Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease: Modern Concepts PDF
Preview Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease: Modern Concepts
I Intestinal microbiota is now considered to be an n te Intestinal IopmacWnoarnotgeIopmacWmtedIopmacWonhrna oarnos ahrnfeotpgot oegnemtmtedttedia nhrhhroiaap dns hs heevptpooensnhttetatia ae thoipvhoi ip dn yhrdvntlv esheaeei soihaseatoiavemi tyhcvritn lniy hetteni lsoo staeo ei omvsiliaroneni omylctnarsonoini tvpnlirsno re ylc njavgoliooitueas yplcr rhadonijingobot pusra r rchbopmacWoeanjd goitnotmbuimstarcaoairnfxhaoe n dtcmion imtgbbesarmitctodil ntatecen r hrb ita mwimtela hpateaeei a oipt nonpeantcptbeaag ecnpaalthonpte e g tr diiaarnveeaeputsariebtsoahaynpusiatbteoetlyvgn i aaenlylhcocnt nlut r oicne eiso nstusaosaobto eoly iplielrtnieonii toanoi t nnsonoltcooctcs r s vlnhnrhswwe foylfo a ei silsoiiaallutuspnnoerie nuuknojt ce geost cunacsnh rc whracbefde isn i stssrpa dcltuondaeeroin outp.minmto vep.aayiev cn nnt cercc rnbheiwclorcshert ige ts iedoertgyps ysinaeeotenp.pItiyayvs iged aat sIntian ciectr rsadh ntsiotsuabtiioertygss annooes ent iyenycnslocu rhoI i caosnl n odeed tp seuotlrnitiaceoi slfnanosdoetci d rlsoieg nithttleloo ffq nhsst islin d aluigu nreuhittukcctolleu qedhsetcnl o o ravinaleeauhecsfeca tt u di ed angnri no oittlp.elevlb.ary qce hstbearl acdriih ilnuhioe tcrttglel u oeeeb.rty au yysobtaleI uataics ldiea t st etahnlcil osnaarntos yauleiiyb.r nede u os bn drnac, uianllcioe l tarlden ooiyntyauendefs ui lr g ,itdtl lanlqhs s tlariuhiycdu endesarlea,ciea fnn lef.r beadiltlorty auuetd hnlarniyedesr,t Intestinal Microbiota in He Intestinal Microbiota in H Intestinal Microbiota in stinal Microbiota in Health MiHcMMrMIeoinHciaHbcrtileHecoitroaIhesbDronlIett aoitbaniaiohtalnsb neittt eliaoaaheitndsalo nhtts s ianidaett naia nnia nndialnd l of interactions between prokaryotic cells and the a e H a exoeteirnfxxa tteitcnrrsaaetteccilnlereuaalllllluac uhltraila oarb nrsi tspsaitn hpsatbtseapece scaaettewmnic n deeiact t lehrh hohnaoatabhs ttbip toai rttctavvao ota aksnr variidaneiarenifsytrlsdiu oioe enhtisninsocic n ,s ect a idsencn idofl dlfnishe fddfoh reaiesoitfinrntowf eedtn nprs et,rth onaecnte ds sheosw. lth an alth ealth nd D DiseDaDsiesieseaasese intietnhsteeti nstaminl iachrla ohbbaiitobatitEatsa n toasirnn mfadloun uehdsno chpseroto sscg tro ehcnsoodss nithtdi aoistnpi osrbon,e cseaen,n s adsance hcdsoo. mhwop lwis hed in d D and an isea Modern Concepts tEhnetEtohh rneimsom froimiemculodrsiou ci nsbrp orirepobocrtgioaeogrtn hteratie ssiy ns sefisf eail nhulrdhsfae ali.nusns re cebbneceeecseene ntns y h eaaoachcsrcscoto. osmmtpp rlpiopslihcrsoeehdcse esdinse ssine. s. isease Dise d Dis se: M ModMeron dCeornnc Cepotsncepts tThhiEtTseTph hhnf hiisyeeeoin s f lrditimieoienn illgtnoodteerg u rgiagnyesrt ra c iriaontepeitnotcrniroon oTppetn gdohrhynoo yuerfetc esf coyae itseiofsnehtr sshlsstoaee tee.gnhrg hs ysere mam a.wi nsttiiih mcoct rtarnrhobotio d eceboburretiafoacoi onpekbttat esheia a o eun w cttpeaiwmccilwat ohiic gctw tmherhoohi eatpbuhhrililnasmoi us pthfaamheot unhuerawe tmdinc it ah igin nnoth eauslsmti nfaoanrl : Modern ase: Mod ease: Mo odern Co Modern Concepts processes that take place in the intestinal C e d n phpyhsiyosloiogloyg iyn tirnotderoundvciuerocsen nmse enwne twt h aetnhradep raebpueetyiuco tnigcdo gatolhsae lf so irnf oter stine. on rn er ce pernopIevncrnioterevcsorievsrneoesmnnsste meiosntne h tna ittnht Idaanmiasnttte atniidcrnkdvtr caeeo tn kb babteiinoeope dtnlyay a up ooicnnwlnnaei qodcmd un ee ii'ct n tt rhtho phiebnerrteio a hob pteaitaenh ibuntwetleiyin tocse n tgitbe'sntioe nsttap etielinra nsao. e tasbi na.lt r baaldyl itbioen aal cepts Conc n Con pts ednisvtinircot nanmd eunnitq uea nthde rabpeeuytioc ngdoa l tahs etr adiintitoensalt ine. e c Intervention in mdruicgr othbeioratpai ews ohnav'te pinrotebnadbedly sob efa ra, but may pt ep Idnrtuegr vtehnetriaopnie sinb ehcmaovimec reoi nbtaeio ntdcaoe mdw posoonn 'etf naptr ,r oobbfu at abm lyam yob ree ah olistic s tsDPE ddbtmthhireseeauddbtmtcbtmtthhrrnhhgiireoeaanseeaueea accmpptcrrrrnngtgiooaaaahnteea ae emppmppaecuugtg meehteenrtteee eiiuuaaeuuccd ame ttmpnr ttii snccauiiaeiccdaaeeo t snpnc p ssalnoutiiuocaqe oppltnoutcomtmt phusplrihhoiutfoomoq rpiae eeafpoootnma hurrrnv ipnofaotaa occaeaheh o cpppcnnhoahgv a neoeehota cenec hehiesruun nsnomhnadta tt endt niihtennh ccptiiesteritno to a anadsetni