Table Of Content

International Journal of GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 86 (2004) 420-421 Www.elsevier.com/locate/ijgo Author Index Volume 86 (2004) Adam, I. 86, 52 Dehbashi, S. 86, 12 Karateke, A. 86, 27 Adanu, R.M.K. 86, 61 Demirkiran, F. 86, 377 Kaul, V. 86, 388 Aggarwal, N. 86, 388 Dickens, B.M. 86, 79 Keith, L.G. 86, 236 Ahmed, I. 86, 401 Dubay, P. 86, 398 Khawaja, M. 86, 67 Aliyu, M.H. 86, 44 Dilger, O. 86, 48 Kilicdag, E.B. 86, 56 Amemiya, S. 86, 371 Kim, J.W. 86, 63 Anceschi, M.M. 86, 365 Kim, S.H. 86, 63 Ankum, W.M. 86, 337 a Sw oe Kim, Y.H. 86, 392 Apfalter, P. 86, 39 Kim, Y.T. 86, 63 Arulkumaran, S. 86, 4, 202, 217, 276 Fadalla, F.A. 86, 52 Kimya, Y. 86, 33 Faghih Zadeh, S. 86, 358 Kumar, A. 86, 409 Bachmann, J. 86, 59 Fardi, F.H. 86, 12 Kumar, S. 86, 41 Bagis, T. 86, 56 Farooq, T. 86, 384 Banerjee, K. 86, 41 RA. EE DE: 208, 288, 20° Lalonde, A. 86, 283 Fletcher, H. 86, 65 Basnet, I. 86, 86, 98 Fortney. JA. 86. 85. 109 Lam, H. 86, 31 Benagiano, G. 86, 283, 328 vy a ee “sig Lam, P.W. 86, 31 Bese, T. 86, 377 er hier Lang, J.H. 86, 403 Bhagoliwal, A. 86, 398 Levy, A. 86, 7 Bourne, T. 86, 351 Garshasbi, A. 86, 358 Liu, Y.-H. 86, 411 Browning, A. 86, 317 Ghazanfari, T. 86, 358 Lu, C. 86, 351 Bruinse, H.W. 86, 337 Graziosi, G.C.M. 86, 337 Ludwig, H. 86, 135, 166 Buhimschi, C.S. 86, 35 Guido, R.S. 86, 22 Buhimschi, I.A. 86, 35 Gurbuz, A. 86, 27 Mamula, O. 86, 16 Guven, MA. 86, 377 Martinez Lopez, R. 86, 405 Cain, J.M. 86, 267 Martinez Maestre, M.A. 86, 405 Cerekja, A. 86, 365 Harwood, B. 86, 22 Mazor, M. 86, 7 Chen, F.-P. 86, 411 Honarvar, M. 86, 12 McCainey, T.N. 86, 44 Chen, H.P. 86, 386 Horga, M. 86, 79 McCall, M. 86, 86, 98 Chen, Z.J. 86, 394 Hyman, A. 86, 409 Meloni, P. 86, 365 Chin, H.-Y. 86, 411 Mettler, L. 86, 59 Cho, M.K. 86, 392 : Mgoyi, L. 86, 377 Clapham, S. 86, 86, 98 Me BE OT Mirghani, O.A. 86, 52 Condous, G. 86, 351 Mittal, S. 86, 41 Cook, R.J. 86, 79 Jacquemyn, Y. 86, 396 Mol, B.W. 86, 337 Cosmi, E. 86, 365 Jain, M. 86, 384 Morhe, E.S.K. 86, 46 Cosmi, E.V. 86, 365 Johnson, T.R.B. 86, 4 Mungan, T. 86, 37 Creinin, M.D. 86, 22 Kabaca, C. 86, 27 Nayki, U. 86, 407 Danso, K.A. 86, 46 Kaminetsky, H. 86, 236 Nguyen, N. 86, 70 Daza Manzano, C. 86, 405 Karabay, A. 86, 33 Nigam, A. 86, 398 doi: 10.1016/8S0020-7292(04)00269-3 Author Index Okai, T. 86, 371 Schei, B. 86, 328 Tantipalakorn, C. 86, 347 Okogbenin, S.A. 86, 50 Schenker, J.G. 86, 267 Tapisiz, O.L. 86, 37 Otoide, V.O. 86, 50 Schmutzler, A. 86, 59 Tarim, E. 86, 56 Otsuka, J. 86, 371 Sciarra, J.J. 86, 236 Taylor, D.J. 86, 29 Ozerkan, K. 86, 33 Seffah, J.D. 86, 61 Tews, G. 86, 39 Sekizawa, A. 86, 371 Thomas, B. 86, 210, 283 Pandey, K. 86, 398 Sengretsi, S. 86, 46 Thorp, J.M. 86, 70 Patel, T.Lord. 86, 317 Seppala, M. 86, 190 Timmerman, D. 86, 351 Pathak, L.R. 86, 86 Shafik, A. 86, 401 Tjalma, W.A.A. 86, 396 Petrovic, O. 86, 16 Shafik, A.A. 86, 401 Tomlinson, A.J. 86, 29 Piazze, J.J. 86, 365 Shakya, G. 86, 98 Tongprasert, F. 86, 390 Pirci, A. 86, 407 Shaw, D. 86, 294 Tongsong, T. 86, 347, 390 Potter, T. 86, 65 Sheiner, E. 86, 7 Turmen, T. 86, 323 Pourbagher, A. 86, 56 Sheng, Y. 86, 394 Prakash, A. 86, 398 Sheth, S. 86, 224, 335 Van Huffel, S.V. 86, 351 Shui, L.-T. 86, 411 Vanek, M. 86, 7 Pun, T.C. 86, 31 Shukla, R.C. 86, 384 Wanapirak, C. 86, 347 Singh, V.K. 86, 398 Qureshi, N.S. 86, 29 Wang, C.