercitayu gsreo tuhpe ymt G cheaoemrm cpbzmoeylrniitscs emkg,oi o ww troehit ochpr rwitimhseoeern e.h tehlpe no fa bhlies ctoel lturalacrk pdhoownne com- 2. Toone w, whahta et xotpetnito ncas na rpeo alvicaeil aobflfeic?ers infer, in CI of black high school dropouts are either prisoners Why does the critical issue opfa rnayc.i aWl dhiesnp aorfiftyic ers confronted him, he pointed a a potential suicide by cop situation, that a NI or ex-cons. This, Western warns, has resulted in “a remain so murky? One reason isg uthna at tit t mheamy ,in svoo ltvhee officers fired. Garczynski died p erson is intent on dying? Are other options ETH cwohlolelclyt idveif feexrpeenrti efnrocme f othr ey oreusnt go bf lAamcke rmiceann t shoacti eist y.” Is mprualcttipiclees f:actors that lie outsidei nju dai Cchiaaasille ssoe flni kt2ee6n G cbiaunrlgcl ezytns.ski’s can be difficult for police Eacahva oilafb lte?he Analyzing Criminal Justice Issues D Western’s analysis correct? Does race still matter in ♦ African Americans are moreo lfifkiecleyr st.o A bse R deebteacincead S tincelli, author of the book and the Race, Gender, and Ethnicity features AN the sAe nntuemncbinerg opfr orecseesasr?ch studies do find that race before trial than whites. Suicide by Cop: Victims from Both Sides of the Badge, has cSoounrcecs: lSutepdhaenie wSlatiert, h“Su iacid aCl Mrani tKiilcleda bly TPolhicei Fnuskilliandeg,” section NDER, bsietidua dss yes,nt iStlleh enaxcwiisnntgs B iounus tthhcweo amjuye dasin cidina lAM pnarnoreyc leMasnsod.r Iranisn oodnn f eoP ruieenhcdel nsttthu adt-, ♦♦ PfMrrooinmsoe rtcihuteite osler hsg aaalvr ees y llseetssessm mli ktoehnlayen yt o tfh oderiy vb eaarrtiel m awnihndio tperisrti.iveast e tthhae tt oapskics, p hreolbpiinngg qstuuedsetinotns sc rlaerlaiftye tdh teoir GE on average, African Americans have 20 percent longer attorneys. CE, saegnet, egnecneds etrh, aann dw hreitceosm, emveenn dwehde nse hnoteldnicneg l ecnogntsht.a Snot ♦ Mliviinnog riinti epso loivre a irne apso goert c hoamrsmheurn siteineste, nacneds ,p reeogpalred - views. RA thhaeu nnatsg gthineg j uissstuicee opfr oracceisasl. disparity in sentencing still ♦ Alefsrsic oafn t Ahemire rriaccaen.s receive longer sentences for Although this evidence of race bias exists, re- drug crimes than whites because (a) they are more search on sentencing has failed to show a definitive likely to be arrested for crack possession and sales, pattern of racial discrimination. Although some re- and (b) crack dealing is more severely punished by search does indicate that a defendant’s race has a state and federal laws than other drug crimes. direct impact on sentencing outcomes, other efforts show that the influence of race on sentencing is less Other factors may also obscure the associa- clear-cutthananticipated,and,asJohnWooldredge tions.Forexample,ampleresearchindicatesthatit 3 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 33 1111//2288//0088 55::1177::4466 PPMM 99777_08_ch08_p268-313.indd298 11/18/0811:47:59AM 99777_14_ch14_p486-528.indd508 11/18/0811:50:52AM STUDY TOOLS prompt active learning and retention (cid:4)(cid:4) Chapter Objectives prompt critical reading Siegel actively involves students in their study of R 1 Crime and Criminal Justice every chapter—beginning with Chapter Objectives E that focus students on the key concepts they T AP will be learning. Students are asked “discuss,” H “explain,” and “describe”—drawing them into C Y the chapter to actively search for answers. G Chapter Outline ♦ ETHICS IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE O Ethics and Law Enforcement ♦ IS CRIME A RECENT DEVELOPMENT? Ethics and the Court Process G Crime in the Old West Criminal Justice and Technology: Monitoring Sex Offenders A Crime in the Cities Ethics and Corrections Chapter Objectives Creating Criminal Justice D The Modern Era of Justice E ♦ THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM TODAY Chapter Objectives 1. Be able to define the concept of criminal justice P Scope of the System 1. Be able to define the concept of criminal justice 2. Be aware of the long history of crime in America Careers in Criminal Justice: Police Officer 2. Be aware of the long history of crime in America 3. Discuss the formation of the criminal justice D ♦ THE FORMAL CRIMINAL JUSTICE PROCESS 3. Discuss the formation of the criminal justice system E FTohrem Carli mPrinoacel dJuusrteicse Assembly Line 4. sNyasmteme the three basic component agencies