International human rights law

12 Pages·1995·0.46 MB·English

by  Cook, Rebecca J

INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
Professor Rebecca J. Cook &
Mr. Edward M. Morgan
1995-96
FACULTY OP LAW
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
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INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
Professor Rebecca J. Cook &
Mr. Edward M. Morgan
1995-96
FACULTY OF LAW
UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO
Digitized by the Internet Archive
in 2018 with funding from
University of Toronto
https://archive.org/details/internationalhum00cook_12
INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1995-96
CHAPTER 1; INTRODUCTION TO INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW
A. Introduction to International Human Rights Law
1. Voluntarism/Contract Model vs Positivism/Natural Rights Model
Cranston, "Are there any Human Rights?" Columbia
University Press, Daedalus. Fall 1983 1-17.1
2. Sources
Statute of the International Court of Justice,
Article 38(1) (see supplement).
Human Rights Conventions (see supplement).
B. Introduction to Systems for the Protection and Promotion of
Human Rights
1. The UN System
Farer, "The United Nations and Human Rights: More
than a Whimper, Less than a Roar" in Roberts &
Kingsbury, eds.. United Nations. Divided World: The
U.N.^s Role in International Reforms 99-100, 102-
119, 125-133 (Oxford: Clarendon, 1989). 10
2. Regional Systems
Weston et al., "Regional Human Rights Regimes: A
Comparison and Appraisal" (1987) 20 Van J. Trans.
L. 585-599, 601-605, 610-611, 633-634. 25
3. Domestic Systems (see also D. below)
Schacter, "The Obligation to Implement the Covenant
in Domestic Law" in Henkin (ed.). The International
Bill of Rights: The Covenant on Civil and Political
Rights 311-331 (New York: Columbia University
Press, 1981).35
Table of Contents - 1
C. state Accountability and State Responsibility
1. Introduction
Kamminga, "Introduction," Inter-State
Accountability for Violations of Human Rights
(Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press,
1992) 1-4 .46
Fitzpatrick "Impunity and Human Rights" (1995) 16
Mich. J. of I.L. 713-726. 49
Human Rights World Watch 1994, "The Absence of
Justice in Multilateral Action" xiii-xvi.57
2. Hximan Rights Protection under Customary International Law
Garcia-Amador, Violations of Human Rights and
International Responsibility" 2 Y.B.I.L.C. 17, 199-
203 (1956). 59
3. Hviman Rights Protection under Treaty Law
Meron, "Mapping Recourse Options" in Human Rights
and Humanitarian Norms as Customary International
Lav 136-154 (London: Clarendon Press, 1989). 65
Meron, "Acts of State, Imputability, Private Acts"
Id. at 155-171.75
D. Overview of Reception of International Law into Domestic Law
The Paquete Habana, 175 U.S. 677 (1900) 677-721. 84
Trendtex Trading Corp. Ltd. v. Central Bank of Nigeria (1977),
1 All E.R. 881-911.107
Kahane v. Shultz, 653 F. Supp. (2d) 1486-1494. 123
Morgan, "Internationalization of Customary International Law:
An Historical Perspective" (1987) 12 Yale J. Int'l L. 63-
82.132
CHAPTER 2; STATE RESPONSIBILITY; THE ANALYSIS
A. The Analysis
Threshold Issues
Meron, "Exhaustion of Local Remedies" Human Rights
and Humanitarian Norms as Customary International
Lav 171-182 (London: Clarendon Press, 1989). 142
Table of Contents 2
Lillich, '‘Implementation Measures" International
Human Rights: Problems of Law, Policy and Practice
(Toronto: Little Brown and Company, 1995) 210-
226. 149
Newman & Weissbrodt, International Human Rights
(Anderson, 1990) Procedure of the Human Rights
Committee. Report of the Human Rights Committee
(1984) 71-75... 158
Step One: The Legal Recognition of an Obligation: Primary and
Secondary Obligations
Kamminga, "Aspects of State Responsibility, Primary
and Secondary Rules" (Philadelphia: University of
Pennsylvania Press), 127-143. 162
Buergenthal, "To Respect and to Ensure: State
Obligations and Permissible Derogations" in Henkin
(ed.) The International Bill of Rights: The
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 72-77 (New
York: Columbia University Press, 1981).171
Meron, "Obligations of Means and Obligations of
Results" 182-188. 174
Shelton, "Private Violence, Public Wrongs, and the
Responsibility of States" (1989-90) 13 Fordham
I.L. J. 1, 14-24.178
Velasquez-Rodriquez (1989) 28 I.L.M. 291 Inter-
American Court of Human Rights (Ser. A., Vol. 25)
paragraphs 155-188. 185
Step Two: Fact-Finding and Evaluation
1. Evaluating Facts in the Light of Asymmetrical Access
Rogge, "Fact-finding" in MacDonald et al (eds.) The
European System for the Protection of Human Rights
677-701 (Dordecht, The Netherlands, the
Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff, 1993). 189
