Interpersonal Communication PDF
Preview Interpersonal Communication
interpersonal ➁ K O R Y F L O Y D Published by McGraw-Hill, an imprint of Th e McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright © 2011, 2009. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written consent of Th e McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Th is book is printed on acid-free paper. Th is book was printed in the United States of America. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 RJE/RJE 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: 978-0-07-340675-6 (Student’s Edition) MHID: 0-07-340675-9 ISBN: 978-0-07-741005-6 (Instructor’s Edition) MHID: 0-07-74105-X Sponsoring Editor: Susan Gouijnstook Marketing Manager: Leslie Oberhuber Developmental Editors: Mikola De Roo and Sylvia Mallory Production Editor: Holly Irish Production Service: Th e Left Coast Group Manuscript Editor: Jennifer Gordon Designer: Cassandra Chu Text and Cover Designer: Linda Beaupre Photo Research: Jennifer Blankenship Buyer: Tandra Jorgensen Media Project Manager: Mathew Sletten Digital Product Manager: Janet Byrne Smith Composition: 10.5/12 Adobe Garamond by Th ompson Type Printing: 45# Liberty Dull, R. R. Donnelley & Sons/Jeff erson City Vice President Editorial: Michael Ryan Publisher: David Patterson Editorial Director: William Glass Director of Development: Rhona Robbin Credits: Th e credits section for this book begins on page C-1 and is considered an extension of the copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Floyd, Kory. Interpersonal communication / Kory Floyd. — 2nd ed. p. cm. ISBN: 978-0-07-340675-6 (Student’s Edition) MHID: 0-07-340675-9 1. Interpersonal communication. I. Title. BF637.C45F56 2011 153.6—dc23 2011032663 Th e Internet addresses listed in the text were accurate at the time of publication. Th e inclusion of a website does not indicate an endorsement by the authors or McGraw-Hill, and McGraw-Hill does not guarantee the accuracy of the information presented at these sites. .mhhe.com .................................................................. .......................................................... .................................................... ........................... ...................... .................................................................................. ......................... .................................................................................. ................................. .......................................... ..................................................... PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION PART 2 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN ACTION PART 3 DYNAMICS OF INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPS Glossary G-1 | Endnotes N-1 | Credits C-1 | I-1 Preface xiv PART 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION 1About How Culture Affects Communication 43 Individualism and Collectivism 44 Communication Low- and High-Context Cultures 45 3 Low- and High-Power-Distance Cultures 45 Masculine and Feminine Cultures 45 Why We Communicate 4 Monochronic and Polychronic Cultures 47 Communication Meets Physical Needs 4 Uncertainty Avoidance 47 Communication Meets Relational Needs 6 Cultural Communication Codes 48 Communication Fills Identity Needs 6 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 49 Communication M al Needs 7 Communicati strumental Needs 8 Understanding Gender and Communication 50 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 9 Gender Roles and Communication 52 Biological Sex and Communication 54 The Nature of Communication 9 Sexu entation and Communication 55 Three Models of Human Communication 9 Some Explanations for Gendered Communication 57 Six Characteristics of Communication 13 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 58 Dispelling Some Communication Myths 18 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 21 How Gender Affects Communication 59 Gender and Verbal Communication 59 How We Communicate Interpersonally 21 Gender and Nonverbal Communication 63 Char cs of Interpersonal Communication 21 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 66 Why Interpersonal Communication Matters 24 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 25 Master the Chapter 67 Key Terms 67 | Discussion Questions 68 | Building Your Communication Competence 25 68 | 69 What Communicating Competently Involves 26 Char cs of Competent Communicators 27 3Communication Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 31 Master the Chapter 31 and the Self 71 Key Terms 32 | Discussion Questions 32 | Practice Quiz 32 | 33 Understanding the Self: Self-Concept 72 What Is a Self-Concept? 