Internet Exchange Point Design PDF
Preview Internet Exchange Point Design
Internet Exchange Point Design ISP/IXP Workshops 1 Last updated 23rd March 2015 IXP Design Background p Why set up an IXP? p Layer 2 Exchange Point p Design Considerations p Route Collectors & Servers p What can go wrong? p 2 A bit of history Where did the IX concept come from? 3 A Bit of History… NSFnet – one major backbone p US “National Science Foundation” funded n Connected academic & research institutions n Also connected “private company” networks, with n acceptable use policy AUP: No commercial activity p Three Network Access Points (NAPs): Chicago, New n York, San Francisco Private companies needed to interconnect their p networks Requirement to send “commercial traffic” n Could not cross NSFnet n Resulted in the early “commercial Internet Exchanges” n 4 More History… Early Internet Exchanges created in early 90s p CIX-West – west coast USA n MAE-East – east coast USA n D-GIX – Stockholm n End of the NSFnet in 1995: p Meant move towards commercial Internet n Private companies selling their bandwidth n ANS (operator of the late NSFnet) had to join IXes n Routing Arbiter project helped with coordination p of routing exchange between providers Traffic from ISP A needs to get to ISP B n 5 More History still… The NAPs established late in NSFnet life were p some of the original “exchange points” NAP operators supported commercial activities as well n (Sprint: NY, PacBell: SF, Ameritech: Chicago, MFS: n Vienna/VA) The NAPs replaced by IXPs: p NAPs didn’t succeed (operated by ISPs), replaced by n more neutral IXPs E.g. Virginia NAP replaced by MAE-East (by MFS) n Mid 90s saw rapid Internet growth, with major p providers connecting… 6 Even more History D-GIX formed in Stockholm in 1992 p Three major ISPs interconnected n Latency reduction, performance gains n Local traffic stays local n LINX formed in London in 1994 p Five UK operators interconnected n Latency reduction, performance gains n Local traffic stays local n HKIX formed in Hong Kong in 1995 p Vibrant Internet community, many small operators n Latency, performance, and local traffic benefits n Also AMS-IX in Amsterdam in 1994 p Same reasons as others 7 n Internet Exchange Point What: p A neutral location where network operators freely n interconnect their networks to exchange traffic What is the physical IX: p An ethernet switch in a neutral location n How does it work: p IX Operator provides the switch and rack space n Network Operators bring routers, and interconnect them n via the IX fabric Very simple concept – any place where providers p meet to exchange traffic 8 Internet Exchange Point Layer 2 exchange point p Ethernet (100Gbps/10Gbps/1Gbps/100Mbps) n Older technologies used in the past included n ATM, Frame Relay, SRP, FDDI and SMDS Layer 3 exchange point p Has historical status now n Router based n Best known example was CIX-West p Router very quickly overwhelmed by the rapid growth p of the Internet 9 Why an Internet Exchange Point? Saving money, improving QoS, Generating a local Internet economy 10
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