International Response to Infectious Salmon Anemia: Prevention, Control, and Eradication

212 Pages·2003·1.13 MB·English

International Response
United States
Department of
Agriculture
to Infectious Salmon
Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection Anemia: Prevention,
Service
United States
Control, and Eradication
Department of
the Interior
U.S. Geological
Survey
United States
Department of
Commerce
National Marine
Fisheries Service
Technical
Bulletin No. 1902
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Product names are mentioned solely to report factually on available
data and to provide specific information.
Photo credits: The background illustration on the front cover was
supplied as a photo micrograph by Michael Opitz, of the University
of Maine, and is reproduced by permission. The line art of salmon
came from the 1973 book “The Salmon: Their Fight for Survival,” by
Anthony Netboy. Houghton Mifflin Company is the copyright holder
on the line art, which is reproduced by permission. Images inside
the proceedings were supplied by the senior authors. For reproduc-
tion rights, please consult each senior author using contact
information in appendix 1, “Authors’ Affiliations.”
Issued April 2003
International Response
United States
Department of
Agriculture
to Infectious Salmon
Animal and
Plant Health
Inspection Anemia: Prevention,
Service
United States
Control, and Eradication
Department of
the Interior
U.S. Geological
Survey
United States
Proceedings of a Symposium
Department of
Commerce
New Orleans, LA
National Marine
September 3–4, 2002
Fisheries Service
Technical
Bulletin No. 1902
Otis Miller, D.V.M., M.S., and
Rocco C. Cipriano, Ph.D.,
Technical Coordinators1
1Dr. Miller is a senior staff veterinarian and national aquaculture coordinator with the USDA–Animal
and Plant Health Inspection Service’s Veterinary Services in Riverdale, MD. Dr. Cipriano is senior
research microbiologist with the USDI–U.S. Geological Survey National Fish Health Research
Laboratory in Kearneysville, WV.
i
Suggested citation for the book, using the bibliographic style of the American National
Standards Institute:
Miller, Otis; Cipriano, Rocco C., tech. coords. 2003. International response to infectious
salmon anemia: prevention, control, and eradication: proceedings of a symposium; 3–4
September 2002; New Orleans, LA. Tech. Bull. 1902. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of
Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S.
Geological Survey; U.S. Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service. 194 p.
ii
Letter of Transmittal
The suppression of infectious salmon anemia (ISA) is key to protecting
aquaculture, the fastest growing segment of the U.S. agricultural economy.
Government stewards of the salmon resource of the North Atlantic must
communicate and cooperate to eradicate ISA before it becomes endemic.
Sharing the science already learned by researchers in Scandinavia and
the United Kingdom is essential to developing an effective management
strategy.
Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman acknowledged the importance
of ISA when she authorized the expenditure of $8 million in fiscal years
2002 and 2003 to control and eradicate the disease. APHIS received
pass-through funding for ISA research and control efforts in December
2001 and, in spring 2002, put into place program standards to eradicate
the disease.
In September 2002, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s Animal and
Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) hosted a symposium on ISA with
assistance from the U.S. Department of the Interior’s U.S. Geological
Survey and the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Marine Fish-
eries Service. The American Veterinary Medical Association supplied
organizational expertise as well. This 2-day event was held in connection
with the International Symposium on Aquatic Animal Health in New
Orleans. These symposium proceedings capture not only the formal
scientific presentations but also a court reporter’s transcript of the
informal presentations at the end of the second day, which addressed
real-world considerations for ISA prevention, control, and eradication.
Given the importance of the information shared at the meeting,
APHIS staff members have pulled out all the stops to produce this book in
8 months. Once our supply of free copies is exhausted, copies can be
purchased from the U.S. Department of Commerce’s National Technical
Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA 22161. Also,
a .pdf version will be placed on the Web site of APHIS’ Veterinary
Services at <http://www.aphis.usda.gov/vs/aquaculture>.
I hope you find the information presented at the conference as useful
as I did.
