International Low Impact Development Conference 2015 : LID: it works in all climates and soils : proceedings of the 2015 International Low Impact Development Conference, January 19-21, 2015 Houston, Texas

446 Pages·2015·45.697 MB·English

by  Barrett, Michael E

I L I
NTERNATIONAL OW MPACT
D C
EVELOPMENT ONFERENCE
2015
LID: I W A C S
T ORKS IN LL LIMATES AND OILS
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2015 INTERNATIONAL LOW IMPACT
DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCE
January 19-21, 2015
Houston, Texas

SPONSORED BY
Low Impact Development Technical Committee
of the Urban Water Resources Research Council
of the Environmental and Water Resources Institute
of the American Society of Civil Engineers

EDITED BY
Michael Barrett, Ph.D., P.E., D.WRE

Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers
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Preface
A number of national and regional Low Impact Development (LID) Conferences
have been held in the United States, including the September 2004 conference hosted
by the University of Maryland, College Park, the March 2007 conference hosted by
North Carolina State University in Wilmington, NC, the 2008 International LID
Conference in Seattle, Washington, the 2010 conference in San Francisco, and, most
recently, the 2013 conference in St. Paul. The 2015 Houston conference was
organized to continue to expand this regional and national dialogue to a global scale
and to highlight new and continuing work including research, case studies, social
dimensions and community adoption of LID throughout the United States and other
parts of the world.

The conference addressed a number of interrelated objectives that include:

• Promotion of the use of LID as an effective alternative for or integrated with
traditional stormwater management, as well as to examine successful
watershed management practices related to protection of streams through
hydromodification.
• Consideration of how changes in the traditional urban drainage design
paradigm interconnect with ideas of sustainability and green building and help
create a constituency for more livable and sustainable cities.
• Informing practitioners throughout the country on strategies to address and go
beyond common impediments for implementation of these techniques
• Accelerating change in the practice of stormwater management, including an
information exchange that intends to refine design processes, review
procedures, and evaluate construction standards related to LID technologies
• Improving our collective understanding of how vegetation helps manage
stormwater, intercept precipitation, expand urban greenspace, and improve
urban livability

The technical papers included in these proceedings are a subset of the presentations in
Houston that address a very broad range of topics that are relevant to sustainable
approach to stormwater management using the Low Impact Development technology.
These topics include:

 Computational Methods
• Real time control
• Use of various models for evaluating expected performance
• Optimization

 Education, Training Outreach
• Community and Neighborhood Involvement and Acceptance of LID
• Engaging K-12 audiences
• Public outreach

 Green Infrastructure Construction
• Descriptions of actual implementation projects
 Green Infrastructure Performance Studies
• Rainwater harvesting
• Bioretention
• Green roofs
• Permeable pavement

 Landscape, Planning, and Site Design
• Green Alleys
• Innovative LID design
• Urban retrofit
• Groundwater recharge
• Human health and well-being

 LID in Texas
• Challenges for implementation over the Edwards aquifer

 LID in Coastal Areas
• Watershed restoration along the coast

 Maintenance and Whole Life Costs
• Lessons from the UK

Acknowledgments
Conference Chair Conference Co-Chair
Kathlie S. Jeng-Bulloch Mike Clar
Managing Engineer Tetra Tech, Inc.
Public Works & Engineering, Wilmington, Delaware
Houston, Texas [email protected]
[email protected]