Velasquez-Rodriguez (1989) 28 I.L.M. 291 Inter-
American Court of Human Rights (Ser. A., Vol.25)
paragraphs 3, 59-60, 76-148. 202
2. NGOs and the Politics of Fact-Finding
Orentlicher, "Bearing Witness: The Art and Science
of Human Rights Fact-Finding" 3 Harv. I.L.J. 83,
93-108 (1990). 208
Table of Contents 3
step Three: Choosing the Form of Redress
1. Litigating Internationally
"Conclusions of the Maastrich Seminar on the Right
to Restitution, Compensation and Rehabilitation for
Victims of Cross Violations of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms" SIM, Seminar on the Right to
Restitution Compensation and Rehabilitation for
Victims of Gross Violations of Human Rights and
Fundamental Freedoms (Netherlands: University of
Limburg, 1992) 16-21. 217
Danieli, "Preliminary reflections from a
psychological perspective" Id at 196-213. 220
Dimitrijevic, "Dimensions of state responsibility
for gross violations of human rights and
fundamental freedoms following the introduction of
democratic rule" Id at 214-224 . 229
Mendez & Vivanco, "Disappearances & the Inter-
American Court: Reflections on a Litigation
Experience" (1990) 13 Hamline L Rev 507. 235
Pocar, "Legal Value of the Human Rights Committee's
Views": Under the Optional Protocol, 1-9. 238
2. Litigating Domestically
Mignone, "The Experience of Argentina" SIM, Seminar
on the Right to Restitution Compensation and
Rehabilitation for Victims of Gross Violations of
Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (Netherlands:
University of Limburg, 1992) 125-129.
3. Case Study: Lovelace v. Canada
Lovelace v. Canada U.N. Doc. A/36/40 (1981) edited
excerpts and for discussion of Canada's response
from Newman & Weissbrodt, International Human
Rights (Anderson, 1990) 75-83 (review questions 4-
7).250
Table of Contents 4
CHAPTER 3: STATE RESPONSIBILITY IN HUMAN RIGHTS CONVENTIONS;
DETERMINING THE SCOPE OF APPLICATION OF CONVENTIONS
A. Overview
Merrills, "The Court's Method of Interpretation" in The
Development of International Law by the European Court of Human
Rights 2nd ed. (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1993)
69-73, 76-87, 89. 255
B. Determining the Scope: Expanding It
1. The Effectiveness Principle and Positive Obligations
Airev V. Ireland. European Court of Human Rights (9
Oct. 1979) (Ser. A v. 32) pp 4-19.. . 265
X & Y V. The Netherlands. (26 March 1985) European
Court of Human Rights (9 Oct. 1979) (Ser. A v.32)
pp. 6-15...273
2. State Responsibility for Non-State Actors
Review Shelton, "Private Violence, Public Wrongs
and the
Responsibility of States," see above.
Forde, "Non-Governmental Interferences with Human
Rights" (1985) 56 British Yearbook of Int'l Law
253-273. 278
C. Determining the Scope: Limiting It.
1. Derogation
Kamminga, Chap. 3 "Aspects of State Responsibility"
Obligations Erga Omnes 156-163. 286
Buergenthal, "To Respect and to Ensure: State
Obligations and Permissible Derogations" in Henkin
(ed.) The International Bill of Rights: The
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 78-91. 290
Hartman, "Derogation from Human Rights Treaties in
Public Emergencies" (1981) 22 Harvard International
Law Journal 1, 1-3, 16-52. 297
Table of Contents - 5
.
2 Limitations
Kiss, "Permissible Limitations on Rights" in L.
Henkin (ed.), The International Bill of Rights; The
Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 290-310 (New
York: Columbia University Press, 1981).318
Open Door Counselling and Dublin Well Women v.
Ireland 15 E.H.R.R. 244-284 (1992). 329
3. Deferential Doctrines in the European Court of Human Rights
A. Subsidiarity
Petzold, "The Convention and the Principle of
Subsidiarity" in Macdonald et al (eds.) The
European System for the Protection of Human Rights
41-43, 49-59 (Dordecht, the Netherlands: Martinus
Nijhoff, 1993. 350
B. Margin of Appreciation
Merrills, "The Margin of Appreciation" in The
Developmentof International Law by the European
Court of Human Rights 151-2, 159-76 (Manchester:
Manchester University Press, 1993). 357
Ireland v. the United Kingdom (13 Dec. 1977)
European Court of Human Rights (Ser. A., Vol. 25)
590 (edited).368
4. Reservations
A. Overview
Coccia, "Reservations to Multilateral Treaties on
Human Rights" (1985) 15 Cal W. Int^l L.J. 1 16-
38. 383
Belilos V Switzerland European Court of Human
Rights (29 April 1988) (Ser. A, v. 132). 395
B. Case Study: Compatibility of a Reservation
Reservation of Bangladesh to the Convention on the
Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and
the Objections of Mexico, Sweden and Germany 627-
629..
Abu-Odeh, "Post Colonial Feminism and the Veil:
Considering the Differences" (1992) 26 New England
Law Review 1527-1537.
417
Table of Contents 6