W. Ron DeHaven
Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services
Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
U.S. Department of Agriculture
Washington, DC
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Foreword
On behalf of Secretary of Agriculture Ann Veneman, APHIS Administrator
Bobby Acord, and the Deputy Administrator for Veterinary Services, Ron
DeHaven, thanks for your interest in learning more about infectious
salmon anemia (ISA). This book documents the scientific papers
presented at a 2-day symposium held September 3–4, 2002, in New
Orleans, LA, during the weeklong meeting of the International Symposium
on Aquatic Animal Health. In addition to 18 formal scientific presenta-
tions, we have captured comments from individuals who spoke briefly
during an open forum held at the end of day 2 of the symposium. While
the formal presentations were submitted in advance and put through
rigorous peer review, the forum talks were not vetted or corrected, other
than for clarity. We took the precaution of using a local court reporter to
capture the forum talks verbatim since those speakers were not required
to submit manuscripts.
The meeting itself was structured to provide an international
response to ISA using the themes of prevention, control, and eradication.
Four moderators introduced the main subject topics and the speakers’
presentations in the areas of international applied research response,
diagnostic and laboratory response, management response, and regula-
tory response. Our speakers provided the most current international
knowledge on the extent of ISA infection in various countries, including
the number of salmon farms affected, depopulation statistics, and related
issues such as indemnification, regulation, and management. Also
covered were effective and ineffective management procedures, projected
outcomes of procedures in current use, and new developments in applied
ISA science and research, including diagnostics and prevention.
Presenters represented five countries: Canada, Chile, Norway,
Scotland, and the United States. When the number of speakers reached
19, we split the meeting into 2 sessions on successive days. The second
day culminated in a panel discussion entitled Practical Future Consider-
ations for ISA Prevention, Control, and Eradication. This open forum was
designed to allow audience participation and permit ISA experts not on
the official agenda to address topics of interest.
It always takes a team of workers to organize and execute a meeting
like ours and to bring its results to printed form afterward. We will give
you more particulars on this process and identify all the major players in
the Acknowledgments section immediately following this Foreword.
Should you wish to contact any speakers or forum participants for
more details, appendixes 1 and 2 provide complete contact information.
iv
We look forward to working with you in helping the aquaculture
industries and natural-resource agencies manage ISA. The symposium
held in New Orleans was an important national and international step in
coming to grips with this significant aquatic animal health threat.
Otis Miller, Jr., D.V.M., M.S.
National Aquaculture Coordinator
Chair, ISA Symposium Planning Committee
USDA–APHIS–Veterinary Services
Riverdale, MD
Rocco C. Cipriano
Senior Research Microbiologist
U.S. Department of the Interior
U.S. Geological Survey
National Fish Health Research Laboratory
Kearneysville, WV
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Acknowledgments
The Veterinary Services unit of USDA’s APHIS, the U.S. Geological
Survey, the National Marine Fisheries Service, and Interior’s U.S. Fish and
Wildlife Service at the Federal level—along with Maine’s Department of
Marine Resources at the State level—are hard at work to ensure a
successful prevention, control, and eradication program to manage
infectious salmon anemia (ISA) in the United States. Similar efforts are
being mounted in Canada, Scotland, and Norway, all of which suffered
ISA outbreaks before the disease came to U.S. waters.
APHIS supports an integrated approach that uses the expertise of all
relevant Federal agencies, States, and Canadian Provinces, as well as
industry stakeholders in an international partnership for development and
implementation of programs involving aquaculture. Because ISA
represents a disease threat to the salmon industry on both sides of the
Atlantic, integrating the scientific and regulatory response to this disease
across national borders is extremely important. The creation of the first
international symposium on ISA held in the United States is an initial step
in acknowledging that this disease is everybody’s issue. We [Otis Miller
and Rocco Cipriano] organized the symposium but not in a vacuum. We
gratefully acknowledge the expertise and cooperation of the Office
International des Epizooties (Paris), the American Veterinary Medical
Association (headquartered in Schaumburg, IL), the Canada Department
of Fisheries and Oceans, the Norwegian Animal Health Authority,
Scotland’s famous marine research lab in Aberdeen, aquaculture units in
the Provincial Governments of New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island,
and the Maine Aquaculture Association in supplying experts for the
podium.