of 4. Name the three basic component agencies of NC ♦Th TeH CEo IuNrFtOroRoMmA WL CoRrkIM GIrNoAuLp JUSTICE SYSTEM 5. ccCrooinmmtiepnmraelp hjouernsatdric yte hjues stiiczee asynsdt esmcope of the 5. cCroimmipnrael hjuenstdic tehe size and scope of the HA T♦Thh PeeE “CRWrSiPmeEdeCd CTinIoVgnE tCSrao Okl eNP” eJ rMUsSpoTedIcCetliE voef Justice 67.. aTKsrnasoecwme tbwhlhye alfiton iresm” male carnimt biny atlh jeu stetircme p“rcoricmesinsal justice 6. Tcoranctee mthpeo froarrmy ajul sctriicme isnyaslt ejumstice process N The Rehabilitation Perspective 8. Discuss the “wedding cake” model of justice 7. Know what is meant by the term “criminal justice The Due Process Perspective 9. Be familiar with the various perspectives on justice E The Nonintervention Perspective 10. Understand the issues concerning ethics in assembly line” The Justice Perspective criminal justice 8. Discuss the “wedding cake” model of justice The Restorative Justice Perspective Perspectives in Perspective 9. Be familiar with the various perspectives on justice 10. Understand the issues concerning ethics in criminal justice (cid:2)(cid:2) Detailed chapter-ending Summary sections provide answers for each Chapter 1 ♦ Crime and Criminal Justice 37 numbered Chapter Objective SUMMARY After restating each Chapter Objective, the Summary 1. Be able to define the concept of criminal 6. Trace the formal criminal justice process justice ♦ The process consists of the actual steps the provides succinct bullet-point answers—giving ♦ Criminal justice refers to the agencies that dis- offender takes from the initial investigation pense justice and the process by which justice through trial, sentencing, and appeal. students another opportunity to reinforce crucial is carried out. ♦ The justice process contains 15 stages, each of concepts. 2. Be aware of the long history of crime in which is a decision point through which cases flow. America ♦ Each of these decisions can have a critical ♦ America has experienced crime throughout effect on the defendant, the justice system, Linked to key instructor ™ ♦ mIno tsht eo fO iltds hWisetsotr,y j.ustice was administered by ♦ aIfn adn s oecrrieotry .is made, an innocent person may an9977d7_01 _csh0t1_pu001-d039.einddn2t resources legendary law1m1/1e8/n08 li1k1:e44 W:01yAaMtt Earp. s ruelfefears eodr tao d caonngteinrouues t oin pdriveiyd ounal smocaiye tby.e The Chapter Objectives are coded to 3. Discuss the formation of the criminal justice ♦ The system acts as a “funnel”: Most people system who commit crime escape detection, and of questions in the Instructor’s Resource Manual, ♦ Therewaslittleinthewayofaformalcriminal thosewhodonotrelativelyfewarebound Test Bank, Study Guide, and CengageNOW™ for optimum use in your teaching. CONCEPT SUMMARY 6.1 Differences between Federal, State, County, and Metropolitan Law Enforcement Agency Jurisdiction Crimes Most Often Targeted (cid:2)(cid:2) Concept Summaries—many are NEW Federal agencies Entire United States Violations of federal law These succinct tables summarize important issues (FBI, Secret Service) State patrol State Traffic violations on highways so students can better compare and contrast ideas, State police State Violations of state law views, and cases. County sheriff County, mostly unincorporated Violations of state law and 99777_01_ch01_p001-039.indd 2 areas thereof county ordinances 11/18/08 11:44:01AM Metropolitan police City limits Violations of state laws and city ordinances 99777_06_ch06_p197-23(cid:3)1.ind(cid:3)d21 5Ethical Challenges in Criminal Justice 11/18/0811:47:22AM ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN CRIMINAL JUSTICE: A WRITING ASSIGNMENT writing assignments Y ou are a defense attorney. Your client was recently convicted of killing Located at the end of every chapter, these exercises develop students’ two police officers and sentenced to prison for 25 years. When both of ethical reasoning and writing skills by challenging them to address you are conferring about a possible appeal, your client unapologetically admits that he also a murdered a third man, a McDonald’s security guard. You hypothetical situations and write essays explaining how they would come to find out, however, that an innocent man was convicted of the security approach such dilemmas in the justice system. Doing Research on the guard’s murder and was also sentenced to 25 years in prison. You feel bound continued Web sections provide recommended websites and searches to assist students in their consideration of the ethical dilemma. 