-J. 86, 411 Sirichotiyakul, S. 86, 347, 390 Weiner, C.P. 86, 35 Smiljan Severinski, N. 86, 16 Ray, P. 86, 388 Williams, C.K. 86, 236 Soguk, C. 86, 37 Reid, M. 86, 65 Song, T.B. 86, 392 Xiang, W.P. 86, 386 Rosenfield, A. 86, 264 Soong, Y.-K. 86, 411 Xiao, H. 86, 403 Ruozi-Berretta, A. 86, 365 Sun, J. 86, 54 Sun, P. 86, 54 Yasar, L. 86, 48 Saito, H. 86, 371 Yazicioglu, H.F. 86, 48 Salihu, H.M. 86, 44 Tachikawa, T. 86, 371 Sanguansermsri, T. 86, 347 Taner, C.E. 86, 407 Zhang, J. 86, 22 Savitz, D.A. 86, 70 Tang, R. 86, 394 Zhu, L. 86, 403 International Journal of GYNECOLOGY & OBSTETRICS International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics 86 (2004) 422-427 www.elsevier.com/locate/ijgo Subject Index Volume 86 (2004) Abortion; Safe abortion; Unsafe abortion; Manual vacuum Bishop score; Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; Labor induc- aspiration; Dilation and curettage; Dilation and evacuation; tion success 86, 33 Contraception 86, 79 Blood loss; Vasopressin; Normal saline; Hydrodissection; Abortion; Oral vs. vaginal misoprostol; Pregnancy 86, 52 Vaginal hysterectomy 86, 65 Abortion management; Misoprostol; Pregnancy failure 86, Blood loss; Endometritis; Cesarean delivery; Placental deliv- 407 ery 86, 12 Albumin; Body mass index; Complication; Prealbumin; Body mass index; Complication; Prealbumin; Postoperative Postoperative morbidity 86, 63 morbidity; Albumin 86, 63 Alpha-thalassemia-1 trait; Beta-thalassemia trait; Erythrocyte Cardiac arrest; Cesarean section; Maternal mortality 86, 50 osmotic fragility test 86, 347 Cerebroplacental ratio; Perinatal outcome; Intrauterine Alternative treatment; Preterm labor; Magnesium sulfate; To- growth restriction; Color Doppler; Middle cerebral artery; colysis 86, 37 Umbilical artery 86, 384 Antibiotic treatment; Preterm labor; Erythromycin 86, 27 Cervical ripening; Membrane stripping; Prostaglandin E2 86, 388 Antinuclear antibody (ANA); Immunological disorders; IVF; aPl 86, 59 Cesarean delivery; Umbilical cord prolapse; Apgar score 86, 29 Apgar score; Cesarean delivery; Umbilical cord prolapse 86, 29 Cesarean delivery; Placental delivery; Blood loss; Endometri- tis 86, 12 aPI; Antinuclear antibody (ANA); Immunological disorders; IVF 86, 59 Cesarean section; Maternal mortality; Cardiac arrest 86, 50 Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin; Preterm delivery; Chronic hypertension; Superimposed preeclampsia; Perinatal Preterm labor 86, 358 mortality; Pregnancy outcome 86, 7 Beta-thalassemia trait; Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test; Al- Clinical; Ultrasound; Fetal weight; Evaluation 86, 41 pha-thalassemia-1 trait 86, 347 Color Doppler; Middle cerebral artery; Umbilical artery; Bicornuate uterus; In vitro fertilization; Embryo transfer; Cerebroplacental ratio; Perinatal outcome; Intrauterine Pregnancy; Rudimentary horn; Unicornuate uterus 86, 394 growth restriction 86, 384 doi: 10.1016/S80020-7292(04)00270-X Subject Index 423 Complication; Prealbumin; Postoperative morbidity; Albumin; Early pregnancy loss; Expectant management; Curettage; Body mass index 86, 63 Meta-analysis; Misoprostol 86, 337 Computerized cardiotocography; Doppler velocimetry; Fetal Ectopic pregnancy; Human chorionic gonadotrophin; Proges- acidemia; Intrauterine growth restriction; Umbilical blood gas terone; Interuser variability; Transvaginal