International Relations: Perspectives, Controversies and Readings

386 Pages·2015·7.297 MB·English

by  Keith L. Shimko

Fifth
Edition
International Relations
Perspectives, Controversies & Readings
Keith L. Shimko
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Brief Contents
Preface: For the Instructor xi
Introduction for the Student: Why Study International
Relations? xvii
Chapter 1 Change and Continuity in International History 1
Chapter 2 Contending Perspectives on International Politics 33
Chapter 3 Power Politics 57
Chapter 4 War and Democracy 81
Chapter 5 War and “Human Nature” 107
Chapter 6 Free Trade 133
Chapter 7 The IMF, Global Inequality, and Development 161
Chapter 8 Globalization and Sovereignty 185
Chapter 9 International Law 211
Chapter 10 The United Nations and Humanitarian Intervention 237
Chapter 11 Nuclear Proliferation 265
Chapter 12 International Terrorism 291
Chapter 13 The Global Commons 317
Index 349 iii
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Contents
Preface: For the Instructor xi
Introduction for the Student: Why Study International Relations? xvii
P A R T 1 History and Perspectives
Chapter 1 Change and Continuity in International History 1
Change and Continuity 1
The Emergence of the Modern State System 2
The Commercial Revolution 4 The Gunpowder
Revolution 5 The Protestant Reformation 5
The Age of Absolutism and Limited War (1648–1789) 6
The Age of Revolutions (1789–1914) 7
The American and French Revolutions 8 The Meaning of
Nationalism 10 The Industrial Revolution 12 The Road to
War 16
The Age of Total War (1914–1945) 16
The Road to War (Again) 19 The Next “Great War” 21
The Cold War (1945–1989) 22
The Cold War Begins: Conflict and Containment 23 The Cold War
Expands 24 Easing the Cold War 25 The Resurgence and End
of the Cold War 25 The Curious Peace of the Cold War 26
The Post–Cold War World 28
v
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vi Contents
Chapter 2 Contending Perspectives on International Politics 33
Many Questions, Even More Answers 33
Realism 34
Liberalism, Idealism, and Liberal Internationalism 38
Marxism 41
Feminism 45
Constructivism 49
Perspectives and Levels of Analysis 51
Conclusion 51
P A R T 2 Controversies
Chapter 3 Power Politics 57
Key Controversy Does International Anarchy Lead to War? 57
Peace Through Strength? 58
There Is No Alternative to Power Politics 59
Anarchy Leads to Power Politics 59 Power Politics I: The Balance of
Power 60 Power Politics II: Balance of Threat Theory 62
Power Politics III: Preponderance Theory 64 The Common Vision
of Power Politics 65
Alternatives to Power Politics 65
World Government? 65 Collective Security 66 Security Amidst
Anarchy 69
Conclusion 71
POINTS OFVIEW The Consequences of China’s Rise 75
Chapter 4 War and Democracy 81
Key Controversy Are Democracies More Peaceful? 81
The Sources of Democratic Peacefulness 83
What Is “Democracy”? 87 The Evidence 88
Are Democracies Really Any Different? 90
No Democratic Wars—So What? 90 Empirical Fact or Definitional
Artifact? 90 Cause or Coincidence? 93 Democratization Versus
Democracy 95
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Contents vii
Conclusion 95
POINTSOF VIEW Would Democracy Bring Peace to the Middle East? 100
Chapter 5 War and “Human Nature” 107
Key Controversy Is War Part of Human Nature? 107
Aggression, Instincts, and War 108
The “Functions” of Aggression 109 The Curse of Intelligence:
Weapons 110 The Curse of Intelligence: Abstract Thought 112
Culture, Social Learning, and War 114
Peaceful Societies 114 The Reluctance to Kill 115
War Is Violence, Not “Aggression” 116
Social Learning and Conditioning 118 Are People Peaceful? 120
Conclusion 121
POINTSOF VIEW Are People (or Men) “Hard-Wired” for War? 126
Chapter 6 Free Trade 133
Key Controversy Does Free Trade Benefit All? 133
The Liberal International Economic Order 134
The Case for Free Trade 135
The Origins of Free Trade 136 Free Trade Within Nations, Free
Trade Among Nations 138 The Primacy of the Consumer 138
Contemporary Challenges to Free Trade 139
What’s Wrong with Free Trade 141
More Efficient, But So What? 142 Free Trade Within Nations, Free
Trade Among Nations 143 Consumers and the Nation 146
Fair Trade or Free Trade? 148
Conclusion 149
POINTSOF VIEW Should Free Trade Be Replaced with Fair Trade? 154
Chapter 7 The IMF, Global Inequality, and Development 161
Key Controversy What Are the Obstacles to Development? 161
From Decolonization to Structural Adjustment 162
Structural Adjustment: Cure and Diagnosis 164
The IMF and Neoliberalism 164
Growth Is Possible: The Market and Development 166
The (Neo)liberal Vision 170
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viii Contents
Neoliberalism as Neoimperialism 170
The Political Economy of Dependence and Exploitation 171
The Failure of Structural Adjustment 172 The Hypocrisy of
Neoliberalism: Do as We Say, Not as We Did 174
Conclusion 175
POINTS OFVIEW Does Foreign Aid Promote Development? 180
Chapter 8 Globalization and Sovereignty 185
Key Controversy Is Globalization a Threat to National Sovereignty? 185
What Is at Stake 187
The Vision of a Borderless World 187
Ending the Tyranny of Location 188 The Mobility of Capital 189
The Race to the Bottom 190
The Myth(s) of Globalization 193
Location Still Matters 193 The Myth of a Borderless World 194
The Myth of a Race to the Bottom 195
Conclusion 197
Realist Skepticism 197 Liberal Optimism 199 Marxist
Resistance 200 Hopes and Fears 201
POINTS OFVIEW What to Do About the Race to the Bottom? 205
Chapter 9 International Law 211
Key Controversy Does International Law Matter? 211
What Is International Law, and Where Does It Come
From? 212
The Weakness of International Law 215
Vague and Conflicting Obligations 215 No Effective Legal
System 216 Law and Power 219
The Enduring Value of International Law 220
The False Lessons of Spectacular Failures 220 States Usually Abide
by International Law 222 Why Do States Abide by International
Law? 222 Liberalism and the Promise of International Law 224
Constructivism, Law, Norms, and the National Interest 226
Conclusion 227
POINTS OFVIEW Should the International Criminal Court Deal with the
Syrian Conflict? 231
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