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Acta Neurochirurgica Supplements Editor: H.-J. Steiger Intraoperative Imaging Edited by M. Necmettin Pamir, Volker Seifert, Talat Kırıs¸ Acta Neurochirurgica Supplement 109 SpringerWienNewYork M.NecmettinPamir ProfessorandChairman,DepartmentofNeurosurgery,AcibademUniversity,SchoolofMedicine, InonuCad,OkurSok20,34742Kozytagi,Istanbul,Turkey VolkerSeifert Univ.KlinikumFrankfurt,ZentrumNeurologieundNeurochirurgie,Klinikfu¨rNeurochirurgie, Schleusenweg2-16,60528Frankfurt,Haus95,Germany TalatKırıs¸ UniversityofIstanbul,SchoolofMedicine,Dept.Neurosurgery,34390Capa,Istanbul,Turkey Thisworkissubjecttocopyright. Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallythoseoftranslation,reprinting,re-use ofillustrations,broadcasting,reproductionbyphotocopyingmachinesorsimilarmeans,andstorageindatabanks. ProductLiability:Thepublishercangivenoguaranteeforalltheinformationcontainedinthisbook.Thisdoesalso refertoinformationaboutdrugdosageandapplicationthereof.Ineveryindividualcasetherespectiveusermust checkitsaccuracybyconsultingotherpharmaceuticalliterature.Theuseofregisterednames,trademarks,etc.inthis publicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. #2011Springer-Verlag/Wien PrintedinGermany SpringerWienNewYorkispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia springer.at Typesetting:SPI,Pondichery,India Printedonacid-freeandchlorine-freebleachedpaper SPIN:12744831 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010935184 With117(partlycoloured)Figures ISSN0065-1419 ISBN978-3-211-99650-8 e-ISBN978-3-211-99651-5 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-211-99651-5 SpringerWienNewYork Preface In the pursuit of the goal of continuous improvement in surgical results, intraoperative imaging technologies have taken an ever-increasing role in the daily practice of neurosur- geons.Toadaptavailableimagingtechnologiestotheoperatingroomaconsiderableamount ofefforthasbeenfocusedonthesubject.Mostcentershavetakenindividualandindependent approachesonthesubjectandanever-diversifyingfieldof“intraoperativeimaging’’hasbeen created. In an initiative of coordinating and symbiotically integrating these novel technolo- gies, the international “Intraoperative Imaging Society’’ has been formed. After the second internationalmeetingofthesociety,thisbookisaimedtobringtogetherboththeessenceand detailsofthecurrentstatus. The initial drive for intraoperative imaging in neurosurgery came from the demands of neurooncology. Accumulating evidence over the years has indicated that a more complete resection of brain tumors was associated with a lower incidence of recurrences and longer survival.Thisledtoasearchfortechniquesandtechnologiestoimprovetheextentofsurgical resections.StereotactictechniqueshaveledtothedevelopmentofNeuronavigationasameans to define brain anatomy during surgery and to guide surgical interventions. The technology waswelcomedwithmuchenthusiasmasitprovidedprecisestereotacticdefinitionofboththe brain anatomy and the boundaries of intracranial lesions. However, neuronavigation was basedonpreoperativelyacquiredimagesandthebrainshiftcausedbythesurgicalinterven- tion severely affected the accuracy and therefore the dependability of this technology. Meanwhileseveraldifferenttechnologiesofintraoperativeimagingwereunderdevelopment. Ultrasonography (U/S), computed tomography (CT) and MRI are currently the most promi- nent of these techniques. Initial designs were tested in the clinic and most were replaced by never designs to accommodate clinical needs and to compensate for the shortcomings. The financialburdenofthesesophisticatedintraoperativeimagingtechnologieswasalsoaserious considerationandhadanimportantinfluenceonequipmentandfacilitydesigns.Intraoperative imagingtechnologycertainlydidnotstayconfined tothefield ofneurooncology. Neurovas- cular, pediatric, functional and spine surgery had different needs and these were fulfilled by developmentofevenmorediversifiedtechnologies. The increasing attention and interest on intraoperative imaging also necessitated interna- tional interaction and collaboration and the Intraoperative Imaging Society was formed in 