sonography; Preg- analysis 86, 365 nancy of unknown location 86, 351 Conservative management; Placenta previa accreta at ce- Electrical stimulation; Labia minora; Labia majora 86, 401 sarean section 86, 31 Embryo transfer; Pregnancy; Rudimentary horn; Unicornuate Conservative surgical management; Maternal death; Postpar- uterus; Bicornuate uterus; In vitro fertilization 86, 394 tum hemorrhage 86, 396 Emergency obstetric care; Nurses’ roles; Postabortion care; Contraception; Abortion; Safe abortion; Unsafe abortion; Developing countries; Manual vacuum aspiration 86, 98 Manual vacuum aspiration; Dilation and curettage; Dilation and evacuation 86, 79 Emergency obstetric care; Developing countries; Quality of care; Safe motherhood 86, 86 Contraction; Uterus; Dystocia; Protracted labor 86, 35 Endometrial polyp; Histopathology; Hysteroscopy; Hydro- Cornual pregnancy; In vitro fertilization; Heterotopic preg- sonography; Transvaginal sonography 86, 377 nancy 86, 411 Endometrial polyp; Genital tuberculosis; Endometrium 86, Curettage; Meta-analysis; Misoprostol; Early pregnancy loss; 405 Expectant management 86, 337 Endometrial thickness; Misoprostol; Early pregnancy failure; Dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; Labor induction success; Miscarriage; Transvaginal ultrasound 86, 22 Bishop score 86, 33 Endometriosis; Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma; K-ras muta- Developing countries; Quality of care; Safe motherhood; tion; Microsatellite instability; Malignant transformation 86, Emergency obstetric care 86, 86 371 Developing countries; Manual vacuum aspiration; Emergency Endometritis; Cesarean delivery; Placental delivery; Blood obstetric care; Nurses’ roles; Postabortion care 86, 98 loss 86, 12 Dilation and curettage; Dilation and evacuation; Contracep- Endometrium; Endometrial polyp; Genital tuberculosis 86, tion; Abortion; Safe abortion; Unsafe abortion; Manual vac- 405 uum aspiration 86, 79 Epidemiology; Preterm birth; Pregnancy outcome 86, 70 Dilation and evacuation; Contraception; Abortion; Safe abortion; Unsafe abortion; Manual vacuum aspiration; Dilation Episiotomy; Perineum; Genital trauma 86, 46 and curettage 86, 79 Erythrocyte osmotic fragility test; Alpha-thalassemia-1 trait; Discordant twins; IUGR; Neonatal outcome; Growth 86, 16 Beta-thalassemia trait 86, 347 Domestic violence; Wife-beating; Refugees; Jordan 86, 67 Erythromycin; Antibiotic treatment; Preterm labor 86, 27 Doppler velocimetry; Fetal acidemia; Intrauterine growth re- Evaluation; Clinical; Ultrasound; Fetal weight 86, 41 striction; Umbilical blood gas analysis; Computerized cardiotocography 86, 365 Expectant management; Curettage; Meta-analysis; Misopros- tol; Early pregnancy loss 86, 337 Dystocia; Protracted labor; Contraction; Uterus 86, 35 Fetal acidemia; Intrauterine growth restriction; Umbilical Early pregnancy failure; Miscarriage; Transvaginal ultra- blood gas analysis; Computerized cardiotocography; Doppler sound; endometrial thickness; Misoprostol 86, 22 velocimetry 86, 365 424 Subject Index Fetal weight; Evaluation; Clinical; Ultrasound 86, 41 In vitro fertilization; Embryo transfer; Pregnancy; Rudimen- tary horn; Unicornuate uterus; Bicornuate uterus 86, 394 Foreign body removal; Retroperitoneum; Hysteroscopy 86, 48 Interuser variability; Transvaginal sonography; Pregnancy of unknown