United Nations University Series on Regionalism 15 Frank Mattheis Andréas Litsegård Editors Interregionalism across the Atlantic Space United Nations University Series on Regionalism Volume 15 Series Editors Philippe De Lombaerde, NEOMA Business School, Rouen (France) and UNU-CRIS, Bruges (Belgium) Luk Van Langenhove, Grootseminarie, United Nations University CRIS, Bruges, Belgium International Editorial Board members include Louise Fawcett, Oxford University, UK Sieglinde Gstöhl, College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium Henryk Kierzkowski, Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland Fukunari Kimura, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan Edward D. Mansfield, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, US T. Ademola Oyejide, University of Ibadan, Nigeria Jacques Pelkmans, College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium Joaquin Roy, University of Miami, FL, US Ramón Torrent, University of Barcelona, Spain The United Nations University Series on Regionalism, launched by UNU-CRIS and Springer, offers a platform for innovative work on (supra-national) regionalism from a global and inter-disciplinary perspective. It includes the World Reports on Regional Integration, published in collaboration with other UN agencies, but it is also open for theoretical, methodological and empirical contributions from academics and policy-makers worldwide. Book proposals will be reviewed by an International Editorial Board. The series editors are particularly interested in book proposals dealing with: – comparative regionalism; – comparative work on regional organizations; – inter-regionalism; – the role of regions in a multi-level governance context; – the interactions between the UN and the regions; – the regional dimensions of the reform processes of multilateral institutions; – the dynamics of cross-border micro-regions and their interactions with supra- national regions; – methodological issues in regionalism studies. Accepted book proposals can receive editorial support from UNU-CRIS for the preparation of manuscripts. Please send book proposals to: [email protected] and lvanlangenhove@ cris.unu.edu. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/7716 Frank Mattheis • Andréas Litsegård Editors Interregionalism across the Atlantic Space Editors Frank Mattheis Andréas Litsegård Centre for the Study of Governance School of Global Studies Innovation University of Gothenburg University of Pretoria Gothenburg, Sweden Pretoria, South Africa Center for the Study of Governance Innovation University of Pretoria Pretoria, South Africa ISSN 2214-9848 ISSN 2214-9856 (electronic) United Nations University Series on Regionalism ISBN 978-3-319-62907-0 ISBN 978-3-319-62908-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-62908-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2017951859 © Springer International Publishing AG 2018 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by Springer Nature The registered company is Springer International Publishing AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Acknowledgements This edited volume constitutes one of the many results of ATLANTIC FUTURE, a research project funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme under the grant agreement no. 320091. The foremost acknowledgment thus goes to the steady support of the European Commission to academic research on regional- ism and interregionalism in a geographic area that has received less public and scholarly attention in the context of what has been predicted to become an ‘Asian Century’. The Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB) coordinated the ATLANTIC FUTURE project and its consortium of 13 research institutes from all Atlantic shores. CIDOB has been a dependable and supportive partner from the initial conception of the theme to the final delivery of the contributions. In particu- lar, Laia Tarragona, Paula de Castro and Jordi Bacaria are to be wholeheartedly thanked for their superb commitment to the project. Crucial to the Atlantic dimension and the collaborative nature of our endeavour were three project meetings and workshop sessions that took place in 2014 and 2015 at the University of Pretoria (South Africa), at the Fundação Getulio Vargas (Brazil) and at the University of Lisbon (Portugal). The key findings were first dis- seminated to the public at one of the ATLANTIC FUTURE’s final events in December 2015 at Johns Hopkins University (USA). All four hosting institutions excelled in organising the logistics and in facilitating an equally productive and enjoyable environment. Special thanks go to our project leader in Pretoria, Lorenzo Fioramonti, for his persistent encouragement and acumen throughout our work, as well as to the entire team at the Centre for the Study of Governance Innovation (GovInn) for their col- laboration and advice on all ends. Many thanks also need to be extended to the advisory board of the ATLANTIC FUTURE for their input at various stages and to the external and internal reviewers, who dedicated their time and expertise to pro- viding valuable criticism on draft chapters. The editorial team at our publisher is greatly appreciated for the final work on the manuscript. I express my personal thanks to Andréas for his diligent coediting that always took place in a context of dedicated collegiality and, more importantly, sincere v vi Acknowledgements friendship. Moreover, I acknowledge the support to my own work within the post- doc programme of the German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD). Finally, my greatest gratitude cannot but go to Gaia for her never-ending motivation and companionship. Johannesburg, South Africa Frank Mattheis March 2017 Contents 1 The Atlantic Space – A Region in the Making . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Andréas Litsegård and Frank Mattheis 2 Debunking Interregionalism: Concepts, Types and Critique – With a Pan-Atlantic Focus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Gian Luca Gardini and Andrés Malamud 3 V olatile Interregionalism: The Case of South Atlantic Relations . . . . 33 Frank Mattheis 4 A ctors and Opportunities: Interregional Processes Between the Arab Region and Latin America and the Caribbean . . . . . . . . . . 51 Anna Ayuso, Santiago Villar, Camila Pastor, and Miguel Fuentes 5 The EU and Africa: Regionalism and Interregionalism Beyond Institutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Nicoletta Pirozzi and Andréas Litsegård 6 Assessing Interregional Relations Between North America and Sub- Saharan Africa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 John Kotsopoulos and Madeleine Goerg 7 EU-Latin American Relations as a Template for Interregionalism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Anna Ayuso and Gian Luca Gardini 8 The North Atlantic: A Case of Bicontinental Regionalism . . . . . . . . . 131 Riccardo Alcaro and Patrick Reilly 9 Latin America’s Interregional Reconfiguration: The Beginning or the End of Latin America’s Continental Integration? . . . . . . . . . . 149 Paul Isbell and Kimberly Nolan García vii Contributors Riccardo Alcaro Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), Rome, Italy Anna Ayuso Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB), Barcelona, Spain Miguel Fuentes Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico City, Mexico Kimberly Nolan García Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico City, Mexico Gian Luca Gardini Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany Andréas Litsegård School of Global Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden Center for the Study of Governance Innovation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Madeleine Goerg German Marshall Fund of the United States, Brussels, Belgium Paul Isbell Center for Transatlantic Relations, Johns Hopkins University SAIS, Washington, DC, USA John Kotsopoulos Centre for the Study of Governance Innovation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Andrés Malamud Institute of Social Sciences of the University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal Frank Mattheis Centre for the Study of Governance Innovation, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Camila Pastor Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas (CIDE), Mexico City, Mexico ix x Contributors Nicoletta Pirozzi Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI), Rome, Italy Patrick Reilly German Marshall Fund, Washington, DC, USA Santiago Villar Barcelona Centre for International Affairs (CIDOB), Barcelona, Spain