2007.ThefirstAnnualMeetingoftheIntra-operativeImagingSocietywasheldattheHyatt Regency Resort, Spa and Casino in Lake Tahoe-Nevada in 2008. After this very successful meeting,thesecondmeetingwasheldinIstanbul-TurkeyfromJune14to17,2009.Thisbook bringstogetherhighlightsfromthissecondmeetingoftheIntraoperativeImagingSociety.The first section of the book gives an overview of the emergence and development of the intraoperativeimagingtechnologyanditgivesaglimpseonwherethetechnologyisheading. Among all technologies, intraoperative MRI has received most of the attention due to immensetechnicalpotentialofthismodality.Variousnewtechnologieshavebeendeveloped v vi Preface inthelastdecadeandthisledtoverydiversedesigns.Therefore,wehavedividedthissection into parts discussing low, high and ultra-high field designs. The second, third and fourth sections provide separate reports on each system. After reading these chapters the reader shouldhaveageneralideaonintraoperativeMRItechnologyandknowtheprosandconsof eachdesign.ThesectionsonCTandUltrasonographyarefollowedbyasectionwithreports fromthemostprominentcenterswhichhaveattemptedintegratingdifferentimagingtechnol- ogies.Thelastoneisadiversesectionbringingtogetherancillarytechniquesaswellasreports onintraoperativerobotictechnology. Webelievethatthisbookwillprovideanup-todateandcomprehensivegeneraloverviewof the current intraoperative imaging technology as well as detailed discussions on individual techniquesandclinicalresults. Istanbul,Turkey M.N.Pamir,T.Kırıs¸ Frankfurt,Germany V.Seifert March2010 Contents History- Development- Prospects of Intraoperative Imaging From Vision to Reality: The Origins of Intraoperative MR Imaging .................. 3 Black, P., Jolesz, F.A., and Medani, K. Development of Intraoperative MRI: A Personal Journey .............................. 9 Fahlbusch, R. Lows and Highs: 15 Years of Development in Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging .......................................................... 17 Schmidt, T., Ko¨nig, R., Hlavac, M., Antoniadis, G., and Wirtz, C.R. Intraoperative Imaging in Neurosurgery: Where Will the Future Take Us? ........... 21 Jolesz, F.A. Intraoperative MRI- Ultra Low Field Systems Development and Design of Low Field Compact Intraoperative MRI for Standard Operating Room ......................................................... 29 Hadani, M. Low Field Intraoperative MRI in Glioma Surgery .................................... 35 Seifert, V., Gasser, T., and Senft, C. Intraoperative MRI (ioMRI) in the Setting of Awake Craniotomies for Supratentorial Glioma Resection ................................................... 43 Peruzzi, P., Puente, E., Bergese, S., and Chiocca, E.A. Glioma Extent of Resection and Ultra-Low-Field ioMRI: Interim Analysis of a Prospective Randomized Trial ..................................................... 49 Senft, C., Bink, A., Heckelmann, M., Gasser, T., and Seifert, V. Impact of a Low-Field Intraoperative MRI on the Surgical Results for High-Grade Gliomas ................................................................ 55 Kırıs¸, T. and Arıca, O. Intraoperative MRI and Functional Mapping .......................................... 61 Gasser, T., Szelenyi, A., Senft, C., Muragaki, Y., Sandalcioglu, I.E., Sure, U., Nimsky, C., and Seifert, V. vii viii Contents Information-Guided Surgical Management of Gliomas Using Low-Field-Strength Intraoperative MRI ............................................... 67 Muragaki, Y., Iseki, H., Maruyama, T., Tanaka, M., Shinohara, C., Suzuki, T., Yoshimitsu, K., Ikuta, S., Hayashi, M., Chernov, M., Hori, T., Okada, Y., and Takakura, K. Implementation of the Ultra Low Field Intraoperative MRI PoleStar N20 During Resection Control of Pituitary Adenomas ................................ 73 Gerlach, R., Richard du Mesnil du Rochemont, Gasser, T., Marquardt, G., Imoehl, L., and Seifert, V. Intraoperative MRI for Stereotactic Biopsy ........................................... 81 Schulder, M. and Spiro, D. The Evolution of ioMRI Utilization for Pediatric Neurosurgery: A Single Center Experience ............................................................ 