Internationalising Higher Education and the Role of Virtual Exchange PDF
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INTERNATIONALISING HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL EXCHANGE This volume introduces Virtual Exchange (VE) as an innovative form of online intercultural learning and investigates the myriad of ways VE is being carried out across universities, ultimately arguing for its integration into university internationalisation policies and course curricula. Against the backdrop of increased digitalisation initiatives throughout universities given the effects of the pandemic, chapters focus not only on providing new research findings, but also on providing a comprehensive introduction and argumentation for the use of VE in university education and also in demonstrating how it can be put into use by both university decision-makers and educators. Reviewing the limitations of the activity, this timely work also fundamentally posits how VE and blended mobility more broadly could be developed in future higher education initiatives. This book will be of interest to researchers, academics, scholars, and students involved with Open & Distance Education and eLearning, approaches to internationalisation in education, and the study of higher education more broadly. Those interested in innovative methods for teaching and learning, as well as educational research, will also benefit from this volume. Robert O’Dowd is Associate Professor in the Department of Modern Languages at the University of León, Spain. Routledge Research in Higher Education Supporting Student and Faculty Wellbeing in Graduate Education Teaching, Learning, Policy, and Praxis Snežana Obradović-Ratković, Mirjana Bajovic, Ayse Pinar Sen, Vera Woloshyn, Michael Savage Optimising the Third Space in Higher Education Case Studies of Intercultural and Cross-Boundary Collaboration Natalia Veles How Organisational Change Influences Academic Work The Academic Predicament Model for a Conducive Work Environment Sureetha De Silva, Donna Pendergast and Christopher Klopper University Autonomy Decline Causes, Responses, and Implications for Academic Freedom Kirsten Roberts Lyer, Ilyas Saliba and Janika Spannagel The Experience of Examining the PhD An International Comparative Study of Processes and Standards of Doctoral Examination Edited by Michael Byram and Maria Stoicheva Internationalising Higher Education and the Role of Virtual Exchange Robert O’Dowd For more information about this series, please visit: www.routledge.com/Routledge- Research-in-Higher-Education/book-series/RRHE INTERNATIONALISING HIGHER EDUCATION AND THE ROLE OF VIRTUAL EXCHANGE Robert O’Dowd Designed cover image: © Getty Images First published 2023 by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN and by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 Robert O’Dowd The right of Robert O’Dowd to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: O’Dowd, Robert, 1972– author. Title: Internationalising higher education and the role of virtual exchange / Robert O’Dowd. Other titles: Internationalizing higher education and the role of virtual exchange Description: Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2023. | Series: Routledge research in higher education | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2022035098 (print) | LCCN 2022035099 (ebook) | ISBN 9781138228061 (hardback) | ISBN 9781032419213 (paperback) | ISBN 9781315393704 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Virtual exchange (Education) | Education, Higher—Effect of technological innovations on. | International education. | Multicultural education. | Education and globalization. Classification: LCC LB2375 .O33 2023 (print) | LCC LB2375 (ebook) | DDC 378/.0162—dc23/eng/20221028 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022035098 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2022035099 ISBN: 978-1-138-22806-1 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-41921-3 (pbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-39370-4 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9781315393704 Typeset in Bembo by Apex CoVantage, LLC This book is dedicated to the memory of my parents, my brother Des O’Dowd and my sister Anne Clinch. It is also dedicated to my beautiful family in Spain—Susana, Marta, Tristan and Olivia. CONTENTS Preface x Acknowledgements xii 1 Introduction 1 COVID-19 and an opportunity for change in international education 1 Who is this book for? 4 How the book is organised 5 Bibliography 6 2 Definitions and origins of Virtual Exchange 8 Issues of terminology 8 What is Virtual Exchange? 10 What is virtual mobility? 13 What is blended mobility? 18 What is the process of internationalisation in higher education? 22 The origins and growth of Virtual Exchange 22 Theoretical underpinnings of Virtual Exchange 27 Conclusion 32 Bibliography 33 3 University internationalisation and developing global citizenship 38 Introduction 38 Internationalising university education 38 viii Contents Implementing internationalisation 41 Internationalisation at Home and Internationalisation of the Curriculum 43 The role of Virtual Exchange in university internationalisation 45 Global citizenship as an outcome of international education 48 Conclusion 64 Bibliography 64 4 An overview of approaches to Virtual Exchange 69 Introduction 69 Class to class Virtual Exchange 71 Class to world Virtual Exchange 85 Externalised models of Virtual Exchange 87 Combining Virtual Exchange and physical mobility 91 Conclusion 94 Bibliography 96 5 Impact and learning outcomes of Virtual Exchange 102 Introduction 102 Learning from Virtual Exchange 105 What factors are key to learning in Virtual Exchange? 109 Limitations in Virtual Exchange research 112 Conclusion 113 Bibliography 114 6 Towards an effective methodology of Virtual Exchange 117 Introduction 117 Integrate Virtual Exchange and blended mobility into the curriculum 118 Develop rich intercultural learning opportunities 119 Integrate reflection with interaction 122 An equilibrium in communication modes 123 Support students’ foreign language needs 125 Conclusion 126 Bibliography 126 7 The role of international offices in Virtual Exchange 129 Introduction 129 Integrate VE with the institutional strategy for internationalisation 132 Establishing working groups for VE and blended mobility 133 Contents ix Explain the concept of VE to local teaching faculty 134 Identify and/or establish networks for partner finding 134 Link VE with teacher promotion and recognition of innovation 135 Conclusion 136 Bibliography 136 8 Looking to the future of Virtual Exchange in university education 138 Introduction 138 Guiding principles moving forward 139 Limitations to Virtual Exchange 142 Next steps 144 Conclusion 146 Bibliography 146 Index 148
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