Intracellular Regulation of Ion Channels

246 Pages·1992·11.704 MB·English

by  O. Pongs (auth.), Martin Morad, Zalman Agus (eds.)

Intracellular Regulation of Ion Channels
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Series H: Cell Biology Vol. 60
Intracellular Regulation
of Ion Channels
Edited by
Martin Morad
and
Zalman Agus
University of Pennsylvania
School of Medicine
Dept. of Physiology
Philadelphia, PA 19104-6085
USA
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York London Paris Tokyo
Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Intracellular
Modulation of Cardiac and Neuronal Ion Channels held at II Ciocco,
Lucca (Italy) from April 26-30, 1991
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-84630-4 e-ISBN-13:978-3-642-84628-1
001: 10.1007/978-3-642-84628-1
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part at the material is concerned,
specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on
microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is per
mitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and
permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under
the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1992
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1992
Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors
31/3140-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
PREFACE
Understanding the molecular processes by which ionic channels are regulated is central
to the understanding of cellular function. Great advances in understanding these
regulatory mechanisms have been recently achieved by the combination of several
powerful techniques. Development of the patch clamp technique, ability to access the
intracellular channels sites, and genetic manipulation of channel structure have allowed
studies of channel function in native membranes. Cloning, sequencing and determining
the channel structure and its subunits allows further insight into the regulatory
mechanisms of channel function. In planning this symposium, we organized the scientific
discussions around specific molecular topics independent of the tissue and species of
origin. Clearly, the subject of ion channel regulation is multi-faceted, with a large
number of very talented scientists working in the field. The NATO Symposium
represented an attempt to bring together these individuals and synthesize and evaluate
new ideas and experimental findings.
A great deal of novel data was presented, and scientific insight into the molecular
processes which regulate ionic channels was furthered. This book gives a synopsis of the
scientific presentations and is organized into 3 sections.
The first section deals with the diversity of K + channels and their regulation, including
structure-function and mechanistic studies. Presentations dealt with the characterization
and modulation of a variety ofK+ channels in cardiac and neuronal cells, including ATP
dependent K+ channels, Na +- activated K+ channels, delayed rectifier K+ channels and
the diversity of their regulation by G-proteins.
The second section of the book deals with the molecular understanding of Ca2+c hannel
function, its re~lation and genetic manipulation. The role of alternate pathways of
regulation of Ca2+ channels, i.e., via protein kinase A phosphorylation, and direct G
protein action on the channel (membrane delimited pathway) are considered. Other
regulatory mechanisms such as voltage-dependent gating, calcium-dependent inactivation
and the role of proteolysis in run-down are also discussed.
The third section of the book deals with regulation of other types of channels, including
Na +, ct, and If channels. The modulatory effects of cytosolic magnesium and the role
of phosphorylation by protein kinases A and C are discussed with reference to epithelial
ct channels, neuronal and cardiac Na + channels, and pacemaker If channels.
VI
It is intended that the book will serve as a reference source for students interested in ion
channel regulation, and it is our hope that this subject will become one of the continuing
themes of NATO Advanced Workshops (ARW), and that similar symposia will be held
in future years.
We thank the participants for their time and effort and the excellence of their
contributions.
Martin Morad
Zalman Agus
Philadelphia, P A
1991
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PART I: Regulation of K+ Channels Page
K+ channel diversity 3
o. Pongs
Regulation of voltage-activated K+ channels 9
A. M. Brown
Gating mechanisms of Shaker potassium channels 15
R. Aldrich
Vaccinia virus: A novel expression system for receptors and ion channels 21
A. Karschin
Delayed rectification in the heart: Regulation and physiology 27
W.M. Kwok, L.C. Freemen, J. Anumonwo, and R.S. Kass
Receptor-dependent modulation of G protein-gated muscarinic K+ channel 43
by arachidonic acid metabolites
Y. Kurachi
The Na +- activated K+ channel in cardiac cells 53
E. Carmeliet and H.-N. Luk
Regulation of the ATP-dependent K+ channel of muscle by ATP and pH 61
N.B. Standen, N.W. Davies, A. Pettit, and P.R. Stanfield
Regulation of cardiac ATP-sensitive K+ channels 71
J.N. Weiss, N. Venkatesh, and N.A. Deutsch
AT P-sensitive K+ channels: Molecular pharmacology, regulation and role 83
in diseased states
M. Lazdunski, M. Fosset, 1. De Weille, E. Honore, C. Mourre
PART II: Regulation of Ca2+ Channels
Tissue distribution and possible function of the subunits of the L-type 89
calcium channels
F. Hofmann, M. Biel, R. Hullin, E. Bosse, V. Flockerzi
VIII
Phosphorylation and regulation of calcium channels by multiple protein 99
kinases
M.M. Hosey, R.M. Brawley, C.F. Chang, L.M. Gutierrez, C. Mundina
Weilenmann, J. Ma, and E. Rios
Action of the GTP-binding protein Gs on cardiac Ca2+ channels 107
A. Cavalie, T.J.A. Allen, W. Trautwein
Membrane-delimited stimulation of heart cell calcium current by fi- 113
adrenergic signal-transducing Gs protein
S. Pelzer, Y.M. Shuba, L. Birnbaumer, T.F. McDonald, D.J. Pelzer
Participation of a fast G-protein pathway in the fi-adrenergic regulation of 129
cardiac calcium channels: Neither proven nor needed
R. Fischmeister, P.-F. Mery, H.C. Hartzell, G. Szabo
Kinetics of G-protein mediated action on neuronal Ca2+ channels 141
H.-D. Lux, N. Tokutomi and F. Grassi
Identification of G-proteins involved in the inhibition of Ca2+ currents in 153
neuronal and endocrine cells
1. Hescheler, C. Kleuss, C. Ewel, B. Wittig, W. Rosenthal, G. Schultz
Voltage-dependent a-adrenergic modulation of Ca2+ channels in peripheral 161
neurons and insulin-secreting cells
E. Carbone, A. PolIo, M. Lovallo, G. Aicardi, and E. Sher
Voltage-dependent modal gating in cardiac and neuronal L-type calcium 173
channels
D. Pietrobon, L. Forti, and P. Hess
T-type calcium channels in cardiac muscle: News in kinetics and 181
modulation
B. Nilius
Calcium regulation of ion channels in neurons 191
R.S. Zucker
Role of calpastatin in calcium channel regulation 203
M. Kameyama, A. Kameyama, E. Takano, K. Yazawa, K. Yasui, T.
Murachi
ct,
PART III: Regulation of Na+, and If Channels
Structure and modulation of voltage-gated sodium channels 209
W.A. Catterall, T. Scheuer, R. Numann, M. Li, 1. West, B. Murphy, and
S. Rossie
IX
Regulation of the cAMP-dependent chloride current in cardiac ventricular 221
myocytes
R.D. Harvey, J.A. Jurevicius, J.R. Hume
Magnesium as an intracellular modulator of calcium, potassium and 231
chloride channels
Z.S. Agus, E. Kelepouris, 1. Dukes, R. Kasama and M. Morad
Cyclic AMP regulation of pacemaker ~) current in heart 241
D. DiFrancesco
Subject Index 243
x
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