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Intonation Text, Speech and Language Technology VOLUME 15 Series Editors Nancy Ide, Vassar College. New York Jean Veronis, Universite de Provence and CNRS, France Editorial Board Harald Baayen, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics. The Netherlands Kenneth W. Church, AT & T Bell Labs, New Jersey, USA Judith Klavans, Columbia University, New York, USA David T. Barnard, University of Regina, Canada Dan Tufis, Romanian Academy of Sciences, Romania Joaquim Llisterri, Universitat Autolloma de Barcelona, Spain Stig Johansson, University of Oslo, Norway Joseph Mariani, LlMSI-CNRS, France The titles published in this series are listed at the end of this volume. Intonation Analysis, Modelling and Technology Edited by Antonis Botinis University of Skovde, Sweden Qlld University ofA thens, Greece SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Intonation : analysis, modeIIing and technology I edited by Antonis Botinis. p. em. -- (Text, speech, and language technology; v. 15) IncIudes index. ISBN 0-7923-6605-0 (alk. paper) 1. Intonation (Phonetics) 2. Linguistic models. 1. Botinis, Antonis. II. Series. P222 .14542000 414'.6--dc21 00-062193 ISBN 978-0-7923-6723-9 ISBN 978-94-011-4317-2 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4317-2 Printed an acid-free paper AII Rights Reserved © 2000 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2000 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover Ist edition 2000 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, inc\uding photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. Contents List of contributors page vii Acknowledgements ix 1 Introduction 1 ANTONIS BOTINIS Section I. Overview of Intonation 2 Intonation: Past, Present, Future 13 MARIO ROSSI Section II. Prominence and Focus 3 Acoustic-phonetic Analysis of Prominence in Swedish 55 GUNNAR FANT, ANITA KRUCKENBERG AND JOHAN LILJENCRANTS 4 Prosodic Disambiguation in English and Italian 87 JULIA HiRSCHBERG AND CINZIA A VESANI 5 Contrastive Tonal Analysis of Focus Perception in Greek and 97 Swedish ANTONIS BOTINIS, ROBERT BANNERT AND MARK TATHAM Section III. Boundaries and Discourse 6 Phonetic Correlates of Statement versus Question Intonation 119 in Dutch VINCENT J. V AN HEUVEN AND JUDITH HAAN 7 Pitch Movements and Information Structure in Spontaneous 145 Dutch Discourse MONIQUE v AN DONZEL AND FLORIEN KOOPMANS-V AN BEINUM 8 Discourse Constraints on Fo Peak Timing in English 163 ANNE WICHMANN, JILL HOUSE AND TONI RIETVELD V Vi Section IV. Intonation Modelling 9 Automatic Stylisation and Modelling of French and Italian 185 Intonation ESTELLE CAMPIONE, DANIEL 1. HIRST AND JEAN VERONIS 10 A Phonological Model of French Intonation 209 SUN-AH JUN AND CECILE FOUGERON 11 A Declination Model of Mandarin Chinese 243 CHILIN SHIH 12 A Quantitative Model of Fo Generation and Alignment 269 JAN P. H. VAN SANTEN AND BERND MOBIUS Section V. Intonation Technology 13 Modelling of Swedish Text and Discourse Intonation in a 291 Speech Synthesis Framework GOSTA BRUCE, MARCUS FILIPSSON, JOHAN FRID, BJORN GRANSTROM, KlELL GUSTAFSON, MERLE HORNE AND DAVID HOUSE 14 A Prosodic Modelfor Text-to-speech Synthesis in French 321 ALBERT DI CRISTO, PHILIPPE DI CRISTO, ESTELLE CAMPIONE AND JEAN VERONIS 15 Prosodic Parameters of French in a Speech Recognition 357 System KATARINA BARTKOVA 383 Index ofn ames 390 Subject index Contributors A VESANI, CINZIA Inst of Phonetics & Dialectology, University of Padova, Italy BANNERT, ROBERT Dept of Phonetics, University of Umea, Sweden BARTKOVA, KATARINA France Telecom, CNET, France BOTINIS, ANTONIS Dept of Languages, University of Skoevde, Sweden BRUCE, GOSTA Dept of Linguistics & Phonetics, University of Lund, Sweden CAMPIONE, ESTELLE Equipe DELlC, Universite de Provence, France DI CRISTO, ALBERT Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Universite de Provence, France Dr CRISTO, PHILIPE Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Universite de Provence, France FANT, GUNNAR Dept of Speech, Music & Hearing, KTH, Sweden FILIPSSON, MARCUS Dept of Linguistics & Phonetics, University of Lund, Sweden FOUGERON, CECILE Laboratoire de Psycholinguistique, Universite de Geneve, Suisse FRID, JOHAN Dept of Linguistics & Phonetics, University of Lund, Sweden GRANSTROM, BJORN Dept of Speech, Music & Hearing, KTH, Sweden GUSTAFSON, KJELL Dept of Speech, Music & Hearing, KTH, Sweden HAAN, JUDITH Dept of Linguistics and Dialectology, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands HEUVEN,VANJ. VINCENT Phonetics Laboratory, Dept of Linguistics, University of Leiden, The Netherlands VII viii HIRSCHBERG, JULIA Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, USA