INTERRELIGIOUS STUDIES Dispatches from an Emerging Field Hans Gustafson editor Interreligious Studies INTERRELIGIOUS STUDIES Dispatches from an Emerging Field Hans Gustafson Editor BAYLOR UNIVERSITY PRESS © 2020 by Baylor University Press Waco, Texas 76798 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of Baylor University Press. Book and cover design by Kasey McBeath Cover art by Alex Wong/Unsplash Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Gustafson, Hans, editor. Title: Interreligious studies : dispatches from an emerging field / Hans Gustafson, editor. Description: Waco : Baylor University Press, 2020. | Includes index. | Summary: “An interdisciplinary exploration of definitions, method, issues, and opportunities for interreligious studies as an academic field”-- Provided by publisher. Identifiers: LCCN 2020020811 (print) | LCCN 2020020812 (ebook) | ISBN 9781481312547 (hardcover) | ISBN 9781481312585 (pdf) | ISBN 9781481312578 (mobi) | ISBN 9781481312561 (epub) Subjects: LCSH: Religious thought. | Religion. | Religions. | Religious pluralism. Classification: LCC BL85 .I688 2020 (print) | LCC BL85 (ebook) | DDC 201/.507--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020811 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020020812 Interreligious Studies has been made possible in part by a major grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities: NEH CARES. Any views, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this book do not necessarily represent those of the National Endowment for the Humanities. Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper with a minimum of thirty percent recycled content. CONTENTS Foreword ix Anna Halafoff Preface xiii Hans Gustafson 1 Introduction 1 Hans Gustafson I Sketching the Field 15 2 Area, Field, Discipline 17 Oddbjørn Leirvik 3 Identifying the Field of Research 24 Geir Skeie 4 A Civic Approach to Interfaith Studies 29 Eboo Patel 5 The Scholar, the Theologian, and the Activist 34 Marianne Moyaert 6 Lessons from a Liminal Saint 43 Mark E. Hanshaw 7 Interreligion and Interdisciplinarity 52 Jeanine Diller 8 Interreligious or Transreligious? 58 Anne Hege Grung v vi Contents II History and Method 67 9 Historical Precedents 69 Thomas Albert Howard 10 From Comparison to Conversation 78 Frans Wijsen 11 Ethnographic Approaches and Limitations 84 Nelly van Doorn- Harder 12 Vitality of Lived Religion Approaches 91 Hans Gustafson 13 Empirical Approaches to Interreligious Relations 98 Ånund Brottveit 14 Ecumenical and Interreligious 107 Aaron T. Hollander 15 Places and Spaces of Encounter 119 Timothy Parker III Theological and Philosophical Considerations 127 16 Grist for Theological Mills 129 J. R. Hustwit 17 Dialogical Theology and Praxis 134 Wolfram Weisse 18 Interreligious Theology and Truth Seeking 141 Perry Schmidt-L eukel 19 Vivekananda’s Vision 147 Jeffery D. Long IV Contemporary Challenges 155 20 Decolonizing the Study of Religion 157 Kevin Minister 21 Decolonizing Interreligious Studies 164 Paul Hedges 22 Secular Imperatives 171 Kate McCarthy 23 (Neo)Liberal Challenges 178 Brian K. Pennington Contents vii 24 Complicating Religious Identity 185 Russell C. D. Arnold 25 In Reactionary Times 191 Rachel S. Mikva 26 Confronting Xenoglossophobia 199 Caryn D. Riswold and Guenevere Black Ford 27 Kairos Palestine and Autoimmune Rejection 205 Peter A. Pettit V Praxis and Possibility 211 28 Cross- Cultural Leadership as Interfaith Leadership 213 Barbara A. McGraw 29 Interreligious Empathy 223 Catherine Cornille 30 Howard Thurman’s Mentorship of Zalman Schachter- Shalomi 228 Or N. Rose 31 Peacebuilding 236 Navras J. Aafreedi 32 Nation Building 242 Asfa Widiyanto 33 Scholarship as Activism 249 Jeannine Hill Fletcher 34 Dialogue and Christian– Muslim Relations 254 Douglas Pratt 35 Gender and Christian– Muslim Relations 263 Deanna Ferree Womack 36 Conclusion 269 Hans Gustafson Contributors 273 Index 277 FOREWORD Anna Halafoff This impressive volume—a timely dispatch from what was certainly an emerg- ing field at the time that this edited collection was first conceived—r eports on the most salient contemporary issues in interreligious studies (IRS). These include debates concerning terminology and the status of the field; a shift from a focus on world religion to the complexities of embodied and lived religion; considerations of secular contexts and of the rise of the nonreligious; emic and/or etic differentiation, including scholar-a ctivist perspectives; the im- portance of sacred places and natural and built environments; interactive ap- proaches that consider the more than human lifeworld; the need to decolonize religious studies and IRS; and arguments for more engagement with critical and intersectional theories examining religions’ ambivalent roles in violence and peacebuilding. In so doing, this volume marks a significant moment for IRS, of an emerging field approaching maturity. Paul Numrich1 identified three criteria necessary to distinguish a distinct field of study: specialization, organization, and publication. This volume demonstrates that all three of these factors are now present in IRS. Contrib- utors to this collection include leaders in the field who have established or work in specific IRS departments or centers that provide specialized scholarly training in this area in Norway, the Netherlands, Germany, the United States, and Singapore. Professional associations such as the European Society for In- tercultural Theology and Interreligious Studies (ESITIS) and the American Academy of Religion’s Interreligious and Interfaith Studies Unit hold regu- lar meetings and conferences. An increasing amount of Ph.D. dissertations, ix