Technical Program Co-Chairs
Technical Program Co-Chairs
Troy Dorman
Michael Barrett
Tetratech
Center for Research in Water
San Antonio, Texas
Resources
[email protected]
University of Texas at Austin
[email protected]
Contents
Computational Methods
Active Hydromodification Control ........................................................................................ 1
J. A. Goodman and M. Quigley
Application of SWMM in Evaluating the Reduction Performance
of Urban Runoff Treatment Systems with Varying Land Use ............................................ 11
J. A. S. Tobio, M. C. Maniquiz-Redillas, and L. H. Kim
Application of the SUSTAIN Model to a Watershed-Scale Case
for Water Quality Management ........................................................................................... 21
Chi-Feng Chen and Jen-Yang Lin
Development of LID Design Systems for Waterfront Cities .............................................. 31
Young-Ho Shin, Seung-Cheol Choi, Ki-Yong An, and Ou-Bae Sim
Modeling Sedimentation in Underground Stormwater Detention
Chamber Systems .................................................................................................................. 43
Nicholas McIntosh, Jennifer Drake, Dean Young, and Jason Spencer
Use of Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Optimization
for Low Impact Development Placement ............................................................................ 53
Marcio H. Giacomoni
Education, Training, and Outreach
Not in My Front Yard: Overcoming Public Resistance to Urban GSI
Retrofit Projects .................................................................................................................... 63
Kristine Cramer
Successful Public Outreach Programs for Green Infrastructure Projects ....................... 74
Amir Ehsaei, Thomas Sweet, Raphael Garcia, Laura Adleman,
and Jean M. Walsh
Using LID Projects to Engage K-12 Audiences: A Rainwater Harvesting Story ............. 93
Tara Kulkarni
Green Infrastructure Construction
Implementation and Operation of Coconut Fibre/Husks Stormwater Filters
As Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS) for Rural Communities
across the Caribbean ........................................................................................................... 105
K. Tota-Maharaj and D. Cheddie
Santa Cruz County LID Groundwater Recharge Project, Santa Cruz,
California, U.S.A. ................................................................................................................. 115
P. E. Myer, R. L. Cooper, P. H. Haase, and C. H. Coburn
Green Infrastructure Performance Studies
Amending Soils for Enhanced Infiltration of Stormwater .............................................. 123
Barrett L. Kays, Richard McLaughlin, Joshua Heitman,
Fatemeh Mohammadshirazi, and Virginia Brown
An Extremely Undersized Infiltration Trench 10 Years Later ........................................ 133
C. Lewellyn, K. Quetti, B. M. Wadzuk, and R. G. Traver
Field-Scale Evaluation of a Floating Media Bed Reactor for Nutrient
Treatment in a Wet Detention Pond .................................................................................. 142
Ni-Bin Chang, A. James Crawford, and Marty Wanielista
Bioretention and Permeable Pavement Performance in Clay Soil ................................. 151
F. H. Jaber
Evaluation of Rainwater Harvesting with Cloud-Based Infrastructure
As a Stormwater Control Measure .................................................................................... 161
Holly Piza
Comparative Evaluation of Floating Treatment Wetlands for Nutrient
Removal and Algal Toxin Control in Wet Detention Ponds ............................................ 168
Ni-Bin Chang, Marty Wanielista, and Zachary Marimon
Measurement and Optimization of Permeability in Bioretention Soil Media ............... 176
C. Ray, B. Bezak, K. Petrey, and E. Shea
Optimizing Green Roof Design for Evapotranspiration .................................................. 186
G. Zaremba, S. Molina, B. M. Wadzuk, and R. G. Traver
Pervious Concrete Performance in Eastern Washington: Surface Infiltration ............. 196
L. M. Haselbach and B. S. Werner
Retrofitting Rooftops to Support Multiple Green Infrastructure Systems .................... 206
J. Drake, L. Margolis, B. Sleep, and G. Mishriki
Stormwater Treatment Performance of a Permeable Pavement-Biofiltration
System and a Stand-Alone Biofiltration Unit in North Carolina .................................... 216
A. R. Anderson, A. P. Smolek, and W. F. Hunt
Successful Green Infrastructure Implementation in Cold Weather Climates ............... 227
Russell Vadenais
Performance of a LID Treatment Train in Shenzhen University
during Extreme Storm Events ........................................................................................... 237
Nian She, Jian Liu, William Lucas, Tao Li, and Lingyi Wu
Performance of Hydromedia Pervious Concrete Pavement in Ontario
Subjected to Urban Traffic Loads ..................................................................................... 246
A. Crookes, J. Drake, and A. Lotfy
Landscapes, Planning, and Site Design
A Stormwater Exfiltration System for a Road Retrofit ................................................... 257
James Y. Li and Darko Joksimovic
Beyond Green LID Zero Runoff Strategies for Our Cities.............................................. 264
Barrett L. Kays
Comparative Evaluation of Different Types of Permeable Pavement
for Stormwater Reduction—St. Louis Green Alley Pilot Study ...................................... 274
I. Alyaseri and J. Zhou
Continuous Distributed Modeling of LID/GI: Scaling from Site to Watershed ............ 285
Baxter E. Vieux and Jean E. Vieux
Encouraging Human Health and Wellness: LID Planning
and Design for Co-Benefits ................................................................................................. 295