72 2Culture and How a Self-Concept Develops 77 Awareness and Management of the Self-Concept 79 Gender 35 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 82 Valuing the Self: Self-Esteem 82 Understanding Culture and Communication 36 Benefi ts and Drawbacks of Self-Esteem 83 Defi ning Culture 36 Culture, Sex, and Self-Esteem 86 The Components of Culture 39 The Self and Interpersonal Needs 87 Cultures and Co-Cultures 41 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 88 Communicating with Cultural Awareness 42 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 43 Presenting the Self: Image Management 88 Principles of Image Management 89 Managing Face Needs 92 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 94 viii CONTENTS Communicating the Self: Self-Disclosure 94 4Interpersonal ciples of Self-Disclosure 95 Benefi ts of Self-Disclosure 99 Perception 107 Risks of Self-Disclosure 101 Risks of Disclosing Online 102 The Process of Perception 108 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 102 Interpersonal Perception Defi ned 108 Master the Chapter 103 Three Stages of the Perception Process 108 Key Terms 103 | Discussion Questions 104 | Infl uences on Perceptual Accuracy 113 Practice Quiz 104 | 105 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 115 Fundamental Forces in Interpersonal g Relies on Generalizations 116 s First Impressions 118 uences Impressions 118 al Set Limits What We Perceive 119 arrows Our Perspective 121 d Negativity Biases Affect Perception 122 Apply It Refl ect on It 124 e Perceive 124 g Behavior Through Attributions 124 g Common A on Errors 127 Apply It Refl ect on It 131 our Perceptual Abilities 131 dful of Your Perceptions 132 g Your Perceptions 134 Apply It Refl ect on It 138 139 139 | Discussion Questions 140 | 140 | 141 PART 2 INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS IN ACTION 5 Language The Use and Abuse of Language 161 143 Humor: What’s So Funny? 161 Euphemisms: So alk 161 Slang: The Language of Subcultures 163 The Nature of Language 144 Defamation: Harmful Words 164 Language Is Symbolic 145 Profanity: Offensive Language 165 Language Is Arbitr ostly) 145 Hate Speech: Profanity with a Hurtful Purpose 165 Language Is Governed by Rules 146 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 166 Language Has Layers of Meaning 147 Language Varies in Clarity 148 Impro our Language Use 167 Language Is Bound by Context and Culture 150 Consider th ou Wish to Create 167 Separate Opinions from Factual Claims 169 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 150 Speak at an Appropriate Level 171 Appreciating the Power of Words 151 Own Your Thoughts and Feelings 171 Naming Defi nes an entiates Us 152 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 173 We Use Words to Persuade 153 Credibility Empowers Us 156 Language Expr on and Intimacy 158 Words Provide Comf d Healing 159 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 161 CONTENTS ix Master the Chapter 173 7 Key Terms 174 | Discussion Questions 174 | Listening Practice Quiz 174 | 174 215 6Nonverbal The Nature of Listening 216 Communication What Is Listening? 216 177 Th ce of Listenin 218 Some Misconceptions About Listening 219 The Nature of Nonverbal Communication 178 Culture and Sex Affect Listening Behavior 221 What Is Nonverbal Communication? 178 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 221 Five Char cs of Nonverbal Communication 179 Ways of Listening 223 Functions of Nonverbal Communication 184 Stages of Effective Listening 223 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 190 Types of Listening 226 Ten Channels of Nonverbal Communication 190 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 228 Facial Displays 190 s to Effective Listening 228 Eye Behaviors 193 Noise 229 Movement and Gestures 194 Pseudolistening and Selective Attention 229 Touch Behaviors 194 Information Overload 230 Vocal Behaviors 194 Glazing Over 232 The Use of Smell 199 Rebuttal Tendency 232 The Use of Space 199 Closed-Mindedness 233 Physical Appearance 200 Competitive Interrupting 233 The Use of Time 201 The Use o acts 202 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 234 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 203 Becoming a Better Listener 234 Becoming a Better Informational Listener 235 Culture, Sex, and Nonverbal Communication 203 Becomin cal Listener 237 Culture Infl uences Nonverbal Communication 203 Becoming a Better Empathic Listener 239 Sex Infl uences Nonverbal Communication 206 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 241 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 206 Master the Chapter 241 Improving Your Nonverbal Communication Key Terms 242 | Discussion Questions 242 | Skills 207 242 | 243 Interpreting Nonverbal Communication 207 Expressing Nonverbal Messages 209 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 211 8 Emotion Master the Chapter 211 245 Key Terms 212 | Discussion Questions 212 | Practice Quiz 212 | 213 sonal Communication 246 What Is an Emotion? 246 Joyful/Affectionate Emotions: Happiness, Love, Passion, and Liking 247 Hostile Emotions: Anger, Contempt, Disgust, Jealousy, and Envy 249 Sad/Anxious Emotions: Sadness, Depressi ef, Fear, and Social Anxiety 251 Learn It Apply It Refl ect on It 254 x CONTENTS
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