HIRST, DANIEL Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Universite de Provence, France HORNE, MERLE Dept of Linguistics & Phonetics, University of Lund, Sweden HOUSE, DAVID Dept of Speech, Music & Hearing, KTH, Sweden HOUSE, JILL Dept of Phonetics & Linguistics, University College of London, UK JUN, SUN-AH Dept of Linguistics, University of California at Los Angeles, USA KOOPMANS-VAN BEINUM, FLORIEN Inst of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands KRUCKENBERG, ANITA Dept of Speech, Music & Hearing, KTH, Sweden LILJENCRANTS, JOHAN Dept of Speech, Music & Hearing, KTH, Sweden MbBIUS, BERND Inst of Natural Language Processing, University of Stuttgart, Germany RIETVELD, TONI Dept of Language & Speech, University of Nijmegen, The Netherlands ROSSI, MARIO Laboratoire Parole et Langage, Universite de Provence, France SHIH, CHILIN Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, USA TATHAM, MARK Dept of Language & Linguistics, University of Essex, UK VAN DONZEL, MONIQUE Inst of Phonetic Sciences, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands VAN SANTEN, P.H. JAN Center for Spoken Language Understanding, Oregon Graduate Institute of Science and Technology, USA VERONIS, JEAN Equipe DELlC, Universite de Provence, France WICHMANN, ANNE Dept of Cultural Studies, University of Central Lancashire, UK Acknowledgements The present volume is an integrated selection of papers stemming from the European Speech Communication Association (ESCA) Workshop on Intonation in Athens, in September of 1997. The Workshop took place under the auspices of Athens University and was financially supported by the Hellenic Ministry of Education and the Hellenic Ministry of Development - General Secretariat of Research and Technology. Cinzia A vesani, Robert Bannert, Mary Beckman, Gosta Bruce, Albert Di Cristo, Grzegorz Dogil, Bjorn Granstrom, Julia Hirschberg, Jill House, Dieter Huber, George Kokkinakis, Mario Rossi, Christel Sorin and Marc Swerts have been members of the International Scientific Committee on the Workshop. Most of them were also involved in the review process and contributed to this volume as authors. The initial set up of this volume took place at the Department of Linguistics, University of Athens, and the main body of editorship was carried out at the Department of Languages, University of Skovde, Sweden. I believe that the joint effort of all who worked on this volume has made a significant contribution to the field of intonation and considerable new knowledge has been produced for the benefit of the educational and international scientific communities. In addition to authors, reviewers, colleagues and organisations referred to above as well as the University of Skovde for economic support in the production of the volume, many more have contributed in various respects, too numerous to mention individually. My sincere thanks to all. Antonis Botinis IX 1 Introduction ANTONIS BOTINIS 1.1 Background This introduction provides essential information about the structure and the objects of study of this volume. Following the introduction, fourteen papers which represent current research on intonation are organised into five thematic sections: (I) Overview of Intonation, (II) Prominence and Focus, (III) Boundaries and Discourse, (IV) Intonation Modelling, and (V) Intonation Technology. Within the sections the papers are arranged thematically, although several papers which deal with various aspects of intonation and prosody are basically intersectional. As the title indicates, "Intonation: Analysis, Modelling and Technology" is a contribution to the study of prosody, with major emphasis on intonation. Intonation and tonal themes are thus the central object of the volume, although temporal and dynamic aspects are also taken into consideration by a good number of papers. Although tonal and prosodic distinctions have been dealt with throughout man's literate history with reference to the study of language, for example by classical philosophers such as Plato and Aristotle, it is in recent decades that we have witnessed the most fertile growth in intonation studies, as with experimental phonetics and speech technology in general. As Rossi (this volume) points out, intonation research really began to blossom in the sixties with a multi fold increase in prosodic studies, reflected in contributions to the International Congress of Phonetic Sciences (ICPhS), and in the international literature. In the present decade, intonation has become established as a major research area in speech and language-related subjects and disciplines, as A. Botinis (ed.), Intonation © Kluwer Academic Publishers 2000
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