Interpreting Slavery with Children and Teens at Museums and Historic Sites INTERPRETING HISTORY SERIES EDITOR Rebecca K. Shrum, Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis MANAGING EDITOR Aja Bain, AASLH EDITORIAL BOARD William Bomar, University of Alabama Museums Jessica Dorman, The Historic New Orleans Collection Harry Klinkhamer, Venice Museum & Archives Anne Lindsay, California State University Sacramento Laura Macaluso, Independent Ann McCleary, University of West Georgia Porchia Moore, Johns Hopkins University Debra Reid, The Henry Ford Laura Roberts, Roberts Consulting Kelby Rose, Independent Kimberly Springle, Charles Sumner School Museum and Archives William S. Walker, Cooperstown Graduate Program SUNY Oneonta About the Organization The American Association for State and Local History (AASLH) is a national history membership association headquartered in Nashville, Tennessee, that provides leadership and support for its members who preserve and interpret state and local history in order to make the past more meaningful to all people. AASLH members are leaders in preserving, researching, and interpreting traces of the American past to connect the people, thoughts, and events of yesterday with the creative memories and abiding concerns of people, com- munities, and our nation today. In addition to sponsorship of this book series, AASLH publishes History News magazine, a newsletter, technical leaflets and reports, and other materials; confers prizes and awards in recognition of outstanding achievement in the field; supports a broad education program and other activities designed to help members work more effectively; and advocates on behalf of the discipline of history. To join AASLH, go to www.aaslh.org or contact Membership Services, AASLH, 2021 21st Ave. South, Suite 320, Nashville, TN 37212. About the Series The American Association for State and Local History publishes the Interpreting History series in order to provide expert, in-depth guidance in interpretation for history profession- als at museums and historic sites. The books are intended to help practitioners expand their interpretation to be more inclusive of the range of American history. Books in this series help readers: • quickly learn about the questions surrounding a specific topic, • introduce them to the challenges of interpreting this part of history, and • highlight best practice examples of how interpretation has been done by different organizations. They enable institutions to place their interpretative efforts into a larger context, despite each having a specific and often localized mission. These books serve as quick references to practical considerations, further research, and historical information. Titles in the Series Interpreting Native American History and Culture at Museums and Historic Sites by Raney Bench Interpreting the Prohibition Era at Museums and Historic Sites by Jason D. Lantzer Interpreting African American History and Culture at Museums and Historic Sites by Max van Balgooy Interpreting LGBT History at Museums and Historic Sites by Susan Ferentinos Interpreting Slavery at Museums and Historic Sites by Kristin L. Gallas and James DeWolf Perry Interpreting Food at Museums and Historic Sites by Michelle Moon Interpreting Difficult History at Museums and Historic Sites by Julia Rose Interpreting American Military History at Museums and Historic Sites by Marc K. Blackburn Interpreting Naval History at Museums and Historic Sites by Benjamin J. Hruska Interpreting Anniversaries and Milestones at Museums and Historic Sites by Kimberly A. Kenney Interpreting American Jewish History at Museums and Historic Sites by Avi Y. Decter Interpreting Agriculture at Museums and Historic Sites by Debra A. Reid Interpreting Maritime History at Museums and Historic Sites by Joel Stone Interpreting the Civil War at Museums and Historic Sites edited by Kevin M. Levin Interpreting Immigration at Museums and Historic Sites edited by Dina A. Bailey Interpreting Religion at Museums and Historic Sites edited by Gretchen Buggeln and Barbara Franco Interpreting the Environment at Museums and Historic Sites by Debra A. Reid and David D. Vail Interpreting the Legacy of Women’s Suffrage at Museums and Historic Sites by Page Harrington Interpreting Slavery with Children and Teens at Museums and Historic Sites by Kristin L. Gallas Interpreting Slavery with Children and Teens at Museums and Historic Sites Kristin L. Gallas ROWMAN & LITTLEFIELD Lanham • Boulder • New York • London Published by Rowman & Littlefield An imprint of The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. 4501 Forbes Boulevard, Suite 200, Lanham, Maryland 20706 www .rowman .com 6 Tinworth Street, London SE11 5AL, United Kingdom Copyright © 2021 by The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any electronic or mechanical means, including information storage and retrieval systems, without written permission from the publisher, except by a reviewer who may quote passages in a review. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Information Available Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Gallas, Kris, author. Title: Interpreting slavery with children and teens at museums and historic sites / Kristin L. Gallas. Description: Lanham : Rowman & Littlefield, [2021] | Series: Interpreting history | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2021019543 (print) | LCCN 2021019544 (ebook) | ISBN 9781538100691 (cloth) | ISBN 9781538100707 (paperback) | ISBN 9781538100714 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Slavery in museum exhibits—United States. | Historic sites—Interpretive programs—United States. | Slavery—United States—Historiography. | Museums— Educational aspects—United States. | Museums and children—United States. Classification: LCC AM7 .G335 2021 (print) | LCC AM7 (ebook) | DDC 306.3/6207473—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021019543 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2021019544 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI/ NISO Z39.48-1992. To my colleagues in the museum, historic site, and public history field: Thank you for doing this important work, for giving voice to the long- silenced millions, for being respectful facilitators of student learning, and for being supportive of each other on this journey. Remember, “Not everything that is faced can be changed; but nothing can be changed until it is faced.” ~ James Baldwin Contents Foreword xi Acknowledgments xv Preface xvii CHAPTER 1 Race, Identity, and Historical Trauma 1 CHAPTER 2 (Re)Defining a Successful Experience 13 CHAPTER 3 Creating a Brave Space 27 CHAPTER 4 What Is Age Appropriate? 39 CHAPTER 5 Fostering Empathy 55 CHAPTER 6 Engagement Techniques 69 CHAPTER 7 Dialogue Techniques 87 CHAPTER 8 Staff Training and Support 97 CHAPTER 9 Engaging Teachers 117 Conclusion 129 Bibliography 131 Index 133 About the Author 135 ▲ ix