International Organizations and Lifelong Learning: From Global Agendas to Policy Diffusion (Transformations of the State)

244 Pages·2009·1.71 MB·English

by  Anja P. Jakobi

Transformations of the State
Series Editors: Achim Hurrelmann, Carleton University, Canada; Stephan Leibfried,
University of Bremen,Germany; Kerstin Martens, University of Bremen, Germany;
Peter Mayer, University of Bremen, Germany.
Titles include:
Joan DeBardeleben and Achim Hurrelmann (editors)
DEMOCRATIC DILEMMAS OF MULTILEVEL GOVERNANCE
Legitimacy, Representation and Accountability in the European Union
Klaus Dingwerth
THE NEW TRANSNATIONALISM
Transnational Governance and Democratic Legitimacy
Achim Hurrelmann, Steffen Schneider and Jens Steffek (editors)
LEGITIMACY IN AN AGE OF GLOBAL POLITICS
Achim Hurrelmann, Stephan Leibfried, Kerstin Martens and Peter Mayer (editors)
TRANSFORMING THE GOLDEN-AGE NATION STATE
Anja P. Jakobi
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND LIFELONG LEARNING
From Global Agendas to Policy Diffusion
Kerstin Martens, Alessandra Rusconi and Kathrin Leuze (editors)
NEW ARENAS OF EDUCATION GOVERNANCE
The Impact of International Organizations and Markets on Educational Policy Making
Thomas Rixen
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF INTERNATIONAL TAX GOVERNANCE
Peter Starke
RADICAL WELFARE STATE RETRENCHMENT
A Comparative Analysis
Jens Steffek, Claudia Kissling, Patrizia Nanz (editors)
CIVIL SOCIETY PARTICIPATION IN EUROPEAN AND GLOBAL GOVERNANCE
A Cure for the Democratic Deficit?
Michael J. Warning
TRANSNATIONAL PUBLIC GOVERNANCE
Networks, Law and Legitimacy
Hartmut Wessler, Bernhard Peters, Michael Brűggemann, Katharina Kleinen-von
Kőnigslőw, Stefanie Sifft
TRANSNATIONALIZATION OF PUBLIC SPHERES
Hartmut Wessler (editor)
PUBLIC DELIBERATION AND PUBLIC CULTURE
The Writings of Bernhard Peters, 1993–2005
Jochen Zimmerman, Jörg R. Werner, Philipp B. Volmer
GLOBAL GOVERNANCE IN ACCOUNTING
Public Power and Private Commitment
Transformations of the State
Series Standing Order ISBN 978–1–4039–8544–6 (hardback) 978–1–4039–8545–3
(paperback)
You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order.
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This illustration is taken from the original etching in Thomas Hobbes’ Leviathan
of 1651.Palgrave Macmillan and the editors are grateful to Lucila Muñoz-Sanchez
and Monika Sniegs for their help in redesigning the original to illustrate what
“transformations of the state” might mean.The inscription at the top of the ori-
ginal frontispiece reads “non est potestas Super Terram quae Comparetur ei” (Job
41.33): “there is no power on earth which can be compared to him”.In the Bible,
this refers to the sea-monster, Leviathan. (Original Leviathan image reprinted
courtesy of the British Library.)
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International Organizations
and Lifelong Learning
From Global Agendas to
Policy Diffusion
Anja P. Jakobi
Senior Researcher, TranState Research Centre
University of Bremen, Germany
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© Anja P. Jakobi 2009
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this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
First published 2009 by
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ISBN: 978–0–230–57936–1 hardback
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For Christopher
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Contents
List of Tables ix
List of Figures x
List of Abbreviations xi
Series Editors’ Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
1 Introduction: The Global Interest in Education Policy 1
Getting started: International organizations and the
internationalization of public policy 3
Global policy development: World politics reconsidered 5
The big picture: World society and the global
diffusion of ideas 8
The case study: Education policy and the rise of lifelong
learning 11
The plan of the book 13
2 Tracing Global Governance: Policy Development
in an International Arena 17
Sociological institutionalism and world politics 19
The role of international organizations 29
Global policy development 37
Conclusion: Global policy development and international
organizations 46
3 World Time: International Developments in
Education Policy from the 1970s to the 1990s 49
The growing importance of international organizations 50
The economic importance of lifelong learning 55
Education and the knowledge-based society 60
Conclusion: A window of opportunity in the 1990s 63
4 World Action: International Networks for
Promoting Lifelong Learning 66
The traditional education organization: UNESCO 67
Worldwide acknowledged activities: The OECD 75
vii
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viii Contents
Education and development: The World Bank 81
Education and work: The International Labor Organization 85
Regional diffusion: The European Union and partners 89
Building bridges and promoting change: Transnational
activities 96
Conclusion: Exchanges, interactions and references 101
5 Consequences: National Lifelong Learning Agendas 104
Lifelong learning globally 106
Outlining change: Europe 119
Establishing markets: Asia and Oceania 125
Different public investment: The Americas 132
Preparing the ground: Africa 139
Conclusion: Leaders, laggards and very different approaches 145
6 Implications: A Tool for Progress and a
Symbol of Modernity 148
International organizations and their effects on
education policy 149
The global knowledge society: An imagined community 156
Societal and individual implications of lifelong
learning policies 158
Conclusion: The norm of lifelong learning 160
7 Conclusions: Studying Global Policy Development 163
The spread of lifelong learning 164
The future of internationalized education policy 167
Globalization and state interest 169
Further research on world society and global policy-making 174
Annex 1: Additional Information – Chapter 4 176
Annex 2: Additional Information – Chapter 5 177
Annex 3: Methodology 182
Annex 4: Definition of Independent Variables 185
Notes 189
References 197
Index 223
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Tables
2.1 Governance instruments of international organizations 36
4.1 Major UNESCO activities concerning lifelong learning 74
4.2 Major OECD activities concerning lifelong learning 81
4.3 European activities linked to lifelong learning 94
5.1 Diffusion of the idea of lifelong learning 1996–2004 107
5.2 The diffusion of national qualification frameworks
1990–2004 112
5.3 Number of lifelong learning reforms 1996–2004 117
5.4 G ross enrolment rates and school life expectancy
1999 and 2005 118
5.5 Private enrolment as percentage of total enrolment 132
5.6 Financing of education in 1999 and 2005 138
5.7 Development of adult literacy 144
6.1 Instruments for the diffusion of lifelong learning 150
6.2 Correlations of lifelong learning, organizational linkages
and national preconditions 152
6.3 Variables influencing the diffusion of the idea worldwide 154
6.4 Correlations of organizational linkages and different areas 155
6.5 The influence of organizational linkages and higher national
income on reforms linked to lifelong learning worldwide 156
A.1 Number of NGOs active in promoting lifelong learning
1970–2003/04 176
A.2 Systematizing lifelong learning reforms since 1996 177
A.3 Definition of the variable “organizational linkage” 185
A.4 Definition of the variable “area” 187
A.5 Definition of the variable “national preconditions” 188
ix
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