location; Ectopic pregnancy; Human chorionic go- Genital trauma; Episiotomy; Perineum 86, 46 nadotrophin; Progesterone 86, 351 Genital tuberculosis; Endometrium; Endometrial polyp 86, Intrauterine growth restriction; Color Doppler; Middle cere- 405 bral artery; Umbilical artery; Cerebroplacental ratio; Perinatal outcome 86, 384 Ghana; Uterus; Uterine size; Ultrasound 86, 61 Intrauterine growth restriction; Umbilical blood gas analysis; Growth; Discordant twins; IUGR; Neonatal outcome 86, 16 Computerized cardiotocography; Doppler velocimetry; Fetal acidemia 86, 365 HbE screen test; Hemoglobin E trait 86, 390 Isoferritin; Immunologic tolerance; Pregnancy-induced hyper- Hemoglobin E trait; HbE screen test 86, 390 tension; Placenta 86, 386 Heterotopic pregnancy; Cornual pregnancy; In vitro fertiliza- IUGR; Neonatal outcome; Growth; Discordant twins 86, 16 tion 86, 411 IVF; aPl; Antinuclear antibody (ANA); Immunological dis- Histopathology; Hysteroscopy; Hydrosonography; Transvagi- orders 86, 59 nal sonography; Endometrial polyp 86, 377 Jordan; Domestic violence; Wife-beating; Refugees 86, 67 Hormone replacement therapy; Progestin; Mammographic K-ras mutation; Microsatellite instability; Malignant transfor- breast density 86, 56 mation; Endometriosis; Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma 86, 371 Human chorionic gonadotrophin; Progesterone; Interuser variability; Transvaginal sonography; Pregnancy of unknown Labia majora; Electrical stimulation; Labia minora 86, 401 location; Ectopic pregnancy 86, 351 Labia minora; Labia majora; Electrical stimulation 86, 401 Hydrodissection; Vaginal hysterectomy; Blood loss; Vaso- pressin; Normal saline 86, 65 Labor induction; Term-pregnancy; Oxytocin; Misoprostol; Prostaglandins 86, 398 Hydrosonography; Transvaginal sonography; Endometrial polyp; Histopathology; Hysteroscopy 86, 377 Labor induction success; Bishop score; Dehydroepiandros- terone sulfate 86, 33 Hysterectomy; Myometrium; Necrotizing endomyometritis 86, 39 Life expectancy; Time trend; Uterine cancer; Mortality rate 86, 54 Hysteroscopy; Hydrosonography; Transvaginal sonography; Endometrial polyp; Histopathology 86, 377 Magnesium sulfate; Tocolysis; Alternative treatment; Preterm labor 86, 37 Hysteroscopy; Foreign body removal; Retroperitoneum 86, 48 Malignant transformation; Endometriosis; Ovarian en- Immunologic tolerance; Pregnancy-induced hypertension; Pla- dometrioid carcinoma; K-ras mutation; Microsatellite instabil- centa; Isoferritin 86, 386 ity 86, 371 Immunological disorders; IVF; aPl; Antinuclear antibody Mammographic breast density; Hormone replacement ther- (ANA) 86, 59 apy; Progestin 86, 56 In vitro fertilization; Heterotopic pregnancy; Cornual preg- Manual vacuum aspiration; Emergency obstetric care; Nurses’ nancy 86, 411 roles; Postabortion care; Developing countries 86, 98 Subject Index 425 Manual vacuum aspiration; Dilation and curettage; Dilation Nurses’ roles; Postabortion care; Developing countries; Man- and evacuation; Contraception; Abortion; Safe abortion; Un- ual vacuum aspiration; Emergency obstetric care 86, 98 safe abortion 86, 79 Oral vs. vaginal misoprostol; Pregnancy; Abortion 86, 52 Maternal death; Postpartum hemorrhage; Conservative surgical management 86, 396 Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma; K-ras mutation; Microsatel- lite instability; Malignant