International Law and the Arctic PDF
Preview International Law and the Arctic
more information – www.cambridge.org/9781107042759 InternationalLawandtheArctic ClimatechangeandrisingoilpriceshavethrusttheArctictothe topoftheforeignpolicyagendaandraiseddifficultissuesof sovereignty,security,andenvironmentalprotection.Improved accessforshippingandresourcedevelopmentareleadingtonew internationalrulesonsafety,pollutionprevention,and emergencyresponse.AroundtheArctic,maritimeboundary disputesarebeingnegotiatedandresolved,andnew internationalinstitutions,suchastheArcticCouncil,are mediatingdeep-rootedtensionsbetweenRussiaandNATOand betweennationstatesandindigenouspeoples.InternationalLaw andtheArcticexplainsthesedevelopmentsandrevealsastrong trendtowardinternationalcooperationandlaw-making.Itthus contradictsthewidespreadmisconceptionthattheArcticisan unregulatedzoneofpotentialconflict. MichaelByersholdstheCanadaResearchChairinGlobal PoliticsandInternationalLawattheUniversityofBritish Columbia. cambridge studies in international and comparative law Establishedin1946,thisseriesproduceshigh-qualityscholarshipinthefieldsof publicandprivateinternationallawandcomparativelaw.Althoughtheseare distinctlegalsub-disciplines,developmentssince1946confirmtheir interrelations. Comparativelawisincreasinglyusedasatoolinthemakingoflawat national,regional,andinternationallevels.Privateinternationallawisnow oftenaffectedbyinternationalconventions,andtheissuesfacedbyclassical conflictsrulesarefrequentlydealtwithbysubstantiveharmonizationoflaw underinternationalauspices.Mixedinternationalarbitrations,especiallythose involvingstateeconomicactivity,raisemixedquestionsofpublicandprivate internationallaw,whileinmanyfields(suchastheprotectionofhumanrights anddemocraticstandards,investmentguaranteesandinternationalcriminal law)internationalandnationalsystemsinteract.Nationalconstitutional arrangementsrelatingto“foreignaffairs,”andtotheimplementationof internationalnorms,areafocusofattention. TheSerieswelcomesworksofatheoreticalorinterdisciplinarycharacter,and thosefocusingonthenewapproachestointernationalorcomparativelawor conflictsoflaw.Studiesofparticularinstitutionsorproblemsareequally welcome,asaretranslationsofthebestworkpublishedinotherlanguages. GeneralEditors JamesCrawfordSCFBAWhewellProfessorofInternationalLaw, FacultyofLaw,UniversityofCambridge JohnS.BellFBAProfessorofLaw,FacultyofLaw,Universityof Cambridge Alistofbooksintheseriescanbefoundattheendofthisvolume. International Law and the Arctic Michael Byers WithJamesBaker UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom PublishedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabyCambridgeUniversityPress,NewYork CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781107042759 (cid:1)MichaelByers2013 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2013 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyCPIGroupLtd,CroydonCR04YY AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationdata Byers,Michael,1966– Internationallawandthearctic/MichaelByers. pages cm.– (Cambridgestudiesininternationalandcomparativelaw;103) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-1-107-04275-9(hardback) 1. Arcticregions–Internationalstatus. 2. Arcticregions–International cooperation. I. Title. KZ4110.P65B94 2013 341.405091632–dc23 2013023187 ISBN978-1-107-04275-9Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication, anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. ItisoftensaidtherearefewtrulyuntamedplacesleftonEarth,butthewindswepthorizons oftheArcticsurelyqualify.Somepoliticalanalystsmaintainthatthegeopoliticallandscape isequallyharsh–alawlessregionpoisedforconflictduetoanaccelerating“raceforthe NorthPole.” Wedisagree.Instead,wefirmlybelievethattheArcticcanbeusedtodemonstratejust howmuchpeaceandcollectiveinterestscanbeservedthroughtheimplementationofthe international rule of law. Moreover, we believe that the challenges in the Arctic should inspire momentum in international relations, based on co-operation rather than rivalry andconfrontation,andwebelievethatimportantstepshavealreadybeentakentoward thisgoal. RussianForeignMinisterSergeiLavrovandNorwegianForeignMinister JonasGahrStøre,“Canada,TakeNote:Here’sHowtoResolve MaritimeDisputes,”GlobeandMail,September21,2010
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