4 99777_01_ch01_p001-039.indd37 11/18/0811:44:56AM 99777_11_ch11_p384-415.indd 411 11/18/08 11:49:34AM 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 44 1111//2288//0088 55::1188::0022 PPMM From DISTANCE LEARNING to help with course management . . . these tools do it all! CengageNOW™ for Siegel’s Introduction ™ to Criminal Justice, 12th Edition CengageNOW is the ultimate online teaching and learning O resource that gives you more control in less time and delivers N better outcomes—NOW. L I N FOR INSTRUCTORS: One intuitive program, CengageNOW E is organized around the essential activities you perform for class—lecturing, creating assignments, grading, quizzing, E S and tracking student progress and performance. Assigning S work in CengageNOW takes just seconds and student results E fl ow automatically into your online grade book if you wish. N CengageNOW is compatible with major course management T I platforms, including WebCT® and Blackboard®. Contact A your local Cengage Learning representative to order access to L S CengageNOW packaged with each student text. FOR STUDENTS: Diagnostic tests and Personalized Study help them master concepts and prepare for exams. Focusing students on specifi c topics they are having trouble with, Personalized Study guides them to learning modules, ABC® News videos with critical thinking questions, careers videos, and other resources. AUNCOTTIEO:N UENDD, EORR N OOT HCIERRCWUIMSES RTAEDNICSETSR MIBAUYT ETDH IESX MCEAPTTE RAISA ML OAYR BAEN PYE PROMRITTTIOEDN BTYH TEHREEO LFIC BEEN SSOE LTDE,R LMICSE HNESREEDI,N . Distance Learning Instructor’s Resource Manual ISBN-10: 0-495-59500-4 Sarah Nordin ISBN-13: 978-0-495-59500-7 By Sarah Nordin, Solano Community College Your best guide for setting up a distance learning course in criminal justice, this manual features coverage Distance Learning Instructor’s Resource Manual of the pedagogy of distance education, for Criminal Justice tips and strategies for managing an online course, purposes/objectives, grading policy, how to post assignments, and so much more. Instructor’s Companion Website www.cengage.com/criminaljustice/siegel Log on to this password-protected website for electronic versions of the Instructor’s Resource Manual, Microsoft® PowerPoint® slides, and more. WebTutor™ on WebCT® and Blackboard® Easy and effi cient to use, WebTutor™ combines course management with content from this text’s information-rich Companion Website. WebTutor includes learning objectives, Want to customize this textbook glossary fl ashcards, practice quizzes, and Web links. You can for your distance learning course? use WebTutor as is—or customize the program with your own It’s easy to do! Simply ask us to include How material. WebTutor is available packaged with every Siegel to Succeed in an Online Course with every copy of textbook through Single Sign-On or Printed Access Card Siegel’s Introduction to Criminal Justice. The How to options. Please contact your Cengage Learning representative Succeed booklet provides 50 concise pages of tips to order. and information for online students. Contact your local Cengage Learning representative for details. 5 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 55 1111//2288//0088 77::2200::1111 PPMM PowerLecture CD-ROM . . . an all-in-one tool for creating great lectures and more ISBN-10: 0-495-60288-4 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-60288-0 This one-stop lecture and class preparation tool contains ready- to-use Microsoft® PowerPoint® lecture images for every chapter, as well as other essential resources—enabling you to assemble, edit, and present custom lectures for your S L course. With PowerLecture, you can bring A together text-specifi c outline materials I and images from this textbook, along with T N videos or your own materials—culminating E in a powerful, personalized, media- S enhanced presentation. PowerLecture also S includes video clips, electronic versions of E the Instructor’s Resource Manual with Test Bank, G as well JoinIn and ExamView (see below). N I H C A E T Included in PowerLecture! Included in PowerLecture! JoinIn™ Student Response System (cid:2) Features book-specifi c content created especially for use with personal response systems and ExamView® Testing Software your choice of several leading Creates tests in minutes! ExamView includes keypad systems. all