Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Problem-Based Approach PDF
Preview Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases: A Problem-Based Approach
Joseph Domachowske Editor Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases A Problem-Based Approach 123 Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases Joseph Domachowske Editor Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases A Problem-Based Approach Editor Joseph Domachowske SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, New York USA ISBN 978-3-319-91079-6 ISBN 978-3-319-91080-2 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91080-2 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018959251 © Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2019 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, com- puter software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. 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This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland I dedicate this book to the three people in my life who have taught me the most along the way: Mary Beth James Elizabeth Please keep up the good work. I love you dearly. Preface » “Education is not filling a bucket, but lighting requiring a multidisciplinary team management a fire” Plutarch circa 85AD approach. The reader will appreciate that, while many of the chapters included in this book are The most authoritative infectious disease medical written by infectious disease specialists in internal textbooks, some in their 8th or 9th edition, can be medicine, pediatrics or both, others are authored found on the bookshelves of nearly every infec- by pediatricians, specialists in adolescent medi- tious disease physician currently in practice. They cine, surgical subspecialists, gastroenterologists, are written, updated and edited by world experts cardiologists, emergency medicine specialists, in the field and include thousands of pages of hospitalists, pharmacists and clinical microbiolo- details on everything from amebic meningoen- gists. I know each of the corresponding authors cephalitis to zoonotic infections. The breadth and personally. Many of them taught me during medi- depth of the information they provide is invalu- cal school, residency and fellowship. Others were able to those who are practicing in the subspe- students, residents or fellows who once worked cialty, but their comprehensive format make them with me on our clinical infectious disease team, impractical for use during month-long clinical and are now enjoying their successful careers in electives in infectious disease, or during rotations academic medicine. All of them are gifted teach- in outpatient primary care or hospital medicine. ers with an innate talent to spark fires of curios- Introduction to Clinical Infectious Diseases: A ity in their trainees. I thank every one of them Problem-Based Approach was developed to intro- for their efforts and dedication in developing this duce student doctors, resident physicians, subspe- book. “Introduction to Clinical Infectious Dis- cialty fellows and other health provider trainees eases: A Problem-Based Approach” is not meant to the field of infectious diseases, by emphasizing to be comprehensive; it’s meant to engage the basic concepts and building upon them. Infectious learner, instruct on basic concepts, and provide a diseases impact all areas of clinical medicine, with framework on the approach to common and clas- the more severe or unusual problems typically sic infectious disease problems. Joseph Domachowske, MD Syracuse, NY, USA VII Contents I Infections of the Skin and Lymph Nodes 1 B acterial Infections of the Skin and Skin Structures ................................................................................ 3 Jennifer A. Nead 2 F ebrile Exanthems of Childhood ........................................................................................................................... 17 Steven D. Blatt and Daniel B. Blatt 3 A cute and Chronic Lymphadenitis. ....................................................................................................................... 25 Asalim Thabet, Rhonda Philopena, and Joseph Domachowske II Infections of the Respiratory Tract 4 O titis, Sinusitis, and Mastoiditis ............................................................................................................................ 37 Winter S. Berry 5 P haryngitis and Pharyngeal Space Infections .............................................................................................. 53 Susannah Orzell and Amar Suryadevara 6 P ertussis and Pertussis Syndrome ........................................................................................................................ 67 Tina Q. Tan 7 L aryngitis, Tracheitis, Epiglottitis, and Bronchiolitis ............................................................................... 75 Debra Tristram 8 A typical Pneumonia ....................................................................................................................................................... 87 Elizabeth K. Nelsen 9 F ungal Pneumonia .......................................................................................................................................................... 95 Thomas S. Murray, Jennifer Ellis Girotto, and Nicholas J. Bennett III Infections of the Heart 10 I nfective Endocarditis ................................................................................................................................................... 109 Laura E. Norton and Mary Anne Jackson 11 I nfectious Myocarditis .................................................................................................................................................. 117 Matthew Egan 12 A cute Rheumatic Fever ................................................................................................................................................. 125 Ambika Eranki IV Infections of the Liver and Intestinal Tract 13 I nfectious Hepatitis ........................................................................................................................................................ 135 Prateek D. Wali and Manika Suryadevara V III Contents 14 L iver Abscess ....................................................................................................................................................................... 147 Aakriti Pandita, Waleed Javaid, and Tasaduq Fazili 15 I nfectious Gastroenteritis .......................................................................................................................................... 157 Penelope H. Dennehy V Infections of the Urogenital Tract 16 U rinary Tract Infections ............................................................................................................................................... 171 Matthew A. Mittiga 17 H uman Papillomavirus Infection ........................................................................................................................... 181 Manika Suryadevara 18 P rostatitis, Epididymitis, and Orchitis ............................................................................................................... 191 Karen L. Teelin, Tara M. Babu, and Marguerite A. Urban 19 V aginitis, Mucopurulent Cervicitis, and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ......................................... 199 Allison H. Eliscu, Zachary Jacobs, and Gale R. Burstein 20 C ongenital and Perinatal Infections .................................................................................................................... 