Rocco Cipriano provided yeoman service in the summer of 2002 in
setting up a peer-review process for all the manuscripts formally
presented. Keeping track of the peer reviewers’ comments and making
sure that speakers took those comments into account in revising their
contributions before the meeting in September was a gargantuan task.
Some readers may not understand that Rocco’s role as a “Technical
Coordinator” for the book far exceeds that of an editor. He also served as
the official reviewer of the entire text for the U.S. Geological Survey. We
could not have made this proceedings without his help before, during, and
after the meeting itself.
The following individuals also worked on putting together the
program:
■ Peter Merrill, D.V.M., MicroTechnologies, Inc., Richmond, ME
■ Jill Rolland, fisheries biologist with USDA–APHIS–Veterinary Services,
Riverdale, MD
■ Alasdair McVicar, Ph.D., DFO, Aquaculture and Fish Health, Ottawa, ON
vi
■ David Scarfe, D.V.M., Ph.D., assistant director of scientific activities with
the American Veterinary Medical Association, Schaumburg, IL
■ Kevin Amos, Ph.D., national fish health coordinator for the U.S.
Department of Commerce’s National Marine Fisheries Service, Olympia,
WA
■ Jim Winton, Ph.D., chief of the fish health section at the U.S. Geological
Survey’s Western Fisheries Research Center, Seattle, WA
■ Gilles Olivier, Ph.D., Canada Department of Fisheries and Oceans,
Ottawa, ON
The following individuals helped by volunteering to act as moderators
for the four subsections of the program:
■ David Scarfe, D.V.M., Ph.D.
■ Laura Brown, Ph.D., group leader of genome sciences, National
Research Council of Canada, Halifax, NS
■ Paul J. Midtlyng, D.V.M., Ph.D., VESO, Oslo, NO
■ Carey Cunningham, Ph.D., Fisheries Research Services Marine
Laboratory, Aberdeen, UK
■ Patricia Barbash, fishery biologist, USDI U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,
Northeast Fisheries Research Center, Lamar, PA
Patricia Barbash and Kevin Amos also provided interagency review of the
entire text outside USDA.
Behind the scenes, the following individuals worked on preparing the
book for publication:
■ Janet S. Wintermute, writer/editor, USDA–APHIS–Legislative and Public
Affairs, Riverdale, MD
■ Heather Curlett, designer, USDA Design Division, Beltsville, MD
■ Jill Rolland and Bronte Williams, manuscript traffic and preparation,
USDA–APHIS–Veterinary Services, Riverdale, MD
■ Anita McGrady, printing specialist, USDA–APHIS–Legislative and Public
Affairs, Washington, DC
Their single-minded dedication to this project is the reason APHIS
was able to issue the proceedings in 8 months.
In closing, the fourth International Symposium on Aquatic Animal
Health was a highly approriate setting for a symposium on ISA. If it were
not for the unselfish efforts of the organizer of the symposium on aquatic
animal health, Dr. Ron Thune, as well as the program chairs, Drs. John
Hawke and Jerome La Peyre, APHIS could not have held this meeting.
vii
And since money drives all endeavors, and bookmaking is no exception,
now is the time to acknowledge financial contributions from APHIS, the
National Marine Fisheries Service, and the U.S. Geological Survey.
I hope you will find that this book enhances your understanding of
ISA and supports you in your commitment to help the scientific community
deal with it.
—Otis Miller, Jr., D.V.M., M.S.
National Aquaculture Coordinator
USDA–APHIS–Veterinary Services
4700 River Road, Unit 46
Riverdale, MD 20737
(301) 734–6188
[email protected]
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