transformation; Endometriosis 86, Maternal mortality; Cardiac arrest; Cesarean section 86, 50 371 Maternal smoking; Respiratory distress syndrome; Triplets Oxytocin; Misoprostol; Prostaglandins; Labor induction; 86, 44 Term-pregnancy 86, 398 Membrane stripping; Prostaglandin E2; Cervical ripening 86, Perinatal mortality; Pregnancy outcome; Chronic hyperten- 388 sion; Superimposed preeclampsia 86, 7 Meta-analysis; Misoprostol; Early pregnancy loss; Expectant Perinatal outcome; Intrauterine growth restriction; Color management; Curettage 86, 337 Doppler; Middle cerebral artery; Umbilical artery; Cerebro- placental ratio 86, 384 Microsatellite instability; Malignant transformation; En- dometriosis; Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma; K-ras mutation Perineum; Genital trauma; Episiotomy 86, 46 86, 371 Middle cerebral artery; Umbilical artery; Cerebroplacental Placenta; Isoferritin; Immunologic tolerance; Pregnancy-induced hypertension 86, 386 ratio; Perinatal outcome; Intrauterine growth restriction; Color Doppler 86, 384 Placenta previa accreta at cesarean section; Conservative Miscarriage; Transvaginal ultrasound; endometrial thickness; management 86, 31 Misoprostol; Early pregnancy failure 86, 22 Placental delivery; Blood loss; Endometritis; Cesarean deliv- Misoprostol; Early pregnancy loss; Expectant management; ery 86, 12 Curettage; Meta-analysis 86, 337 Positive prognostic indicators; Predictive factor; Vaginal birth Misoprostol; Prostaglandins; Labor induction; Term-preg- after cesarean delivery 86, 392 nancy; Oxytocin 86, 398 Postabortion care; Developing countries; Manual vacuum as- Misoprostol; Early pregnancy failure; Miscarriage; Transvagi- piration; Emergency obstetric care; Nurses’ roles 86, 98 nal ultrasound; endometrial thickness 86, 22 Postoperative morbidity; Albumin; Body mass index; Compli- Misoprostol; Pregnancy failure; Abortion management 86, cation; Prealbumin 86, 63 407 Postpartum hemorrhage; Conservative surgical management; Mortality rate; Life expectancy; Time trend; Uterine cancer Maternal death 86, 396 86, 54 Prealbumin; Postoperative morbidity; Albumin; Body mass Myometrium; Necrotizing endomyometritis; Hysterectomy 86, 39 index; Complication 86, 63 Predictive factor; Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery; Posi- Necrotizing endomyometritis; Hysterectomy; Myometrium 86, tive prognostic indicators 86, 392 39 Neonatal outcome; Growth; Discordant twins; IUGR 86, 16 Pregnancy; Rudimentary horn; Unicornuate uterus; Bicornu- ate uterus; In vitro fertilization; Embryo transfer 86, 394 Normal saline; Hydrodissection; Vaginal hysterectomy; Blood loss; Vasopressin 86, 65 Pregnancy; Abortion; Oral vs. vaginal misoprostol 86, 52 426 Subject Index Pregnancy failure; Abortion management; Misoprostol 86, Rudimentary horn; Unicornuate uterus; Bicornuate uterus; In 407 vitro fertilization; Embryo transfer; Pregnancy 86, 394 Pregnancy of unknown location; Ectopic pregnancy; Human Safe abortion; Unsafe abortion; Manual vacuum aspiration; chorionic gonadotrophin; Progesterone; Interuser variability; Dilation and curettage; Dilation and evacuation; Contracep- Transvaginal sonography 86, 351 tion; Abortion 86, 79 Pregnancy outcome; Epidemiology; Preterm birth 86, 70 Safe motherhood; Emergency obstetric care; Developing countries; Quality of care 86, 86 