213 Mayssa Abuali and Joseph Domachowske VI Infections of the Central Nervous System 21 M yelitis and Acute Flaccid Paralysis .................................................................................................................... 227 Jana Shaw 22 A septic Meningitis ........................................................................................................................................................... 235 Brian D. W. Chow 23 B acterial Meningitis ....................................................................................................................................................... 245 Felicia Scaggs Huang, Rebecca C. Brady, and Joel Mortensen 24 P arameningeal Infections .......................................................................................................................................... 259 Stephen Barone 25 M eningoencephalitis ..................................................................................................................................................... 267 Manika Suryadevara VII Toxin-Mediated Diseases, Bloodstream Infections and Their Complications 26 T etanus, Diphtheria, and Botulism ....................................................................................................................... 285 Roberto Parulan Santos and Mary George 27 T oxic Shock Syndrome .................................................................................................................................................. 301 Tsoline Kojaoghlanian 28 B acteremia and Bacterial Sepsis ............................................................................................................................ 309 Richard Cantor and Kuldip Sunny Kainth 29 C atheter-Related Bloodstream Infections (CRBSIs) .................................................................................. 315 Kengo Inagaki and Rana E. El Feghaly IX Contents 30 O steomyelitis and Septic Arthritis........................................................................................................................ 327 Angela L. Myers 31 C andidiasis ........................................................................................................................................................................... 335 Ankhi Dutta VIII Tick and Mosquito Borne Diseases and Tropical Infections of Global Importance 32 L yme Disease. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 343 Nicholas J. Bennett 33 R ocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Other Rickettsioses ...................................................................... 355 Asif Noor, Amy B. Triche, and Leonard R. Krilov 34 M alaria..................................................................................................................................................................................... 365 Andrea Shaw and Joseph Domachowske 35 Y ellow Fever and Dengue ........................................................................................................................................... 375 Zachary A. Jones and Stephen J. Thomas 36 C hagas Disease: South American Trypanosomiasis .................................................................................. 385 Joseph F. Toth III and Joseph Domachowske 37 L eptospirosis ....................................................................................................................................................................... 393 Daniel Lichtenstein and Joseph Domachowske 38 L eprosy .................................................................................................................................................................................... 401 Megan A. Harris and Joseph Domachowske 39 N eurocysticercosis........................................................................................................................................................... 409 Paris Hantzidiamantis and Joseph Domachowske IX Human Immune Deficiency Virus 40 H uman Immunodeficiency Virus I: History, Epidemiology, Transmission, and Pathogenesis ............................................................................................................................................................ 417 Bradford Becken III, Ami Multani, Simi Padival, and Coleen K. Cunningham 41 H uman Immunodeficiency Virus II: Clinical Presentation, Opportunistic Infections, Treatment, and Prevention ........................................................................... 425 Ami Multani, Bradford Becken III, and Simi Padival X Essentials of Diagnostic Microbiology 42 E ssentials of Diagnostic Microbiology ............................................................................................................... 439 Scott W. Riddell and Soma Sanyal Supplementary Information Answers to the Chapter Exercises .......................................................................................................................................462 Index ............................................................................................................................................................................................473 Contributors Mayssa Abuali, MD Rebecca C. Brady, MD Department of Pediatrics Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Einstein Medical Center Philadelphia Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center Philadelphia, PA, USA Cincinnati, OH, USA [email protected] [email protected] Tara M. Babu, MD, MSCI Gale R. Burstein, MD, MPH Infectious Diseases Division County Department of Health Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Buffalo, NY, USA Rochester, NY, USA [email protected] [email protected] Richard Cantor, MD Stephen Barone, MD Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department Department of Pediatrics Upstate Medical University Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell Syracuse, NY, USA Steven and Alexandra Cohen Children’s Medical [email protected] Center of New York New Hyde Park, NY, USA Brian D. W. Chow, MD [email protected] Tufts Medical Center Boston, MA, USA Bradford Becken III, MD [email protected] Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseasess Duke University Medical Center Coleen K. Cunningham, MD Durham, NC, USA Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases [email protected] Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA Nicholas J. Bennett, MB BChir, PhD [email protected] Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology Connecticut Children’s Medical Center Penelope H. Dennehy, MD Hartford, CT, USA Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases [email protected] Rhode Island Hospital Alpert Medical School of Brown University Winter S. Berry, DO Providence, RI, USA Department of Pediatrics [email protected] SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA Joseph Domachowske, MD [email protected] SUNY Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA Daniel B. Blatt, MD [email protected] Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Department of Pediatrics Ankhi Dutta, MD, MPH Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases Providence, RI, USA Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine [email protected] Houston, TX, USA [email protected] Steven D. Blatt, MD Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics Matthew Egan, MD Upstate Medical University Division of Pediatric Cardiology Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Pediatrics [email protected] Upstate Medical University Syracuse, NY, USA [email protected]
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