Kathleen L. Wolf
Extended Performance of Media Filter Drains: Existing Media .................................... 304
L. M. Haselbach, J. R. Rath, and B. Werner
Identification of Urban LID Implementation Opportunities
for Groundwater Recharge ................................................................................................ 312
E. M. Corwin, S. L. Bryan, and P. H. Haase
Innovative Design of the Gravel System for an Underground Parking Garage ............ 322
Lingyi Wu, William Lucas, Jian Liu, Nian She, Donglin Xiao,
and Guodong Ye
Innovative Design of the LID Facilities of the Congdu Ecological Grange .................... 331
Jiang Liu, William Lucas, Irene Chan, Nian She, and Lingyi Wu
Optimization of Low Impact Development Facilities in the Beijing
CITIC Complex ................................................................................................................... 342
Bingnan Chen, Jian Liu, Nian She, and Ke Xu
Our Plan to Repurpose the Denver High Line Canal for Stormwater Quality
and Runoff Reduction ......................................................................................................... 352
Ken A. MacKenzie, Jesse Nolle, and Alan Leak
Planning for Low-Impact Development at a Military Facility ........................................ 361
Tatiana H. Papakos and Kristi Root
Reimagining Spring Lake Park through LID ................................................................... 372
Ryan M. Bentley
Reimagining Urban Drainage in the World’s Biggest Construction
Sites: Three LID Stories in Eastern China ....................................................................... 384
Chih-Wei G. V. Chang
Retrofitting Stormwater Systems with Low-Impact Development Techniques ............. 394
E. Stevens, R. Chavez, and C. Whittenburg
LID in Coastal Areas
A Collaborative Approach to Voluntary Watershed Restoration
in Coastal North Carolina .................................................................................................. 404
Erin S. Carey, Jonathan L. Page, Roger D. Shew, and William F. Hunt III
LID in Texas
Edwards Aquifer Region of South-Central Texas: Unique Challenges
and Solutions for LID Implementation .............................................................................. 411
M. Roos and A. Peace
Maintenance and Long-Term Costs
Whole Life Costs and Benefits of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems
in Dunfermline, Scotland .................................................................................................... 419
D. F. Wolf, A. M. Duffy, and K. V. Heal
Student Submissions
Applying New Features of Low Impact Development Techniques
in the Master Planning of the Guangzhou Educational Town ........................................ 428
Tao Li, Shuangcheng Shan, Jian Liu, Nian She, Bingnan Chen,
and Lingyi Wu
International Low Impact Development Conference 2015: 1
It Works in All Climates and Soils © ASCE 2015
Active Hydromodification Control
J.A. Goodman1 and M. Quigley2
1Geosyntec Consultants, 1111 Broadway, 6th Floor, Oakland, CA 94612; PH (510)
285-2767; FAX [phone]; email: [email protected]
2 Geosyntec Consultants, 1330 Beacon Street, Suite 317, Brookline, MA 02446, PH
[phone]; email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The state of the practice for hydromodification management for new development is
to mimic long-term pre-development site hydrology. The theory is that if the pre-
development distribution of in-stream flows is maintained, then the baseline capacity
to transport sediment, a proxy for the geomorphic condition, will be maintained as
well. A popular method of mimicking the pre-development flow regime is via flow
duration control (FDC) which can be achieved by routing post-development runoff
through structural stormwater BMPs such that runoff is stored and slowly released to
match pre-development flow rates and durations. Storage requirements for FDC tend
to be much larger than that for surface water treatment requirements, particularly
when the BMPs are small, distributed LID facilities with simple outlet structures.
This paper describes a recently invented (patent pending) methodology and
programming logic for active stormwater controls to optimize sizing and design of
Hydromodification Control BMPs to achieve FDC (also known as Active
Hydromodification Control) and presents one case study to demonstrate benefits. An
actively controlled BMP outlet consists of a modulating valve, orifice, or pump in
place of a passive stagnant orifice. With the use of active stormwater controls and the
methodology described, benefits are three-fold. First, new BMPs can be optimized to
be smaller and, thus, more feasible to implement. Second, existing stormwater
facilities designed for flood control or other management objectives can be retrofitted
to provide hydromodification control. Third, when utilized with real-time flow and
water level monitoring equipment and data, the flow release logic can be adaptively
adjusted based on calibrated data without physical retrofit of the BMP’s outlet.
BACKGROUND
Hydromodification is defined as changes in runoff characteristics and in-stream
processes caused by altered land use. With regard to urbanization, when areas are
rendered impervious with asphalt, concrete, and roofs, and runoff is conveyed directly
to streams via the conventional storm drain system, natural storage in vegetation and
infiltration into soil is reduced and overland flow increases. As a result, the
magnitude and duration of flow rates entering receiving streams or other channels
increases, which contributes to more erosive energy within the channel. Unless
managed, hydromodification can cause impacts including channel erosion and results
in biological impacts to stream systems as well as infrastructure.
1