questions from Siegel’s extensive Test (cid:2) With just a click on a hand- Bank in electronic format and guides held device, students respond to you step-by-step through the process of multiple-choice questions, short polls, creating tests. You can even see the test interactive exercises, and peer review you are creating on the screen exactly as it questions. You can take attendance, will print or display online. Each question collect student demographics to better in the Test Bank has been carefully assess student needs, and administer reviewed by experienced criminal justice quizzes without collecting paper or grading. instructors for quality, accuracy, and content coverage. Also available: Cengage Learning Criminal Justice Video Library This extensive collection of videos enhances your lectures and brings the concepts of criminal justice alive for your students. Please refer to the gatefold insert at the front of this Instructor’s Edition to learn about the vast range of videos available to adopting instructors. Titles include our new series, “The CJ Files” and our Career Profi le Videos, as well as selections from ABC® News Videos for Criminal Justice and Wadsworth Customized Films for the Humanities Videos. For information on our video policy, contact your Cengage Learning sales representative. 6 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 66 1111//2288//0088 55::1188::3344 PPMM COURSE PREPARATION resources that save you time—addressing every teaching need Instructor’s Resource Manual with Test Bank ISBN-10: 0-495-59997-2 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-59997-5 Completely updated . . . Comprehensive! Written by Lisa Zilney, Montclair State University, this valuable resource enables you to prepare for class more quickly and effectively with such resources as detailed chapter outlines, chapter learning objectives, key terms, and T lecture suggestions. The peer-reviewed Test Bank includes questions in multiple-choice, E true/false, fi ll-in-the-blank, and essay formats, each coded to the Chapter Objectives in A the textbook. With its complete answer key, which contains relevant page numbers, C this resource saves you a great deal of time in creating tests. Each question in the Test H Bank has been carefully reviewed by experienced criminal justice instructors for quality, IN accuracy, and content coverage. Our Instructor Approved seal, which appears on the G cover, is our assurance that you are working with an assessment and grading resource of E the highest quality. Also available on PowerLecture in electronic format. S S Instructor Approved E N T I A L eBank Lesson Plans Criminal Justice Faculty S ISBN-10: 0-495-60000-8 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-60000-8 Development: Teaching Written by Lisa Zilney, Montclair State University, the instructor- Professors to Teach created Lesson Plans bring accessible, masterful suggestions ISBN-10: 0-534-57264-2 to every lesson. The plans include a sample syllabus, learning ISBN-13: 978-0-534-57264-8 objectives, lecture notes, discussion topics, in-class activities, By Laura B. Myers, and tips for classroom presentation of chapter material, a Western Carolina University detailed lecture outline, and assignments for this new edition. This helpful 50-page guide includes suggested teaching tips and lecture Classroom Activities for outlines for the introduction to Criminal Justice criminal justice course. The author ISBN-10: 0-495-10382-9 proposes a teaching model, which ISBN-13: 978-0-495-10382-0 can be used to develop a teaching A powerful resource for stimulating course in criminal justice graduate class participation, this valuable curricula, to assist graduate students who do not have the booklet offers instructors the benefi t of such courses, and to help veteran faculty members best-of-the-best classroom activities, improve their teaching skills. Written from the point of view that including tried-and-true favorites teaching is an interactive and infl uential process, this model and exciting new projects for your covers specifi c issues crucial to the development and teaching criminal justice course. of criminal justice courses. Study Guide . . . an exceptional resource for students ISBN-10: 0-495-59998-0 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-59998-2 By Debra Heath-Thorton, Messiah College, with the contribution of Valerie Bell, University of Cincinnati. Correlated chapter by chapter with this 12th Edition of Siegel’s Introduction to Criminal Justice, the guide features learning objectives, key concepts, and self-tests. 