innohtottattopttiuo e o dbb to pnanleuiftnfieeipeots sitso stu oc deribd enfo oa t fneiae gennisa swe c wds cm feoc h omf hoaoh gmonaaheeumen ws soeu lernomf drt ofgoanarnhhoedrramigi toeeauseld n.erir otiftea , rno g n. ratb angrse d rgiehrbs asiae, in.e o t nuKhd r cng2elib atwaoiin2l tsmf e5ctuhdio lh 0htomiail3eutioiseneect tnrcrnhiratl gaomaieidlescyietrn n.lhat agaiaecy rl inc lethaer Dominique Brassart (eds.)Philippe MarteauDominique Brassart (edEduardo J. SchiffrinPhilippe MarteauDominique Brassart (eEduardo J. SchiffrinPhilippe Marteauominique Brassart (eds.)Eduardo J. Schiffrinhilippe Marteauduardo J. Schiffrin EDdouPmahEDrEiidDdnloiuEdPoipDmoqau hPdpuJrmioiaednu.lhPei mr oipia SiqMhdnBE lpruJciiioireddpna.hleq a i ri oSpiiMpuJtsBEtqfocs efe.perduJarah ra aei Srir.MsienutsBEtf t: oscfe S MrarBEdraahicrsanurirti:dahts tfaorsifeitsratfraosfeirsrnuarat:irs nut: s d .) s . ) 6000 Broken Sound Parkway, NW Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487 711 Third Avenue New York, NY 10017 an informa business 2 Park Square, Milton Park A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK www.crcpress.com Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN, UK Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease: Modern Concepts Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease: Modern Concepts Editors Eduardo J. Schiffrin, Medical Director Nestlé Research Centre Lausanne Switzerland Philippe Marteau, Professor Départment Médico-Chirurgical de Pathologie Digestive Hôpital Lariboisière Paris France Dominique Brassart Nestlé HealthCare Nutrition Vevey Switzerland p, A SCIENCE PUBLISHERS BOOK CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 © 2014 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20140122 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4822-2677-5 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. The authors and publishers have attempted to trace the copyright holders of all material reproduced in this publication and apologize to copyright holders if permission to publish in this form has not been obtained. If any copyright material has not been acknowledged please write and let us know so we may rectify in any future reprint. Except as permitted under U.S. Copyright Law, no part of this book may be reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or in any information stor- age or retrieval system, without written permission from the publishers. For permission to photocopy or use material electronically from this work, please access www.copy- right.com (http://www.copyright.com/) or contact the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. (CCC), 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400. CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro- vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho- tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com Preface Mucosal surfaces are home to a complex microbiota, which rapidly colonizes the tissues at birth and bestows important nutritional, metabolic and protective functions which benefi t the host. The numerous and diverse microbial communities residing at the vast intestinal mucosal surface have a particularly important role to play in human health, any dysbiosis of this microbiota being an underlying factor in a variety of clinical diseases. As such, the intestinal microbiota is the subject of intense and rapidly advancing research. Recent progress in molecular microbiology, bioinformatics and ecology in particular, are providing new insight into the role of the intestinal microbiota in health and revealing hitherto unexplored means to prevent or treat certain diseases. Through this book, we sought to provide the reader with an appraisal of the most recent advances in the fi eld. To this end, we have invited recognized experts from the academic and medical communities and from the pharmaceutical and food industry, to provide a treatise on a range of topics that address host-microbe interactions in the gut and the consequences of these interactions for the host. The opening chapters of the book discuss how microbes interact with host cells in specifi c intestinal niches, become established members of the intestinal microbiota and impact the development and function of a healthy immune system. The next chapters describe how pathogens overcome host defences and exploit the underlying mechanisms to infect the host. Chapters in the