Pregnancy outcome; Chronic hypertension; Superimposed preeclampsia; Perinatal mortality 86, 7 Stress urinary incontinence; Tension-free vaginal tape procedure 86, 403 Pregnancy-induced hypertension; Placenta; Isoferritin; Im- munologic tolerance 86, 386 Superimposed preeclampsia; Perinatal mortality; Pregnancy outcome; Chronic hypertension 86, 7 Preterm birth; Pregnancy outcome; Epidemiology 86, 70 Tension-free vaginal tape procedure; Stress urinary inconti- Preterm delivery; Preterm labor; Beta-human chorionic go- nence 86, 403 nadotropin 86, 358 Term-pregnancy; Oxytocin; Misoprostol; Prostaglandins; Preterm labor; Magnesium sulfate; Tocolysis; Alternative Labor induction 86, 398 treatment 86, 37 Time trend; Uterine cancer; Mortality rate; Life expectancy Preterm labor; Erythromycin; Antibiotic treatment 86, 27 86, 54 Preterm labor; Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin; Preterm Tocolysis; Alternative treatment; Preterm labor; Magnesium delivery 86, 358 sulfate 86, 37 Progesterone; Interuser variability; Transvaginal sonography; Transvaginal sonography; Pregnancy of unknown location; Pregnancy of unknown location; Ectopic pregnancy; Human Ectopic pregnancy; Human chorionic gonadotrophin; Proges- chorionic gonadotrophin 86, 351 terone; Interuser variability 86, 351 Progestin; Mammographic breast density; Hormone replace- Transvaginal sonography; Endometrial polyp; Histopathology; ment therapy 86, 56 Hysteroscopy; Hydrosonography 86, 377 Prostaglandin E2; Cervical ripening; Membrane stripping 86, Transvaginal ultrasound; endometrial thickness; Misoprostol; 388 Early pregnancy failure; Miscarriage 86, 22 Prostaglandins; Labor induction; Term-pregnancy; Oxytocin; Triplets; Maternal smoking; Respiratory distress syndrome Misoprostol 86, 398 86, 44 Protracted labor; Contraction; Uterus; Dystocia 86, 35 Ultrasound; Ghana; Uterus; Uterine size 86, 61 Quality of care; Safe motherhood; Emergency obstetric care; Ultrasound; Fetal weight; Evaluation; Clinical 86, 41 Developing countries 86, 86 Umbilical artery; Cerebroplacental ratio; Perinatal outcome; Refugees; Jordan; Domestic violence; Wife-beating 86, 67 Intrauterine growth restriction; Color Doppler; Middle cerebral artery 86, 384 Respiratory distress syndrome; Triplets; Maternal smoking 86, 44 Umbilical blood gas analysis; Computerized cardiotocography; Doppler velocimetry; Fetal acidemia; Intrauterine growth Retroperitoneum; Hysteroscopy; Foreign body removal 86, 48 restriction 86, 365 Subject Index Umbilical cord prolapse; Apgar score; Cesarean delivery 86, Uterus; Uterine size; Ultrasound; Ghana 86, 61 29 Unicornuate uterus; Bicornuate uterus; In vitro fertilization; Vaginal birth after cesarean delivery; Positive prognostic indi- Embryo transfer; Pregnancy; Rudimentary horn 86, 394 cators; Predictive factor 86, 392 Unsafe abortion; Manual vacuum aspiration; Dilation and curettage; Dilation and evacuation; Contraception; Abortion; Vaginal hysterectomy; Blood loss; Vasopressin; Normal saline; Safe abortion 86, 79 Hydrodissection 86, 65 Uterine cancer; Mortality rate; Life expectancy; Time trend 86, 54 Vasopressin; Normal saline; Hydrodissection; Vaginal hysterectomy; Blood loss 86, 65 Uterine size; Ultrasound; Ghana; Uterus 86, 61 Uterus; Dystocia; Protracted labor; Contraction 86, 35 Wife-beating; Refugees; Jordan; Domestic violence 86, 67