89 Moriarty, T.M. and Titsworth, W.L. Intraoperative MRI - High Field Systems Implementation and Preliminary Clinical Experience with the Use of Ceiling Mounted Mobile High Field Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging Between Two Operating Rooms ....................... 97 Chicoine, M.R., Lim, C.C.H., Evans, J.A., Singla, A., Zipfel, G.J., Rich, K.M., Dowling, J.L., Leonard, J.R., Smyth, M.D., Santiago, P., Leuthardt, E.C., Limbrick, D.D., and Dacey, R.G. High-Field ioMRI in Glioblastoma Surgery: Improvement of Resection Radicality and Survival for the Patient? ................................ 103 Mehdorn, H.M., Schwartz, F., Dawirs, S., Hedderich, J., Do¨rner, L., and Nabavi, A. 1 Image Guided Aneurysm Surgery in a Brainsuite ioMRI Miyabi 1.5 T Environment ..................................................................... 107 Ko¨nig, R.W., Heinen, C.P.G., Antoniadis, G., Kapapa, T., Pedro, M.T., Gardill, A., Wirtz, C.R., Kretschmer, T., and Schmidt, T. From Intraoperative Angiography to Advanced Intraoperative Imaging: The Geneva Experience ................................................................ 111 Schaller, K., Kotowski, M., Pereira, V., Ru¨fenacht, D., and Bijlenga, P. Intraoperative MRI - Ultra High Field Systems Intraoperative Magnetic Resonance Imaging ......................................... 119 Hall, W.A. and Truwit, C.L. 3 T ioMRI: The Istanbul Experience ................................................. 131 Pamir, M.N. Intra-operative 3.0 T Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using a Dual-Independent Room: Long-Term Evaluation of Time-Cost, Problems, and Learning-Curve Effect ................................................. 139 Martin, X.P., Vaz, G., Fomekong, E., Cosnard, G., and Raftopoulos, C. Contents ix Multifunctional Surgical Suite (MFSS) with 3.0 T ioMRI: 17 Months of Experience .......................................................................... 145 Benesˇ, V., Netuka, D., Krama´rˇ, F., Ostry´, S., and Belsˇa´n, T. Intra-operative MRI at 3.0 Tesla: A Moveable Magnet .............................. 151 Lang, M.J., Greer, A.D., and Sutherland, G.R. One Year Experience with 3.0 T Intraoperative MRI in Pituitary Surgery .......... 157 Netuka, D., Masopust, V., Belsˇa´n, T., Krama´rˇ, F., and Benesˇ, V. Intraoperative CT and Radiography Intraoperative Computed Tomography ................................................ 163 Tonn, J.C., Schichor, C., Schnell, O., Zausinger, S., Uhl, E., Morhard, D., and Reiser, M. Intraoperative CT in Spine Surgery ................................................... 169 Steudel, W.-I., Nabhan, A., and Shariat, K. O-Arm Guided Balloon Kyphoplasty: Preliminary Experience of 16 Consecutive Patients ............................................................ 175 Schils, F. Intraoperative Ultrasonography Intra-operative Imaging with 3D Ultrasound in Neurosurgery ........................ 181 Unsga˚rd, G., Solheim, O., Lindseth, F., and Selbekk, T. Intraoperative 3-Dimensional Ultrasound for Resection Control During Brain Tumour Removal: Preliminary Results of a Prospective Randomized Study ......... 187 Rohde, V. and Coenen, V.A. Advantages and Limitations of Intraoperative 3D Ultrasound in Neurosurgery. Technical note ....................................................... 191 Bozinov, O., Burkhardt, J.-K., Fischer, C.M., Kockro, R.A., Bernays, R.-L., and Bertalanffy, H. Multimodality Integration Integrated Intra-operative Room Design .............................................. 199 Ng, I. Multimodal Navigation Integrated with Imaging ..................................... 207 Nimsky, C., Kuhnt, D., Ganslandt, O., and Buchfelder, M. Multimodality Imaging Suite: Neo-Futuristic Diagnostic Imaging Operating Suite Marks a Significant Milestone for Innovation in Medical Technology ......... 215 Matsumae, M., Koizumi, J., Tsugu, A., Inoue, G., Nishiyama, J., Yoshiyama, M., Tominaga, J., and Atsumi, H. Improving Patient Safety in the Intra-operative MRI Suite Using an On-Duty Safety Nurse, Safety Manual and Checklist ............................ 219 Matsumae, M., Nakajima, Y., Morikawa, E., Nishiyama, J., Atsumi, H., Tominaga, J., Tsugu, A., and Kenmochi, I.

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