second half of the book then address the characteristics and the mechanisms leading to dysbiosis of the microbiota and how this culminates in the development of infl ammatory bowel disease, obesity, infection or stress. In this context, authors also discuss how manipulation of gut ecology and the use of probiotic microorganisms are credible therapeutic strategies to treat diseases and conditions affecting both the inside and the outside the gastrointestinal tract. We are confi dent that the authors have provided a balanced review of the fi eld and that the contents of this book will offer new information to students and experienced researchers alike. vi Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease: Modern Concepts We sincerely thank each author for the outstanding quality of their respective contributions and we trust that you, like us, will fi nd the contents of this book informative, fascinating and a pleasure to read. Eduardo J. Schiffrin, Medical Director Philippe Marteau, Professor Dominique Brassart Contents Preface v 1. Commensal Intestinal Microbiota and Mucosal Immune 1 System Development and Function Katarina Radulovic and Jan Hendrik Niess 2. Presentation of Microbial Signals via Maternal Cells: 41 An Evolutionary Advantage of Mammals Pablo F. Perez, Anne Donnet-Hughes and Eduardo J. Schiffrin 3. Interactions of the Intestinal Microbiota with Mucosal 61 Epithelial Cells Cherbuy Claire, Tomas Julie, Thomas Muriel and Langella Philippe 4. Pathogen-Host Cell Interactions at the Intestinal Level: 88 Lessons from Cultured Human Fully-Differentiated Colon Cancer Caco-2 and T84 Epithelial Cell Lines Vanessa Liévin-Le Moal and Alain L. Servin 5. Manipulation of the Host-Cell Pathways by Bacterial 140 Enteropathogens Brice Sperandio and Philippe J. Sansonetti 6. The Role of Probiotics in Prevention and Treatment of 165 GI Infections Christina M. Surawicz and Christopher Damman 7. The Microbiota in Infl ammatory Bowel Disease 179 Philippe Marteau, Marion Leclerc, Patricia Lepage, Philippe Seksik, Harry Sokol and Joel Doré 8. Opportunistic Pathogens in Infl ammatory Bowel Disease, 196 and the Relation with Specifi c Gene Susceptibilities Marianne Fraher and Fergus Shanahan viii Intestinal Microbiota in Health and Disease: Modern Concepts 9. Opportunistic Pathogens in Infl ammatory Bowel Disease, 221 The Case of Adherent-Invasive E. coli Arlette Darfeuille-Michaud 10. Correction of Microbiota Disturbances or Antagonism 230 Against Specifi c Pathogens in IBD Paul K. Flanagan and Jonathan M. Rhodes 11. Probiotics in Infl ammatory Bowel Disease: Modulation of 252 the Pathological Immune or Infl ammatory Activation. Their Potential Benefi ts in the Different Phases of the Disease Siew C. Ng and Ailsa L. Hart 12. Mechanisms, Prevention and Management of Diarrhoea 277 in Enteral Nutrition Kevin Whelan and Stéphane M. Schneider 13. Infl uence of the Intestinal Microbiota on the Critically 293 Ill Patient Robert G. Martindale, Stephen A. McClave, Malissa Warren and Svetang Desai 14. Gut Microbiota in Obesity and Type-2 Diabetes: 307 Links with Diet and Weight Loss Intervention Judith Aron-Wisnewsky and Karine Clément Index 325 Color Plate Section 327 1 Commensal Intestinal Microbiota and Mucosal Immune System Development and Function Katarina Radulovic1 and Jan Hendrik Niess1,2,* Introduction Instead of living as one individual organism, different species coexist in complex ecological niches constantly infl uencing each other. Humans are no exception from the symbiotic way of living since every healthy human individual coexists with an enormous number of microorganisms. The mutually dependent “life together” of two or more species is called symbiosis (Black 1996). Symbiotic relations of humans and microbial species always have positive outcomes for at least one member and this includes the relationships of mutualism and commensalism. Mutualism is a “win- win” situation in which both members benefi t from the relationship (Black 1996). In commensalism the situation is “win-zero” since one member of the relationship benefi ts without helping or harming the other one (Black 1996). When considering the interactions between microbial communities, 1Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. E-mail: [email protected] 2Department of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland. *Corresponding author: [email protected]
The list of books you might like