7 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 77 1111//2288//0088 55::1188::4455 PPMM Easy SOLUTIONS to common classroom issues CAREERS Careers in Criminal Justice Careers in Criminal Justice and Website Related Fields: From Internship to Available bundled with this text at no Promotion, Sixth Edition additional charge. Featuring plenty of ISBN-10: 0-495-60032-6 self-exploration and profi ling activities, ISBN-13: 978-0-495-60032-9 S the interactive Careers in Criminal Seasoned professionals J. Scott Harr and Kären N Justice Website helps students M. Hess guide students in developing job-search O investigate and focus on the criminal justice career choices strategies—offering key information on internship requirements, I T that are right for them. Includes interest assessment, video professional conduct, resumes, interviews, and locating jobs. U testimonials from career professionals, resume and interview The new edition features expanded coverage of disqualifi ers L tips, and links for reference. for positions, new emergency-management jobs, internship O S opportunities, and cover letter preparation. WRITING SKILLS Writing and Communicating Six Steps to Effective Writing for Criminal Justice in Criminal Justice ISBN-10: 0-495-00041-8 ISBN-10: 0-534-17291-1 ISBN-13: 978-0-495-00041-9 ISBN-13: 978-0-534-17291-6 Includes articles on writing skills, along with By Judy Schmidt and Mike Hooper. Aids students in basic grammar review and a survey of verbal developing strong writing skills and prepares them communication on the job to give students an for both academic and professional pursuits. introduction to academic, professional, and Includes sample writing topics, examples, formats, research writing in criminal justice. and papers that refl ect the criminal justice discipline. ONLINE LEARNING Internet Activities for Criminal Justice InfoTrac® College Edition ISBN-10: 0-495-10442-6 with Current Perspectives: ISBN-13: 978-0-495-10442-1 Readings from InfoTrac College Edition In addition to providing a wide range of activities This extensive, easily searchable database features full-length for any criminal justice class, this booklet articles from thousands of academic journals and periodicals. familiarizes students with Internet resources useful The following print readers—available at no additional cost when packaged with to both students and professionals in criminal this book—also include complimentary access to InfoTrac College Edition: justice. Topics include criminal and police law, policing organizations, policing challenges, (cid:2) Victimology: corrections systems, juvenile justice, criminal trials, ISBN-10: 0-495-59717-1 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-59717-9 and current issues in criminal justice. (cid:2) Ethics in Criminal Justice: ISBN-10: 0-495-59777-5 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-59777-3 NEW! iChapters.com (cid:2) Forensics and Criminal Investigation: ISBN-10: 0-495-59778-3 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-59778-0 (cid:2) Cyber Crime: Save your students time and money ISBN-10: 0-495-00722-6 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-00722-7 At www.iChapters.com, students can select from more than 10,000 print and digital study tools, (cid:2) Crisis Management and National Emergency Response: including the option to buy individual e-chapters ISBN-10: 0-495-12996-8 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-12996-7 and e-books. Tell your students about iChapters (cid:2) Terrorism and Homeland Security: today for choice, savings, and the tools that will ISBN-10: 0-495-12994-1 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-12994-3 help them excel in your class! (cid:2) Racial Profi ling: ISBN-10: 0-495-10383-7 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-10383-7 (cid:2) New Technologies and Criminal Justice: ISBN-10: 0-495-10384-5 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-10384-4 (cid:2) White-Collar Crime: ISBN-10: 0-495-10385-3 (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-10385-1 (cid:2) Juvenile Justice: ISBN-10: 0-495-12995-X (cid:129) ISBN-13: 978-0-495-12995-0 8 9999777777__vviissuuaall__pprreeffaaccee..iinndddd 88 1111//2288//0088 55::1188::5511 PPMM

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